PSY101 Exam 1

Of the following, the correlation coefficient that indicates the weakest relationship between the two variables being measured is

+ 0.01.

Which of the following psychologists is/are considered a humanistic psychologist?

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Recently, western psychologists have started to devote more attention to _____ as a determinant of behavior and are striving to study previously underrepresented groups of subjects to test the generality of earlier findings .

culture

Critics of deception argue all of the following except

deception deals with the problem of placebo effects

In experimental research, the data collected by the researcher is the

dependant variable

In experimental research, the variable that the researcher measures because it is thought to be affected by the manipulation of another variable is the

dependent variable

Research has revealed that subjects who participated in research involving deception

didn't mind being misled and generally enjoyed taking part in research.

The text's unifying theme that "psychology is empirical" implies that psychologists base their conclusions on

direct observations

Technical journals are most likely to be found in

academic libraries.

The characteristics of the sample and the procedures used for testing should be included in the

methods section

The "birth" of psychology as a science occurred in ____ when ____.

1879; Wundt established the first laboratory for psychological research

Colleges and universities are the primary work setting for approximately _____ of American psychologists.

28%

Generally, the MINIMUM requirement for statistical significance is that there is less than _____ that the observed results are due to chance.

5 chances in 100

What is the mode of the following set of scores: 1, 2, 5, 6, 6?

6

You are interested in studying college student's attitudes toward underage drinking. The best way to address this question is which of the following?

A survey

Which of the following psychologists would be MOST likely to stress that each person has a drive to grow and fulfill his or her own potential?

Abraham Maslow

The text's suggestions for improving academic performance by improving your reading, getting more out of lectures, and improving test-taking strategies are consistent with the application of _____ thinking skills.

Critical

Suli wants to be a professional psychologist. What type of degree must Suli earn to work as a professional psychologist?

Doctorate

The premise knowledge should be acquired through observation defines

Empiricism

Which of the following early psychologists is remembered for hosting Sigmund Freud's first series of lectures on psychoanalysis in the U.S. at Clark University

G. Stanley Hall

Behaviourism was founded by

John Watson

The individual most closely associated with the recent development of positive psychology is

Martin Seligman

WHich of the following is NOT a major area of specialization in research psychology?

Personality

The idea that you have thoughts, memories, and desires beyond the control of conscious rational processes originated with

Sigmund Freud

In a discussion with your professor, she tells you that she believes that the focus of psychological study should be to break the conscious experience into its basic elements. Which of the following historical schools of thought is your professor's idea MOST indicative of?

Structuralism

Introspection is MOST likely to be used by _____ psychologists.

Structuralist

The primary reason for the ethical dilemmas psychologists encounter regarding the use of deception in research reflects concerns

about the possibility of inflicting harm on human subjects

Which of the following is NOT likely to be a characteristic of a critical thinker?

Unable to admit mistakes

The concept of "stream of consciousness" is associated with

William James

The field of applied psychology did not become part of mainstream psychology until after _____.

World War II

The major historical event that influenced the development of psychology as a profession is

World War II

Dr Hawkins is a psychologist who spends her day working in an elementary school testing and counseling children who are having difficulty in school. What type of applied psychologist is Dr. Hawkins?

a school psychologist

Clinical psychologists

assess, diagnose, and treat people with psychological problems and disorders.

Which of the following is an example of an independent variable that can be manipulated? a. Test results b. Amount of exposure to caffeine c. Tempurature outside

b. amount of exposure to caffeine

The theoretical orientation that insisted on verifiability of observation was

behaviourism

When faced with a major assignment such as a term paper it is a good idea to

break the assignment down into smaller components.

Manuela has collected data on the relationship between the number of hours the number of days the employees at a large number of factories call in sick and the productivity of the factories. She finds that the correlation is about negative .75. A scatter diagram of Manuela's data would show the data

clustering near a line running from the bottom right corner to the top left corner

The term that refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge is

cognition

Recent research trends is psychology involve two areas largely ignored by early behaviourists. These two areas are

cognition (thinking) and physiological processes

Which core psychological research area is primarily devoted to the study of such topics as memory, problem-solving, and thinking?

cognitive

Which of the following is good advice for getting more out of class lectures?

concentrate on writing down the definitions of terms

The widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations BEST describes a person's _____ heritage.

cultural

Which point of view emphasizes the adaptive (survival or reproductive) value of behavior?

evolutionary psychology

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive/correlational research method?

experiment

The two main types of research methods used in psychology are the

experimental and descriptive/correlational research methods.

A researcher is investigating the effect of music on the productivity of employees in a factory. Half of the employees listen to music while working and half do not listen to music. The researcher measures the productivity of each employee. In this study the employees who listen to music are the

experimental group.

The research area that made up the core of psychology in the first fifty years of its existence goes by the collective name of

experimental psychology

One of the key changes that has occurred in psychology over time is that

fewer psychologists now work in colleges and universities.

Contemporary psychologists generally assume that human behaviour is determined by

heredity and environment acting jointly

Which of the following is NOT one of the text's unifying themes related to psychology as a field of study?

heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour

Which of the following is one of the text's unifying themes related to the subject matter of psychology?

heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour

The social desirability bias is a tendency to answer questions about oneself

in a socially approved manner.

A psychologist who works on trying increase job satisfaction and productivity in a large company would MOST likely have received training in _________ psychology.

industrial and organizational

As the result of a breakdown in communication, morale is low among employees in a local factory. A(n) _____ psychologist would be MOST likely to be helpful in restoring communication and improving morale.

industrial/organizational

Sampling bias is a problem because it

limits the generality of the findings

An inverse relationship between two variables will yield a

negative correlation.

It is safe to say that the "bedrock" of the scoring system for most psychological tests is the

normal distribution

The assertion that "psychology is empirical" means that psychology is based on

observation.

The experimental method is a research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and then

observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result.

The text's definition of psychology states that psychology is both a science and a(n)

profession

While Freud might explain an individual's depression by focusing on the person's unconscious thoughts, a physiological psychologist might focus instead on a chemical imbalance in the brain. This difference in explanations BEST illustrates the text's unifying theme that

psychology is theoretically diverse.

A graduate student who had a strong background in statistical analysis and who was interested in developing accurate psychological tests would MOST likely enjoy working for psychologist who specialized in

psychometrics.

In psychology, most journal articles are

reports that describe original empirical studies.

The idea that Freud's theory was based, in part, on prevailing values during his lifetime implies that psychology's development is influenced by the _____ context.

socio-historical

With regard to the topic of deception in research with human subjects, which of the following is MOST accurate?

some topics could not be investigated unless deception was used

An experimenter tests the hypothesis that caffeine improves student's performance on tests. Subjects in the experimental group drank three cups of coffee and then took a test on Monday or Tuesday. Subjects in the control group drank only water prior to the test, which occurred on Wednesday and Thursday. What is the dependent variable?

test performance

While the term psychology has existed since at LEAST the early 1700s, psychology did not come to be considered a science until

the late 1800s

Dr. Vasquez has found that many Asians feel uncomfortable with the expression of emotions and disclosure of personal info. As a consequence, Dr, Vasquez has made several suggestions for ways in which psychological counseling might be modified to benefit people from Asian backgrounds. Based on this info, you could infer that Dr. Vasquez investigates

the role of cultural factors in psychological processes.

Hastorf and Cantril (1954)'s study involving film footage of a football game between Dartmouth and Princeton demonstrated which of the following?

the subjectivity of perception