PSY101 Lesson 3 Module 3.4

Axon

An extension of the soma, receives signals that are transmitted electrically across the soma from the dendrites.Axon ends in multiple terminal buttons.

Soma

The cell body where the nucleus of the neuron is located. Soma has branches known as dendrites, as well as a major extension known as the axon.Electrical and chemical signals travel across the soma from the dendrites to the axon.

Synaptic Vesicles

The neuronal signal moves rapidly down the axon to the terminal buttons, where synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synapse.

Synapse

A very small space between two neurons, where communication between neurons occur.

Antagonist

Block or impede the normal activity of a neurotransmitter at the receptor.

Dendrite

Branching extensions of the soma. Serve as input sites where signals are received from other neurons.

Agonist

Chemicals that mimic a neurotransmitter at the receptor site and strengthen its effects.

Biological Perspective

Focusing on the biological causes of behavior. Mental disorders like schizophrenia are caused by neurotransmitter system imbalances.

Terminal Button

Found at end of axon, contain synaptic vesicles that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

Myelin Sheath

Glial cells that form a fatty substance around some axons. Acts as an insulator, increasing signal speeds.

Neuron

Interconnected information processors. Building blocks of the nervous system.

Psychotropic Medication

Medication that treats mental disorders by restoring neurotransmitter balance.

Reuptake Inhibitor

Prevent unused neurotransmitters from being transported back to the neuron.

Receptor

Proteins in the cell surface where the neurotransmitters attach, varying in shape, with different receptors matching different neurotransmitters.

Cell Membrane

Semipermeable membrane that makes out a neuron's outer surface. Allows smaller molecules and molecules without an electrical charge to pass through it. Stops larger or electrically charged molecules.

Glial Cell (glia)

Thought to support neurons.Help build nervous system, help neurons line up closely to allow communication, insulate neurons, transport nutrients and waste products, and mediate immune responses.