PSY2012 Exam 2M
Dr. Garcia emphasizes that psychological disorders result from the interactive influences of individual genes, mood-related perceptions, and cultural definitions of normality and disorder. The doctor's emphasis best illustrates
A biopsychosocial approach
Professor Lindstrom emphasizes that the motivation to eat involves the interactive influence of mood, basal metabolic rate, and cultural expectations regarding appropriate food consumption. The professor's emphasis best illustrates
A biopsychosocial approach
Several weeks after being fired from a job he held for more than 20 years, Landon awoke one morning in a stated of bewildered confusion. He has little sense of who he was and even failed to recognize his wife. Landon's experience is most indicative of
A dissociative disorder
An employee's high level of friendliness can lead a supervisor to judge the employee as a more highly reliable worker than is actually the case. This is said to illustrate
A halo error
Professor Sanford explains that the need for physical safety must be met before city dwellers will be motivated to form close friendships with neighbors. Professor Sanford is providing an example of
A hierarchy of motives
Researchers have found low levels of _____ in 13-year-old boys who were later convicted of a crime as 18-to-26-year-olds
Adrenaline
After watching her sister's fearful response to the sight of a spider, Kerri became intensely fearful of spiders. This best illustrates that a specific phobia can be learned through
Agoraphobia
David (muscles) refuses to take reasonable precautions to protect his health because he believes good health is just a matter of luck anyway. Muscle's attitude best illustrates
An external locus of control
Sebastian believes that no matter how hard he works, the "system" is so biased against his ethnic group that he will be unable to achieve economic success. Sebastian's thinking most clearly demonstrates
An external locus of control
Paul expects that diligent study will enable him to earn good grades on his tests. Paul's belief best illustrates
An internal locus of control
Chiara, a 14-year-old, is of average height but weighs only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over to the last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day she should eat well-balanced meals. Chiara suffers from
Anorexia Nervosa
Women fantasize about sex ____ men. Fantasizing about sex ____ indicates a sexual problem or sexual dissatisfaction
As frequently as; does not
To treat nail biting, one can paint a patient's fingernails with nasty-tasting nail polish. This procedure best illustrates
Aversive conditioning
Sheila is more fearful of loneliness than of remaining in physically abusive relationships with her boyfriend. This best illustrates the potentially harmful impact of ___ needs
Belongingness
According to Professor Kang, fear responses pave neural pathways that are more readily activated by later anxiety-producing experiences. The professor's suggestion most directly reflects a ____ perspective
Biological
In discovering that certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures, we are providing evidence for the
Biopsychosocial approach
After several weeks of feeling apathetic and dissatisfied with his life, Mark has suddenly become extremely cheerful and so talkative he can't be interrupted. He seems to need less sleep and becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Mark's behavior is indicative of
Bipolar disorder
Electrically stimulating an appetite-enhancing center within the hypothalamus of a well-fed animal is likely to
Cause the animal to to begin eating
When no weapons of mass destruction were found following the U.S. invasion of Iraq, some Americans revised their memories of the main rationale for going to war. The text author suggests that we can best explain why people changed their memories in terms of
Cognitive dissonance theory
In one study, people were taught to attribute their compulsive urges to abnormal brain functioning. Instead of giving in to an urge, they participated in an alternative activity that engaged other parts of the brain. This strategy for dealing with their best illustrates
Cognitive-behavior therapy
Premarital sexual activity is higher among American teens who
Consume rather than abstain from alcohol
Repeatedly pairing a conditioned stimulus that triggers distress with an unconditioned stimulus that triggers pleasure best illustrates
Counterconditioning
Two or more distinct identities appear to alternately control the behavior of those with
DID
Individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob. This change in behavior is best understood in terms of
Deindividuation
Lillian will be taking an entrance exam for law school this afternoon. She is likely to _____ on the exam if her physiological arousal is _____
Do well; Moderate
An American Psychological Association task force suggested that the sexualization of girls by popular media outlets contributes to
Eating disorders
Identical twins experience ____ rates of homosexual orientation. Fraternal twins experience ____ rates of homosexual orientation
Elevated; Normal
Unlike intelligence scores, achievement scores do NOT follow the pattern of
Flow
The acute nucleus is located within the
Frontal lobes
Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat or interferes with ongoing class activities in response to the sound of outside traffic. Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of
Generalized anxiety disorder
Research on the causes of homosexuality suggests that
Genetic influence plays a role in sexual orientation
Researchers have attributed the development of ADHD to
Genetic influences
The form of blood sugar that provides the major source of energy for body tissues is
Glucose
The polygraph measures the changes in _____ that accompany emotion
Heart rate
In most developing societies today (as in Europe in earlier centuries), obesity is a sign of
High social status
The body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state is known as
Homeostasis
Modifying management practices and work assignments to increase employee engagement best illustrates the professional concerns of
Human factors psychologists
In places where agriculture has produced milk, survival patterns have favored people with lactose tolerance. This best illustrates the impact of cultural trends on
Human genetics
Ghrelin is a ____ hormone secreted by the ____
Hunger-arousing; Stomach
Several neural areas within the ____ regulate the extent to which we are motivated to eat
Hypothalamus
Milan is upset with his wife because she was over an hour late in picking him up at the airport. He is most likely to deal most effectively with his feelings of irritation toward her by telling her
I'm really angry that I had to wait so long for you to get here
The pleasure principle is to the _____ as the reality principle is to the _____
Id; Ego
Cocaine may _____ symptoms of schizophrenia by _____ dopamine levels
Increase; increasing
North Americans are more likely than Japanese citizens to display their feelings openly. This cultural difference best reflects the American culture's greater emphasis on
Individuality
Blood glucose levels are regulated by secretions of ____ by the pancreas
Insulin
Cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result from
Irrational beliefs
Ten-year-old Vito tells his friend, "When you notice that your knees knock, your hands sweat and your stomach is in knots, then you really get scared." This statement best illustrates the
James Lange theory
The hunger-dampening hormone secreted by fat cells is
Leptin
Research suggests that after 18-year-old Kalani has looked at magazine pictures of sexually attractive women, he will be
Less likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive
When people communicate online rather than face to face, they are often ____ focused on others' reactions and ____ inhibited in their self-disclosure
Less; Less
Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from seasonal affective disorder?
Light exposure therapy
Feelings of worthlessness are most likely to be associated with
Major depressive disorder
Norby, an 18-year-old first-year university student, has missed almost all his classes during the past month. He spends most of his time in his bedroom, frequently not even bothering to get dressed or eat meals he thinks his whole life has been a failure and blames himself for being a social misfit. Norby is most likely suffering from
Major depressive disorder
Managers with social leadership style would be most likely to
Mediate a personal dispute between two argumentative employees
In one study, polygraph experts interpreted the polygraph data of 100 people who had been suspects of crimes of theft. Had the polygraph experts been the judges of guilt or innocence
More than one-third of the truly innocent would have been declared guilty
Research studies suggest that workplace discrimination against those who are overweight is ____ common than gender discrimination and ____ common than race
More; More
Jessica feels so self-important and is so self-focused that she unrealistically believes all of her teachers, classmates, and acquaintances are eager to read her hour-by-hour Facebook postings. Jessica best illustrates characteristics of
Narcissism
Those who score high on tests of ____ offer more staged glamorous photos of themselves on social networking sites like facebook
Narcissism
Inflated views of self-importance are most characteristic of those with
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Abraham Maslow referred to the need to live up to one's fullest and unique potential as the
Need for self-actualization
Lorissa is a fussy eater who refuses to take even a small taste of foods she has not seen before. Her behavior best illustrates
Neophobia
After eating a normal lunch, two patients readily consumes a second lunch 20 minutes later because they had
No memory of the previous meal
The World Health Organization defines ____ as a BMI of 30 or more
Obesity
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions called
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Research on obesity and weight indicates that
One pound is always lost for every 3500-calorie reduction in diet
An incentive is a
Positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Differences in right-and left-handed fingerprint ridges are greater for heterosexual males than for gay males. Researchers have attributed this to
Prenatal hormones
Freud's techniques and assumptions are most evident in today's
Psychodynamic therapies
Therapist David Shapiro helped a patient to realize that he couldn't say "I love you" to his wife because it would feel soft and unmanly. The therapist's efforts best illustrate
Psychodynamic therapy
Which form of therapy vigorously challenges clients' illogical and self-defeating attitudes and assumptions?
Rational-emotive behavior therapy
As her parents became increasingly more abusive toward her, Amity began, with apparent sincerity, to emphatically express her great admiration for her parents. Amity's behavior illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of
Reaction formation
The arousal theory of motivation would be most helpful for explaining why
Recreational skydivers jump out of airplanes
Following 9/11, some outraged people lashed out at innocent Arab-Americans. This venting of hostility can best be explained in terms of
Scapegoat theory
Paul, a long- term government employee, falsely believed that his supervisor was a communist agent who was putting poison in the employees' coffee. When Paul was referred to a psychiatrist, he claimed to be the grandson of Abraham Lincoln. Paul is most likely suffering from
Schizophrenia
Humanistic therapists aim to boost people's self-fulfillment by helping them to grow in
Self-acceptance
According to Maslow, the desire to fulfill one's potential is the motivation for
Self-actualization
According to Maslow, our need for ____ must be met before we are prompted to satisfy our need for
Self-esteem; adequate clothing
Carbohydrates such as pasta, chips, and sweets help boost levels of neurotransmitter
Serotonin
The specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time is known as the
Set point
Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that people are unlikely to be motivated to obtain ____ if they are deprived of ____
Sexual gratification; self-esteem
Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that
Sexual interests are aroused by decreased testosterone levels in women and increased testosterone levels in men
Murial often tastes free samples of different foods while grocery shopping. She eats many more of these free samples when the grocery store is crowded with shoppers than when there are only a few other shoppers. This best illustrates the impact of
Social facilitation
Manuel is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed when he is with other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions. Manuel appears to suffer from
Social phobia
Which of the following is most clearly a form of ostracism?
Solitary confinement
In the four months after Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans' rate of _____ reportedly tripled
Suicides
To help Thor overcome his fear of giving public speeches, his therapist instructs him to relax and then to imagine speaking to a group of four people. The therapist is using
Systematic desensitization
Professor Fiekema claims that people are genetically predisposed to live in groups because social attachments enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our human ancestors. The professor's suggestion best illustrates
The evolutionary perspective
A mother's immune system may have a defensive response the substances produced by male fetuses. This is most likely to contribute to
The fraternal birth-order effect
The time span after orgasm during which a man cannot be aroused to another orgasm is called
The refractory period
When Professor McKay nervously began teaching a university class for the first time, he overestimated the extent to which his students would notice that he was anxious. His reaction best illustrates
The spotlight effect
Mr. Philips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment towards his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring, and helpful. A psychoanalyst would most likely consider Mr.Philip's hostility to be an example of
Transference
Chief executives who inspire their colleagues to "transcend their own self-interests for the sale of the collective" demonstrate
Transformational leadership
According to Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
You experience fear at the same time your heart begins pounding
Through a task's ups and downs, people best sustain their mood and motivation when they focus on
immediate goals