psy211 ch 3

In the text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles rather than nine separate segments?

Simplicity

Which of the following is true about Bayesian inference?

The probability of an outcome is determined by the prior probability and the likelihood of the outcome.

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of

good continuation.

What is a scene schema?

knowledge of what a scene typically contains

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the

oblique effect.

The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of perceptual

organization

The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your _____ lobe.

parietal

Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical regularity in your text?

Angled orientation

Which of the following is an example of an effect of top-down processing?

Recognizing a crying friend's sounds as words in a sentence

The theory of unconscious inference includes the

likelihood principle.

The demonstration in your text that asks you to visualize scenes such as an office, a department store clothing section, a lion, and a microscope often results in more details in the scene of the office or department store than the scene with the lion or microscope. The latter two tend to have fewer details because most individuals from modern society have less knowledge of _____ in those scenes.

semantic regularities

When Carlos moved to the United States, he did not understand any English. Phrases like "Anna Mary Can Pi and I Scream Class Hick" didn't make any sense to him. Now that Carlos has been learning English, he recognizes this phrase as "An American Pie and Ice Cream Classic." This example illustrates that Carlos was not capable of ____ in English.

speech segmentation

What differentiates bottom-up processing from top-down processing?

the source of information

Maria took a drink from a container marked "milk." Surprised, she quickly spit out the liquid because it turned out that the container was filled with orange juice instead. Maria likes orange juice, so why did she have such a negative reaction to it? Her response was most affected by

top-down processing

The likelihood principle states that

we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received.

The term semantics, when applied to perception, means the

meaning of a scene, often related to what is happening within the scene.

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of

pragnanz

If a Gestalt psychologist was baking a cake for an event, what would they be most focused on?

the cake

Which of the following is NOT considered a starting point for perception?

thinking

f a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of _____ processing

top-down

When does bottom-up processing start?

When environmental energy stimulates the receptors

What is the process of unconscious inference?

When our perceptions are the result of inferences that we make about the environment

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples?

When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

The results of Gauthier's "Greeble" experiment illustrate

an effect of experience-dependent plasticity.

The sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of _____ processing.

bottom-up