Psyc 100 final study

Cerebellum:

Coordinate my hands and feet on the steering wheel and pedals Make judgments of how near or far cars are away from me

On a series of coin tosses, Oleg has correctly predicted heads or tails seven times in a row. In this instance, we can reasonably conclude that Oleg's predictive accuracy

Is a random and coincidental occurrence.

Corpus Callosum:

Facilitates communication between the hemispheres

The Motor Cortex

Helps me turn the steering wheel and put my foot on the brake. Assists in sending messages to my arm muscles in case I am upset at another driver. Aids in turning my head to watch for motorcycles or bikes.

________ means that the observed differences between scores is probably not due to chance variation between the samples.

Statistical significance

John and Samantha are studying for their upcoming psychology class when John states, "I wonder what it would be like if we used all of our brain, instead of only 10 percent of it." Which of the following would be the best response by Samantha?

That is actually a myth. We use all of our brain."

Reticular Formation

This part of my brain helps me manage how alert I feel in a given moment so I can pay attention to the road. If I were to damage this part of my brain in a car accident, I might fall into a permanent coma. This area helps me relay important information in order to multitask while driving

Amygdala

This part of my brain is implicated when someone cuts me off and I feel angry about how terrible their driving is. If I were to be in a terrible accident, I likely have increased fear of driving in certain conditions, if at all. This part of my brain is to thank for that.

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract its body to a light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The stage in which the flatworm's contraction response to light is established and gradually strengthened is called

acquisition

Hippocampus:

aids with remembering images, Implicated in remembering names, Helps with remembering event

People experience rapid physical development and sexual maturation

at puberty.

Akira believes that her son has become a good student because she frequently praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.

behavioral

Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to isolate

causes from effects

Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your

cerebral cortex.

Dr. Caleigh conducts research on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems. Dr. Caleigh is most likely a ________ psychologist.

cognitive

Investigating patterns of brain activity that accompany people's recollections of a stressful experience would be of most direct interest to the specialty area known as

cognitive neuroscience

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment is called a

confounding variable.

Women have a natural inclination to be more particular than men about who they select as a mate because they need partners who will support and protect their offspring. This statement best illustrates the logic of

evolutionary psychology.

Which of the following has been tested for use as a memory-blocking drug?

propranolol

Governor Donovan was greeted by large, enthusiastic crowds at all of his political rallies. As a result, he became overconfident about his chances of reelection. In this instance, the governor needs to be alerted to the value of

random sampling

Hypothalamus:

regulates thirst influences hormones regulates body temp implicated in sexual drive communicates hunger signals

A child's temperament is likely to be

stable over time

Abuse victims are at considerable risk for depression if they carry a gene variation that spurs the production of

stress hormone

Our shifting perceptions of a Necker cube best illustrate the importance of

top-down processing

Although many experienced drivers cannot accurately explain how they do it, most know how to turn successfully from a left to a right lane of traffic. This best illustrates the value of

unconscious processing

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after an unpredictable period of time is a ________ schedule.

variable-interval

Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a ________ schedule.

variable-ratio

People often fail to make accurate generalizations because they are unduly influenced by ________ cases

vivid

When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop pain and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of

withdrawal

In their research on people's perception of the relationship between gun violence and gun control in the United States, Dr. Margo and Dr. Dillman have found that people are more approving of "common sense gun legislation" than "banning weapons." This finding demonstrates which of the following

wording effects

A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +0.60 would indicate that

less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness

As people progress into late adulthood, their emotional highs become ________ high and their emotional lows become ________ low.

less, less

When pregnant rats drink alcohol, their young offspring later display a(n)

liking for the taste and odor of alcohol.

The standard deviation is the square root of the average squared deviation of scores from the

mean

Which measure of central tendency is used to calculate the average of your school grades?

mean

Removing a rat's hippocampus 48 hours after it learns the location of some tasty food does not prevent it from forming a long-term memory of where the food is located. This best illustrates the importance of

memory consolidation.

Behaviorism was the view that psychology should scientifically study behavior without reference to

mental processes.

In the 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of

mental processes.

Without conscious reflection, people often yawn when they observe others yawning. Researchers are now considering whether this can be attributed to

mirror neuron activity

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution of scores is the

mode

Dr. Salvia is studying how happiness in late adulthood relates to a person's social network and social connectedness. Her approach is called

positive psychology

Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n)

positive reinforcer.

Previously learned information often facilitates our learning of new information. This phenomenon is called

positive transfer.

According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents ________ morality

preconventional

Thalamus:

Receives visual sensation information Receives touch sensation Receives auditory sensation information Receives taste sensation

Medulla

Regulates my heart rate during near miss accidents or when I am late and feeling rushed while driving. Increases my breathing when I am stressed by traffic or in a hurry.

Pituitary Gland

Regulates the release or hormones Regulates growth hormone

The tendency to hear the steady drip of a leaky sink faucet as if it were a repeating rhythm of two or more beats best illustrates

perceptual organization

Our biologically rooted temperament is most clearly an aspect of our enduring

personality.

The part of the brainstem that helps to coordinate movements is called the

pons

With assistance from the ________, the cerebellum coordinates ________.

pons; voluntary movement

Dr. Smith just reviewed an article that found a relationship between playing violent video games and childhood aggression. Dr. Smith would like to conduct a similar study to see if he obtains the same results. Dr. Smith is planning on ________ this study.

!replicating

Approximately what percentage of the cases represented by the normal curve fall between ‒3 and +3 standard deviations from the mean?

100

Approximately 95 percent of the cases represented by the normal curve fall within ________ standard deviation(s) from the mean.

2

When viewing 2500 slides of faces and places for 10 seconds, participants were able to recognize ________ percent of the slides

90

If IQ scores are normally distributed, having a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, approximately what percentage of people have IQ scores somewhere between 70 and 130?

95

Hippocampus:

Access memory for where I am driving to. Helps me access visual memory as I drive down the road.

Reticular Formation:

Aids with multitasking, Aids with arousal level

Pons:

Aids with sleep, helps with voluntary movement

Occipital Lobe, specifically the visual cortex:

Allows me to see inconsiderate drivers who don't use their blinker and cut me off. Visually receives information about the accident up ahead and communicates this information to other areas to help me slow down and take caution

The English theorist who first proposed evolutionary psychology was

Charles Darwin

One of the last century's most influential observers of children was the Swiss biologist

Jean Piaget.

Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

Mary Whiton Calkins

Delta waves are most clearly associated with ________ sleep.

NREM-3

Amygdala:

Processes Rage, Activates with emotional memories, Processes Fear

Juanita suffers from a painful back condition. Smoking marijuana would reduce her pain, but she thinks it would be wrong because it is prohibited by the laws of her state. Juanita is demonstrating Kohlberg's ________ level of morality.

conventional

Pons

coordinates movements while driving like turning my head and pushing on the brakes. Helps me avoid falling asleep at the wheel or is likely implicated when I am drowsy behind the wheel.

Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are

curiosity, skepticism, and humility

After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. This is called

debriefing.

Stimulants ________ appetite and ________ self-confidence.

decrease; increase

A statistically significant difference between two sample groups is NOT likely to be

due to chance variation within and between the sample groups.

Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective

evolutionary

After noting that a majority of professional basketball players are African-American, Ervin concluded that African-Americans are better athletes than members of other racial groups. Ervin's conclusion best illustrates the danger of

generalizing from vivid cases

When Sperling visually displayed three rows of three letters each for only one-twentieth of a second, research participants

had a momentary photographic memory of all nine letters

Medulla:

heart rate and breathing

Cerebellum

helps discriminate tectures Processes sounds, Helps modulate emotions Assists judgement of time

The Frontal Cortex

helps me analyze the road in front of me and actively plan how to drive through traffic. Aids in whether or not I stop for coffee on my way to class Aids in planning my trip home after class

Temporal lobe, specifically the Auditory cortex

helps me process the sounds of the sirens when an emergency vehicle is coming

Formulating testable predictions before conducting research is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error known as

hindsight bias.

In a single day, 45 babies were born in hospital X, 65 babies in hospital Y, and 25 babies in hospital Z. At which hospital is there the greatest probability that more than 60 percent of the babies are of the same sex?

hospital z

After receiving a placebo said to reduce the pain of her sprained ankle, Suzie is most likely to respond with a(n) ________ in her brain's release of ________,

increase; endorphins

To help think about the processes involved in memory, some memory researchers have developed

information-processing models

People should avoid back-to-back study times for learning Spanish and French vocabulary in order to minimize

interference.

Degeneration of the myelin sheath results in

multiple sclerosis

Information travels through axons that are bundled into the cables we call

nerves

Beginning in the 1920s, American psychologists such as John B. Watson emphasized the study of

observable behavior.

Whacking the water to boost feeding success became increasingly common among humpback whales observed over a 22-year period. This is best explained in terms of

observational learning

After one chimpanzee sees a second chimp open a box that contains a food reward, the first animal opens a similar box with great speed. This best illustrates

observational learning.

According to evolutionary psychologists, our predisposition to overconsume fatty junk foods most clearly illustrates that we are biologically prepared to behave in ways that promoted the ________ of our ancestors.

reproductive success

John has more difficulty hitting baseballs that are pitched to him than his classmates do because he was born blind in his right eye. His difficulty can best be attributed to his lack of the depth cue known as

retinal disparity

A concept that helps us to interpret ambiguous sensations is called a

schema

Dr. Renk would like to study the "hook up" culture among college students. To be able to generalize her findings to all college students, she needs a representative sample. To obtain such a sample, Dr. Renk should

seek a random sample of participants.

Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the need for

selective attention.

Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?

semicircular canals

Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli are called

sensory receptors.

A culturally modeled guide for how to act in particular situations is called a

social script.

Which brain structure receives information from all of the senses except smell?

thalamus

Jason lost his sense of taste due to a tumor that caused damage to a structure located on top of his brainstem. This structure is known as the

thalamus.

All of us visually read lips as part of our hearing. This is best illustrated by

the McGurk effect

One's sexual orientation refers to

the direction of one's sexual attraction.