PSYC 107 - Chapter 16

Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________

1954

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Adderall

Who developed client-centered therapy?

Carl Rogers

Brodman's area is 51.

False (25)

According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?

Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence

A "Token Economy" literally uses "tokens."

True

Behavioral therapies use principles of classical and operant conditioning.

True

Carl Rogers developed the "Client Centered" therapeutic approach.

True

Phenothiazines block neurotransmitter dopamine molecules from attaching to synaptic receptor sites.

True

Psychoanalytic therapy techniques were first developed by Sigmund Freud.

True

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time

The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________

a client's personal goals

What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy?

broke their backs

Which group is play therapy often used to treat?

children

In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________

client says whatever comes to mind at the moment

What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?

client's present and future

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy

client-centered

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________

depressing central nervous system activity

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client

free association

Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________

learning how to surf

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except________

manic episodes

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

overgeneralization

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

play therapy

Which therapeutic process involves the use of toys?

play therapy

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________

process of closing large asylums

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?

strategic

Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________

suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue

13.4%

Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness

26%

Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?

Dorothea Dix

What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services?

Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans

"Free Association" is a type of learning technique.

False

Group Therapy and Support Groups are two names for the same therapeutic technique.

False

ElectroConvulsive Therapy (ECT) is used with most cases of depression.

False (only severe cases)

Systematic desensitization is used to treat highly complex phobias.

False (simple phobias)

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious

What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?

No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another

Who developed psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings.

The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

active listening

Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

all-or-nothing thinking

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________

antidepressants

Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old?

anxiety disorder

________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders

asylums

_______ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness

atypical antipsychotics

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

behavior therapy

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive therapy

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?

group therapy

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors?

having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex

What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?

humanistic therapy

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs

intake

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

involuntary

Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is false?

it was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century

Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

jumping to conclusions

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?

psychiatric hospitals

_______ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas

rural areas

The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache

stimulants

For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?

stimulus hierarchy

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it.

the word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of therapist characteristics, culture, and preferences.

the word "therapist" should be changed to the word "client"

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

thoughts affect behavior

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________

token economy

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

unconditional positive regard

Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?

voluntary

How long does psychoanalysis typically take?

years