PSYC 150 13-16

_____ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.

Informational social influence

Which of the following provides evidence that there is a genetic component to schizophrenia?

It is observed in all cultures.

Sigmund Freud proposed that, beginning in childhood, people repress intolerable impulses, ideas, and feelings, and that this submerged mental energy sometimes produces mystifying symptoms, most notably _____.

anxiety

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (ADHD)

A(n) _____ is a learned tendency to evaluate some object, person, or issue in a particular way that may be positive, negative, or ambivalent.

attitude

Agnes is a graduate student in psychology who suffers from depression. She has been on antidepressants for years with marginal effect. Instead of taking additional medication or undergoing brain stimulation, her therapist recently encouraged her to review Stephen Ilardi's research on therapeutic lifestyle change. Agnes noticed that those who went through the 12-week training program performed all of the following EXCEPT:

avoiding omega-3 fatty acids.

Jaiden is an avid video game player. Some research demonstrates that Jaiden will:

both increased reaction time and improved visual-spatial skills.

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Claire uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Claire most clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa.

bulimia

Early one Halloween evening, Bart's friends asked him to join them in smashing their neighbors' decorative pumpkins. He complied. Later, he was surprised by his own failure to resist them when they asked him to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates the:

foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Barry is watching golf and sees Tiger Woods scowl after a missed putt. He would be making the fundamental attribution error if he assumed that he:

has an angry and volatile personality.

Bernidette is applying to graduate school and has several items she must turn in with her application, including letters of recommendation, GRE scores, transcripts, and a personal statement. Which of these is likely the BEST indicator of her potential for success in graduate school?

her academic transcripts

At her health club, Bonnie pedals an exercise bike much faster when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This best illustrates:

social facilitation.

As Bella is driving to campus one day another car cuts her off and speeds ahead. Immediately she yells out "Crazy driver!" not realizing that the person may be rushing to get to the hospital. Her judgment best illustrates:

the fundamental attribution error

When slave owners perceived slaves as innately lazy, ignorant, and irresponsible-as having the very traits that justified enslaving, what occurred?

the just-world phenomenon

Those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup are referred to as:

the outgroup.

Beth and Marsha have worked together for about a year. They work well together and both are advancing in the career. What can best explain why Beth and Marsha like each other?

the reward theory of attraction

According to Gordon Allport, personality should be described in terms of:

traits

Sigmund Freud thought that the part of a dream that people remember is a censored version of:

unconscious wishes.

Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a _____.

word salad

The introduction of therapeutic drugs and community-based treatment programs in the decade of the _____ helped to empty large mental hospitals as well as mark an era of improved treatments.

1950s

If a person has schizophrenia, the identical twin's chances of being similarly afflicted are about _____ if they did not share a placenta.

1:10

Aaron, a man in his 50s suffering from depression, is considering trying deep brain stimulation (DBS) to alleviate his symptoms. His review of the research, however, shows that there is a _____ percent chance that the treatment will not help at all.

30

_____ disorder is characterized by symptoms of unexplained and continually tense and uneasy feelings.

Generalized anxiety

Walter always seems to make judgmental comments about others, whether he is judging their clothing, the way they walk, the way they talk, etc. What might be a reason why Walter acts this way?

He has low self-esteem.

Kai watches as a student stumbles and drops her books in the hall. According to the fundamental attribution error, how would he explain the student's behavior?

She is a clumsy person.

Travis is on trial for attempted murder. He has pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity. A psychiatrist has testified that Travis has a psychological disorder affecting aggressive behavior. What is likely to happen?

The judge will give him a lighter sentence.

What might explain why, when asked controversial questions, students' answers are more diverse when using anonymous electronic clickers than when raising their hands?

The students may feel as though others in the class are observing their behavior.

Based on the research presented in the text, what is the most likely outcome experienced by children who frequently play violent video games?

They are more likely to engage in aggressive thoughts and behaviors.

Melissa and Amanda are taking several classes together, just by chance. Prior to the semester they did not know each other. What is likely to happen by the end of the term?

They will become close friends.

Erin tells her mother that when she talks with male classmates they regularly think she is flirting with them. Erin is upset by this and wants her mother's advice. What is her mother likely to say?

This is pretty common as about 70 percent of men mistake the friendliness of a woman as her flirting.

Before Rhonda left for college, she told her friend, Denise, that she thought sororities were filled with snobs and that she would never consider joining one. However, during Rhonda's first week on campus, a sorority member invited her to a social function and encouraged her to pledge. After Rhonda attended the party, she told Denise, "Sororities do a lot of good things for the community. They're really service organizations." Rhonda's change in attitude to match her behavior reflects:

cognitive dissonance.

Mary's husband has been cheating on her for the past several months by having an affair with another woman. While apparent to many of her friends, she is able to explain away evidence of his infidelity. According to Sigmund Freud, which defense mechanism is she using?

denial

Nineteen-year-old Tom has spent five hours a day playing violent video games since he was eight years old. According to research on the effects of violent video game usage, one can predict that Tom will likely:

display desensitization to violent images, as shown by blunted brain responses on an fMRI.

Eulalia stops for a cup of coffee and the waitress yells at her when she sits at a table that has not been cleared. She is convinced that she should find another line of work--one in which her angry personality traits will not interfere with her job. Eulalia is under the assumption that which of the following attributed to her behavior?

disposition

James usually does very well on tests, but he was up all night before his psychology midterm cleaning his flooded basement, and he therefore failed his exam. He tried to explain his situation to his teacher, but she thought that James' performance was caused by a tendency to avoid studying and she did not want to hear his excuse. The teacher incorrectly made a(n) _____ attribution about James' test performance. dispositional

dispositional

Juan was shopping for a new watch and the salesperson was pressuring him to spend money way above his financial limit. Juan attributed the behavior to the salesperson's pushy personality. Juan was attributing her behavior to _____ factors.

dispositional

The jury deliberated on the rape case for more than eight hours. Some of the jurors commented that the rape victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. These jurors said that by looking like that, she had been asking to be assaulted. Their opinion is best explained in terms of the:

just-world phenomenon.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and _____ of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.

lethargy

Maria has been invited to a new church by one of her closest friends. When she first attends, everyone seems so nice and friendly. She begins attending regularly. After a few weeks, sexual activity is discussed during one of the lectures where the women are told that they are forbidden to resist the sexual advances of any of the men associated with the church. Maria looks around and sees several women nodding their head in agreement but Maria feels extremely uncomfortable. At what point is Maria most likely to resist this teaching?

now, since it was first brought up

Considering the results of Solomon Asch's research, conformity to group judgments probably would be LEAST likely when:

participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers.

Thirty-five-year-old Lucy needs to have her blood drawn. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from a(n) _____.

phobia

Although Greg has accumulated many tickets for a wide range of traffic infractions, he complains all the time to family and friends about other peoples' driving. Sigmund Freud would describe this as _____, while today researchers would describe this as _____.

projection; false consensus effect

Joshua's history of romantic relationships influences his attitudes toward romantic relationships, which changes how he now responds to his current girlfriend. This is an example of:

reciprocal determinism

One of the biggest benefits of lithium is _____.

reducing suicide risk

Studies imply that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the:

scapegoat theory.

Aggressive behavior in males has been linked with low levels of _____ and high levels of _____.

serotonin; testosterone

Marla just told her father that she is a lesbian. Her father asks her to leave his house and never return. Marla has experienced

sexual orientation prejudice.

Charlie's friend yells at him for being five minutes late for lunch. Rather than believe his friend is a rude jerk, he decides that she may be having difficulties with her partner. Therefore, he makes a _____ about her behavior.

situational attribution

Clay would get angry very quickly when he was a teenager. Now he is in his 50's and it takes a lot to make him angry. What has changed?

His testosterone levels have decreased.

_____ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, whereas _____ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.

Normative social influence; informational social influence

Recent research seems to indicate that high stress and associated stress hormones tend to _____ memory.

enhance

This therapy assumes that no person is an island, and that people live and grow in relation to others, especially their families.

family therapy

Diane is concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense and irritable, impairs her concentration, and results in many sleepless nights. Diane suffers from a(n):

generalized anxiety disorder.

When people perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, this is called:

social facilitation

Mark, Jane, and Meagan are working on a class project together. Meagan finds that Mark is rarely available and that he has contributed minimally to the project. Meagan is experiencing the _____ of Mark.

social loafing

Lori decides to make a positive change in her life. Instead of going to work with a frown on her face, she will force herself to smile when she walks out the door. According to _____, by altering her behavior she stands a good chance of changing her attitude.

the attitudes-follow-behavior principle

After the attacks on the United States in 2001, some Americans boycotted Arab-American stores and lashed out at any Middle-Eastern person they saw. This behavior is best explained in terms of:

the scapegoat theory.

John is not a great golfer; he has only been playing golf for two years. One day, John was playing alone and a foursome in front of him told him he could play through. All four of the others watched him tee off. According to social facilitation research, what type of performance would you expect from John?

He will not perform well because of increased arousal.