PSYC 2000 Chapter 4

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer? A. Carl Jung B. John Hobson C. Rosalind Cartwright D. Sigmund Freud

C. Rosalind Cartwright

Which of these statements about Rosalind Cartwright is least true? A. Her analysis of dreams is not Freudian. B. Her ideas about dreams are supported empirically. C. She is a Jungian dream analyst. D. She is a sleep and dream researcher.

C. She is a Jungian dream analyst

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is least true? A. Sleep deprivation can result in decreased mental alertness and cognitive function. B. Sleep deprivation is associated with obesity. C. Sleep deprivation often results in ADHD. D. Sleep deprivation often results in depression-like symptoms.

C. Sleep deprivation often results in ADHD

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake? A. circadian rhythm B. consciousness C. jet lag D. sleep

D. sleep

Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnotism.

social-cognitive

How much time does a person spend sleeping, if they are among those in the U.S. who achieve the average life expectancy between 73 and 79 years?

25 years.

People often report that they have not been asleep if they are awoken during stage ____sleep. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

A. 1

Who described the collective unconscious? A. Carl Jung B. John Hobson C. Rosalind Cartwright D. Sigmund Freud

A. Carl Jung

An individual may suffer from ____ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing a. Central sleep apnea b. Obstructive sleep apnea c. Narcolepsy d. SIDS

A. Central sleep apnea

The ________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours. A. circadian B. homeostatic C. meta D. pineal

A. Circadian

Which of the following is an example of wakefulness?

Jemma, competing in a marathon

Which of the following is not a benefit associated with adequate amounts of sleep?

Less exposure to carcinogens.

A state of ___, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.

Meditation.

Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness? A. Carl Jung B. John Hobson C. Rosalind Cartwright D. Sigmund Freud

B. John Hobson

____ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function a. Growth hormone b. Melatonin c. LH d. ESH

B. Melatonin

Which of the following statements about sleep-wake cycles is least true? A. Brain areas involved in sleep-wake cycles include the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pons. B. Melatonin initiates the waking cycle. C. Sleep is associated with the secretion and regulation of a number of hormones. D. They are controlled by multiple brain areas acting together.

B. Melatonin initiates the waking cycle

Which of the following statements is most true? A. Frequent time shifting generally helps circadian rhythms. B. Melatonin-levels can impact sleep. C. Sleep rebound refers to the amount of time dreaming. D. Humans sleep around half of their total life span.

B. Melatonin-levels can impact sleep

NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________. A. associated with lucid dreaming. B. outside periods of REM sleep. C. that always occurs immediately after REM sleep. D. that overlaps REM sleep.

B. Ouside periods of REM sleep

Dr. Washington, a sleep researcher, looks at the EEG output of a participant from a sleep study. When Washington sees sleep spindles on the output, she indicates ___ on the paper. A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4

B. Stage 2

Which of the following least describes healthier sleeping patterns? A. Avoid worrying while lying in bed at night. B. Taking naps. C. Only use sleep aid medication sparingly. D. Limiting intake of caffeine.

B. Taking naps.

Sleepwalking is MOST likely to occur in _____.

NREM sleep

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm. A. axon B. biological C. heterostatic D. suprachiasmatic

B. biological

2. Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of _______

B. consciousness

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________. A. conscience. B. consciousness. C. REM sleep. D. unconsciousness.

B. consciousness

12. Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

B. depressant

During sleep, the pituitary glands secretes ___, which plays a role in physical growth and maturation as well as other metabolic processes.

Growth hormone.

Mescaline is considered a ___ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

Hallucinogenic.

Awareness of internal stimuli DOES NOT include ___.

Hearing the voice of a friend.

NREM sleep is a period of sleep ___.

Outside periods of REM sleep.

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

Sleep.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency."

The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased."

In the Chapter section "$.3 Stages of Sleep". which of the following was NOT listed as a Learning Objective?

Understand what is meant by consciousness.

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.

meditation

The sleep debt is the result of ________.

insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________.

An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

18. Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.

C. opioid

Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness?

John Hobson

Katia is experiencing a state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn't notice. This state was induced through ________.

hypnosis

What can you do to realign your biological clock with the external world when you work a rotating shift? A. Expose yourself to bright light while working. B. Surround yourself with darkness while working. C. Take a break every hour to exercise for five minutes. D. Take regular naps throughout the day.

A. Expose yourself to bring light while working

Which of the following is an example of wakefulness? A. Jena, competing in a marathon B. Mercy, unconscious after being hit on the head C. Petro, immediately before entering REM sleep D. Samuel, sleepwalking in the middle of the night

A. Jena, competing in a marathon

______ people need to spend ______ time sleeping than do ______ people. A. Older; less ; younger B. Younger ; less; older C. Older; more ; younger D. Younger ; the same amount of; older

A. Older; less; younger

Sudden muscle contractions while sleeping are called __________. A. Sleep spindles. B. Night terrors. C. RBDs D. K-complexes

A. Sleep spindles

Which of the following least describes a risk factor for SIDS? A. above average birth weight B. hyperthermia C. premature birth D. smoking in the home

A. above average birth weight

Shyla experiences a long delay between the time that she goes to bed and the time that she actually falls asleep. In addition, she wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty getting back to sleep. To diagnose Shyla with insomnia, it is necessary that she experiences these symptoms________. A. at least three nights a week for one month. B. even after taking medication. C. every time she attempts to sleep. D. three nights in a row.

A. at least three nights a week for one month

Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way? A. caffeine B. insomnia C. narcolepsy D. sugar

A. caffeine

An individual may suffer from __, if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing. A. central sleep apnea B. obstructive sleep apnea C. narcolepsy D. SIDS

A. central sleep apnea

The sleep cycle is an example of a(n) ________ rhythm. A. circadian B. external C. protoconscious D. stimulus

A. circadian

Sleep is considered to be an altered state of ________. A. consciousness. B. fusion. C. direction. D. climax.

A. consciousness

Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________. A. darkness ; light. B. light ; darkness. C. pulsing light ; steady light. D. twilight ; gloom.

A. darkness; light

Some nights Chang has problems falling asleep. Other nights, he wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty returning to sleep. Chang likely suffers from which sleep disorder? A. insomnia B. nightmare disorder C. narcolepsy D. sleepwalking

A. insomnia

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have? A. night terrors B.REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) C. restless leg syndrome D. sleep apnea

A. night terrors

An area of the brain that regulates sleep-wake cycles (clock-mechanism) is the _______. A. suprachiasmatic nucleus. B. amygdala. C. septum. D. cingulate gyrus.

A. suprachiasmatic nucleus

What occurs during stage 1 sleep? A. Both our respiration and heartbeat quicken. B. Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down. C. Our respiration quickens while our heartbeat slows down. D. Our respiration slows down while our heartbeat quickens.

B. Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down

Sleep apnea is defined by ________. A. a sense of panic in the sufferer often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape. B. episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops. C. uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep. D. unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experience during sleep

B. episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops

Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California in order to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________. A. external circadian B. jet lag C. night terrors D. parasomnia

B. jet lag

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? A. crying while asleep B. kicking and punching while asleep C. snoring while asleep D. talking while asleep

B. kicking and punchin while asleep

Which of the following is least associated as a benefit associated with adequate amounts of sleep? A. improving mood B. less exposure to carcinogens C. lower stress levels D. maintaining healthy weight

B. less exposure to carcinogens

17. Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?

B. methadone

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________. A. insomnia. B. narcolepsy. C. night terrors. D. restless leg syndrome.

B. narcolepsy

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________. A. lucid dreaming. B. parasomnias. C. protoconsciousness. D. somnambulism.

B. parasomnias

Sleep cycles repeat about every __ minutes, and the typical adult has______cycles per night. A. 60 ; six to seven B. 60 ; three to four C. 90 ; four to five D. 120 ; two to three

C. 90; four to five

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________. A. A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing. B. An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic. C. An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep. D. Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.

C. An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep

________ is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role. A. Insomnia B. NREM phase C. Parasomnia D. REM phase

C. Parasomnia

________ involves a virtual reality model of the world. A. Lucid dreaming B. Manifest content C. Protoconsciousness D. Stage 1 sleep

C. Protoconsciousness

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency." A. The word "alertness" should be changed to the word "vigilance." B. The word "consequences" should be changed to the word "benefits." C. The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased." D. The word "mental" should be changed to the word "biological."

C. The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased"

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________. A. chromotropes. B. chronologies. C. chronotypes. D. chromatins.

C. chronotypes

Which psychological perspective advocates that human sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness? A. cognitive behavioral B. dependent C. evolutionary D. Freudian

C. evolutionary

Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli. A. conscious B. epidermal C. external D. peripheral

C. external

When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________. A. circadian rhythms B. heterostasis C. homeostasis D. internal-external stimulus

C. homeostasis

Feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions are all examples of ________ stimuli. A. external B. hypnotic C. internal D. psychoactive

C. internal

Mark wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Mark is focused on the ________ content. A. biological B. circadian C. latent D. manifest

C. latent

Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and wakes herself up out of the bad dream. This is the typical example of ________ dreaming. A. external B. internal C. lucid D. stage 1

C. lucid

James was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. James may have ________. A. a stroke. B. damage to his K-complex. C. narcolepsy. D.REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).

C. narcolepsy

From a Freudian perspective, the purpose of dreams is to A. consolidate memories and new learning. B. sort through possible solutions to everyday problems. C. reveal the unconscious. D. discard unnecessary information.

C. reveals the unconscious

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________. A. falls asleep in the middle of the day B. sleeps more than 12 hours in a 24-hour period C. suffers from chronic sleep deprivation D. suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt

C. suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

Most adults need ______ hours of sleep per night. A. 4-5 B. 5-6 C. 6-7 D. 7-9

D. 7-9

Which of the following least describes a reason that investigators have described for the functions of sleep? A. Protection and survival such as predatory risks B. Restore energy resources C. Consolidation of newly formed memories D. Enhancement of ability to alter consciousness

D. Enhancement of ability to alter consciousness

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is least true? A. It can result in sleeping problems. B. It refers to a work schedule that changes from early to late on a regular basis. C. It renders the maintenance of a normal circadian cycle difficult. D. It will probably lead to substance abuse.

D. It will probably lead to substance abuse

Regarding sleep deprivation, which of the following statements is most true? A. Sleep deprivation is relatively uncommon. B. Sleep deprivation tends to affect older adults but not young adults of college age. C. People are generally unable to "rebound" from REM deprivation. D. Loss of sleep results in irritability.

D. Loss of sleep results in irritability

Regarding REM sleep, which of the following statements is least true? A. REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep. B. During REM sleep, muscle activity is blocked almost to the point of paralysis. C. REM deprivation can help some people treat major depression. D. Napping during the day helps maintain consistent REM cycles at night

D. Napping during the day helps maintain consistent REM cycles at night

The most common treatment for ___ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications a. Sleep apnea b. RBD c. SIDS d. Narcolepsy

D. Narcolepsy

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep. A. night terrors B. non-REM C. NREM D. REM

D. REM

Monica is having a long, detailed dream. In which stage of sleep is Monica most likely to be? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. REM

D. REM

Brenda has a sleep disorder in which she suddenly falls into "sleep attacks" during the daytime. What is the name of Brenda's disorder? A. REM sleep disorder B. Sleep apnea C. Sleep terror disorder D. Narcolepsy

D. Sleep terror disorder

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The brain's clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the pineal nucleus. A. The word "clock" should be changed to the word "chronometer." B. The word "clock" should be changed to the word "circadian." C. The word "nucleus" should be changed to the word "gland." D. The word "pineal" should be changed to the word "suprachiasmatic."

D. The word "pineal" should be changed to the word "suprachiasmatic"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A theta wave is a very high amplitude pattern of brain activity that may in some cases occur in response to environmental stimuli." A. The word "high" should be changed to the word "low." B. The word "theta" should be changed to the word "alpha." C. The words "environmental stimuli" should be changed to the words "sleep spindles." D. The words "theta wave" should be changed to the phrase "K-complex."

D. The words "theta wave" should be changed to the phrase "K-complex"

The sleep-wake cycle operates according to a(n) _________ cycle. A. anecdotal B. suprachiasmatic nucleus C. hypnogogic D. circadian

D. circadian

How many of the five stages of sleep are considered NREM sleep? A. one B. two C. three D. four

D. four

Joan is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content. A. Freudian B. Jungian C. latent D. manifest

D. manifest

In Freudian theory, the actual events that occur in a dream are referred to as its _________content, while the underlying meaning of a dream is its ______content. A. unconscious; conscious B. latent; manifest C. conscious; subconscious D. manifest; latent

D. manifest; latent

Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of ________ leg syndrome. A. agitated B. nervous C. RBD D. restless

D. restless

Hamid is a 9-1-1 operator. When the blizzard began, he was told he would have to stay and work three extra shifts to cover for coworkers who were not able to drive to work through the storm. After 32 hours of exhausting work, he makes it home and discovers he is unable to fall asleep no matter how hard he tries. Hamid may be experiencing ________. A. electroencephalography. B. K-complex stimulation. C. lucid dreaming. D. sleep rebound.

D. sleep rebound

Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________. A. hypersomnia. B. night terror. C. restless leg syndrome. D. somnambulism.

D. somnambulism

________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist.

dissociative

According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, hypnosis is ________.

effectively a dissociated state of consciousness

Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.

opioid

________ involves a virtual reality model of the world.

protoconsciousness

After having Valium prescribed to help you cope with job-related anxiety, you find a less stressful job and are anxiety-free, but you keep taking Valium because you like its effects. If you haven't increased the dosage and haven't experienced withdrawal symptoms when you have forgotten to take the Valium, then it is most likely that you are ________________.

psychologically dependent on Valium

In the chapter section "Insufficient Sleep", how much sleep is recommended for babies 0-3 months of age?

12-18 hours.

Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system? A. homeostasis B. insomnia C. melatonin D. rhythm

A. homeostasis

16. While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone.

A. hypnosis; meditation

Sleep apnea ___.

All of the above. (1) Is often diagnosed indirectly, when a person's sleeping partner indicates that they snore loudly and/or stop breathing for extended periods of time while sleeping (2) Is definied by episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops. (3) Is much more common in overweight people and is often associated with loud snoring. (4) May exacerbate (worsen) cardiovascular disease.

____ is another word for sleepwalking a. Insomnia b. Somnambulism c. Cataplexy d. Narcolepsy

B. Somnambulism

19. Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high?

B. feelings of intense elation and pleasure

The sleep debt is the result of ________. A. high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior. B. insufficient sleep on a chronic basis. C. the circadian rhythm. D. travel from one time zone to another.

B. insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

10. Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________

B. narcolepsy

1. Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

B. parasomnias

5. Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

C. evolutionary

3. When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve _______

C. homeostasis

9. Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.

C. latent

The hidden meaning of a dream is called the ________ content. A. alpha B. Freudian C. latent D. manifest

C. latent

7. Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming.

C. lucid

23. A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.

C. meditation

11. Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.

C. tolerance

The ____ plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep a. Hypothalamus b. Thalamus c. Pons d. Both a and b

D. Both a and b

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ____ a. GABA b. Glutamate c. Acetylcholine d. Dopamine

D. Dopamine

____ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks a. Light-dark exposure b. Coffee consumption c. Alcohol consumption d. Napping

D. Napping

6. Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

D. REM

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content? A. Carl Jung B. John Hobson C. Rosalind Cartwright D. Sigmund Freud

D. Sigmund Freud

____ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep a. Jet lag b. Rotating shift work c. Circadian rhythm d. Sleep debt

D. Sleep debt

Which of these statements about Rosalind Cartwright is false?

She is a Jungian dream analyst.

Sleepwalking is also referred to as ___.

Somnabulism.

A man has a dream about a train traveling through a tunnel, which represents his unhidden desire to engage in sexual intercourse. According to Freud's view of dreaming, what would be the latent content of this dream? A. sexual intercourse B. the train traveling through the tunnel C. his masculinity D. death

sexual intercourse

The ____ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream a. Latent b. Manifest c. Collective unconscious d. Important

A. Latent

The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep. A. alpha B. beta C. delta D. kappa

A. alpha

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

B. 2

____ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours a. Biological b. Circadian c. Rotating conscious

B. Circadian

LSD affects ____ neurotransmission a. Dopamine b. Serotonin c. Acetylcholine d. Norepinephrine

B. Serotonin

____ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks a. Melatonin b. Slow-wave sleep c. Sleep deprivation d. Growth hormone

B. Slow-wave sleep

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ____ sleep a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 and stage 4 d. REM sleep

B. Stage 2

22. ________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist.

B. dissociative

21. Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

B. hallucinogenic

8. Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?

B. kicking and punching while asleep

In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming. A. K-complex B. lucid C. REM D. theta wave

B. lucid

What hormone does the pineal gland release? A. insulin B. melatonin C. estrogen D. testosterone

B. melatonin

14. Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

B. psychological dependence

____ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug a. Withdrawal b. Psychological dependence c. Tolerance d. Reuptake

C. Tolerance

A theta wave is a type of ________. A. brain wave associated with critical thinking. B. brain wave associated with sleep spindles. C. low frequency, high amplitude brain wave. D. low frequency, low amplitude brain wave.

D. low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

People often report that they have not been asleep if they are awoken during Stage ___ sleep.

Stage 1

What would best explain your baby's breathing irregularly, making little sounds, and moving her eyes rapidly back and forth under closed lids?

The baby is most likely in the REM sleep stage

Which of the following was NOT listed among the many factors that contribute to insomnia?

Birth order.

According to our textbook, the meaning of dreams varies ___.

Both of the above. (1) Across different cultures (2) Across different periods of time.

Regarding sleepwalking disorder, which of the following statements is least true? A. Sleepwalking is cured by medication. B. Sleepwalking is the same as Sleep Behavior Disorder.. C. Awakening a sleepwalker can be harmful. D. Sleepwalkers eyes are open.

C. Awakening a sleepwalker can be harmful

____ is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy a. RBD b. CPAP c. Cataplexy d. Insomnia

C. Cataplexy

Symptoms of ___ may be improved by REM deprivation a. Schizophrenia b. Parkinson's disease c. Depression d. Generalized anxiety disorder

C. Depression

The body's biological clock is located in the ____ a. Hippocampus b. Thalamus c. Hypothalamus d. Pituitary gland

C. Hypothalamus

Other factors being equal, which of the following people should be hardest to awaken? A. Jane is in Stage 1 of sleep. B. Amy is in Stage 2 of sleep. C. John is in Stage 3 of sleep. D. Andy has just fallen asleep.

C. John is in Stage 3 of sleep

Growth hormone is secreted by the ____ while we sleep a. Pineal gland b. Thyroid c. Pituitary gland d. Pancreas

C. Pituitary Gland

____ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 and stage 4 d. REM sleep

C. Stage 3 and Stage 4

Deep sleep, which is characterized by delta brain wave patterns, occurs during ______ sleep. A. Stages 1 & 2 B. Stages 2 & 3 C. Stages 3 &4 D. Stages 2 & 4

C. Stages 3&4

20. Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnotism.

D. social-cognitive

15. Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

D. stimulant

13. Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

D. usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ___.

Homeostasis.

According to our textbook, ___ is the most common of the sleep disorders.

Insomnia.

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false? It can result in sleeping problems. It refers to a work schedule that changes from early to late on a regular basis. It renders the maintenance of a normal circadian cycle difficult. It will probably lead to substance abuse.

It will probably lead to substance abuse.

4. Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

A. circadian

24. Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

A. darkness; light

Which of the following are actual negative consequences of sleep deprivation, according to Figure 4 (Figure 4.5)?

All of the above. (1) Symptoms similar to ADHD (2) Impaired moral judgement (3) Tremors (4) Impaired immune system

Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way?

Caffeine.

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

sleep

__ refers to drug craving a. Psychological dependence b. Antagonism c. Agonism d. Physical dependence

A. Psychological dependence