psyc 230 poll everywhere

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples?

When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

In the "word list" false memory experiment where several students incorrectly remembered hearing the word sleep, false memory occurs because of

constructive memory processes.

During a particularly boring lecture, you carefully note the time on a clock that is mounted on the side wall of the classroom while keeping your eyes fixated on the professor's face. This is an example of a

covert attention

The interactionist approach to parsing states that

semantics is activated as a sentence is being read.

Which of the following sentences would a person with Broca's aphasia be most likely to misunderstand?

"The woman was kissed by the dog."

"Kitchen tables" consists of morphemes.

3

morphemes in cute dogs?

3

Each of the following items may grab your attention, which would be due to the phenomenon of Attentional Control Settings?

???

A fan of science fiction television shows would be more likely to make sense of the phrase "Start Wreck In Tore Prize" (Star Trek Enterprise) This demonstrates the importance of _____ `

???`

Which of the following abilities would be least affected in an individual with Aphantasia?

Ability to filter out irrelevant sensory stimulus (cocktail party phenomenon)

Which is the best summary of the conclusion from the Greebles study?

Activation of the FFA is related to expertise for a given type of visual stimulus rather than faces explicitly

Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?

Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night.

You are studying perception of pitch and you hypothesize that a high pitched sound will be processed more quickly than a low pitched sound, which of the below methods should you use? `

ERP

A patient suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome, such as "Jimmy G" who is described in your text, would be able to do which of the following activities without difficulty?

Fill in blanks to create words from a list he saw previously

Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory?

I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.

Which is true of the DRM False memory paradigm completed in a Coglab and used by John in his research?

It is effective producing false memories with both words and images.

what is the difference between STM and WM

WM highlights the ability to manipulate the information

Which is considered to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?

Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection

In thew pattern separation task, replying that a Lure is Old would indicate ________ and a failure of ________.

Pattern completion; Pattern seperation

Stephanie's research suggests that older adults deficits in pattern recognition are related to what?

Perceptual similarity of lures

The episodic buffer directly connects to which two components in Baddeley's model of memory?

The central executive and long-term memory

Which of the following is true of voluntarily directed, but NOT reflexively captured attention?

The effects on visual processing are long lasting

You are conducting a study on how fluency influences the phonemic restoration effect. You study two groups of non-native English speakers, one with a year of English classes and the other with 10 years. All of your stimuli are in English. Who would you expect to show the greatest phonemic restoration effect?

The group with 10 years of English instruction

Older adults have intact _________ but have problems with ________.

Traditional Recognition; Pattern Separation

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)

a novel obj

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale. He cursed at it." These TWO sentences taken TOGETHER provide an example of a(n)

anaphoric inference.

In some dichotic listening experiments, it was noticed that even though the person wasn't processing the unattended message, they still often recognized when their name was said. This lead to the proposal of which attentional theory?

attenuation theory

explicit is to implicit as

aware; unaware

Which word would you expect to be most readily available in the average persons mental lexicon?

banana

A drug that blocks the sodium gates of a neuron's membrane will ____.

block action potential

In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Participants in the group had the fastest response time.

bread and buutter

The typical purpose of subgoals is to

bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when

color and name differed

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10 percent after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to ____ , but later research showed that it was actually due to _____.

decay; interference

The incidence of change blindness _____ when a cue is added to the scene that indicates which part of the scene has changed

decreases

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds

decreases the recency effect.

Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The purpose of this experiment was to

demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems

who was the first cognitive psychologist to demostrate that it is possible to quantitatively study the mind by performing reaction time experiments?

donders

You receive a text message that reads "My steak eaten up by the broccoli". Which word would lead to a P600 for you?

eaten

The MMN ERP component suggest that the duration of ______ memory may last ~10secs.

echoic

"I remember being really excited last year, when my college team won the national championship in basketball." This statement is an example of memory.

episodic

Josiah is trying to decide whether or not to take a new job in a new city. He is worried that if he takes the job and fails, he will suffer from intense anxiety and depression. This is an example of

expected emotion

A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that

extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate.

Suppose you are interested in determining if the volume of the hippocampus is associated with the amount of stress a person was experiencing. Which method would be the best choice?

fmri

olyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. They found the version to be more effective, because it had features in common with the radiation problem.

fragile-glass; structural

Phineas Gage had damage to his _____ lobe, which explains his ______.

frontal lobe, impulsive behavior

which of the following are examples of physical regularities in the environment except

hangers in a changing room of a department store

A bottom-up process is involved in fixating on an area of a scene that

has high stimulus salience.

Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves

heuristic search

kosslyns viewing distance study (large and small animals) is evidence to support....

imagery works like perception and must be spatial

While watching Pretty Woman (1990), you fail to notice when Vivian (Julia Roberts) begins to reach for a croissant that suddenly turns into a pancake. This is an example of a continuity error, which can be a "real-life" example of _____ if you do not notice the switch.​

inattentional blindness

Cuing studies that use an central instructional cue to direct participants' attention to a target location, demonstrate that attention ______.

increases the speed and accuracy of responses to the targe

In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty.

initial

In the "ultimatum game" experiment revealed that people tended to make the ____ decision of ____, particularly when they thought they were playing against a real person, rather than a computer.

irrational; accepting only high offers

the analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between

lab and real world settings

the textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is

latent inhibition

With Cherry's shadowing experiments, some participants notice their name or other important (to them) information in the unattended channel. This suggested that attention follows more of a _______ stage model than ________ originally suggested.

later; broadbent

Language is lateralized to the ______ hemisphere regions surrounding the ________________.

left; sylvian fissure

in an attentional blink paradigm, at the end of each trial, participants respond _____ to a 2nd target presented quickly after the 1st

less accurately

By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

make a decision about the stimulus

Which of the below is TRUE of Dendrites?

many for one neuron

which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most important for the sense of touch?

parietal lobe

Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they

plotted functions that described the operation of the mind.

Which of the theories of information coding would involve the greatest proportion of neurons in a population firing?

population

what is not part of the process for neural firing?

potassium diffuses through the cell body and out through the dendrites

group a memorizes a list of words relating to running, group b is memorizing a list of slow moving animals. your friend walks slower after this... due to...

priming

A person with Wernicke's aphasia _____

produces fluent but incoherent speech

If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the in the receptor's axon.

rate of nerve firing

the primacy effect is attributed to

recall of info stored in LTM

B.F. Skinner, the modern champion of behaviorism, proposed that language is learned through

reinforcement

Suppose you have been studying your French vocabulary words for several hours and are making many mistakes. You switch to reviewing the new terms for your upcoming biology test, and your performance is noticeably better. You are experiencing

release from proactive interference.

which memory activity would clive wearing have the most trouble completing?

remembering what happened on his bday the year after the brain injury

which of the following would be store in visual STM?

rotating a 3D image in your head

Which task should be easier? Keeping an image of a block letter "F" in your mind AND

saying "yes" for each corner that is an inside corner and "no" for each corner that is an outside corner?

The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from

seeing more efficient solutions to the problem

the predominant type of coding in LTM is

semantic

not an implicit mem

semantic mem

cant remember telephone numbers and a digit span impairment. which type of memory is impaired?

short term memory

many ppl still remember the surroundings vividly when they heard about the 9/11 event. however researchers suggested that these memories have ____ accuracy than/as everyday memories bc emotions

similar

which of the following does not lead to deeper levels of processing?

simple sentences

Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the ________ problem.

source

Wei went to an allergy specialist, but he wasn't given a prescription. Instead, he was advised to buy an over-the-counter medicine. While at the specialist, he read a magazine where he saw three ads for SneezeLess. Later, in a drug store, Wei says to his brother, "My doctor says SneezeLess works great. I'll buy that one." Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess. Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors?

source monitorign

Many people receive unsolicited calls from telemarketers or unwanted "junk" mailers advertising offers for products such as cable or internet services or cellular phone companies. Most people do not consider these offers and do not make a change to the plans or services that they receive because they do not want to make a decision that requires serious consideration or thought. This is an example of the bias.

status quo

People tend to fixate first on high contrast or unique (relative to the surrounding area) points in a visual scene. This is a result of _____ and is a _____ process.

stimulus salience; bottom-up

H.M.'s case has been extremely informative to psychologists by demonstrating that

stm can operate normally while ltm is impaired

The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. Therefore, the two problems have very different

surface features

Yoda, a central character of the Star Wars movies created by George Lucas, has a distinctive way of speaking. His statement, "Afraid you will be," violates which aspect of the English language?

syntax

which word would you expect to be least readily available in the average persons mental lexicon?

taupe

An area in the _____ called the _____ is specialized to recognize faces.

temporal lobe; FFA

what 2 areas does the longitudinal fissure separate?

the L and R hemisphere

Which of the following is NOT part of the gestalt principles of organization??

the belief that the whole is equal to the sum of parts

The dramatic case of patient H.M. clearly illustrates that is crucial for the formation of LTMs.

the hippocampus

Your text discusses how episodic and semantic memories are interconnected. This discussion revealed that when we experience events,

the knowledge that makes up semantic memories is initially attained through a personal experience based in episodic memory.

Research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates that

the main effect of cell phone use on driving safety can be attributed to the fact that attention is used up by the cognitive task of talking on the phone.

Lexical ambiguity studies show that people access ambiguous words based on

the meaning dominance of each definition of the word.

The word-length effect reveals that

the phonological loop of the working memory model has a limited capacity.

which of the following sentences would a person with broca's aphasia be most likely to misunderstand?

the woman was high-fived by the child

Which stage of the perceptual process is knowledge/top-down processing LEAST likely to influence?

transsduction

a researcher had participants read each of the sentences below and measured the time it took to read each sentence. Trial 1: The lamb ran past the cottage into the pasture. Trial 2: The dog ran past the house into the yard. The participants' response times would likely be longer for ____ because of the _____ effect.

trial 1; word frequency

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?

two string problem

You conduct an experiment in which you expose a rat repeatedly to a 440 Hz tone and an electric shock. After a few trials, the rat begins to show signs of fear in response to the tone. In this paradigm, the electric shock is the ________ while the tone is the ________.

unconditioned stimulus ; conditioned stimulus

If a person has a digit span of 15, this indicates that he has ___________ memory.

v good STM

People tend to overestimate

what negative feelings will occur following a decision more so than positive feelings.

df has damage to her ____ pathway which resulted in poor performance on the task that required ___

what; rotating a card to match orientation of a slot

what is an example of echoic memory?

when you realize what your friend said just after you said what

your bro sees u talking through a bluetooth and the news is also playing on tv. what is he likely to observe

you can remember the details of the friend's convo