psyc 2314 chap 5
hildren who understand morphology rules use all of the following parts of speech, EXCEPT Multiple choice question. articles. conjunctions. plural nouns. possessive nouns.
B
An increase in height and an increase in _____ are the two most obvious physical changes that occur during early childhood years.
weight
Rebecca, a six-year-old girl, is very good at carrying on conversations with people. Her two-year-old brother Jack is not very good at carrying on conversations. This is primarily due to an increased understanding of Multiple choice question. practicality. systems. structure. pragmatics.
D
Television watching during mealtimes has a ______ effect on a child's eating habits. Multiple choice question. positive unknown neutral negative
D
The main cause of death in children ages 1 through 4 is ______. Multiple choice question. chromosomal abnormalities congenital malformations deformations accidents
D
The second stage of Piaget's cognitive theory of development lasts from ages 2 to 7 and is called the Multiple choice question. concrete operational stage. formal operational stage. sensorimotor stage. preoperational stage.
D
The theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, and information processing are major theories of ______ development in early childhood. Multiple choice question. evolutionary physiological psychoanalytic cognitive
D
The second stage of Piaget's cognitive theory of development lasts from ages 2 to 7 and is called the Multiple choice question. preoperational stage. formal operational stage. concrete operational stage. sensorimotor stage.
A
What part of the brain grows at the highest rate in early childhood (between the ages of 3 and 6)? Multiple choice question. Temporal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe
B
Which of the following is a government program that provides lower socioeconomic status children in the United States with skills for school success? Multiple choice question. No Child Left Behind Head Start Reggio Emilia Montessori
B
What is one of the hallmark aspects of the intuitive thought substage in Piaget's preoperational stage? Multiple choice question. Symbolic thinking Abstract reasoning Rational thought Primitive reasoning
D
Engagement in pretend play and the ability to represent objects that are not present are associated with the symbolic function substage, which is the first substage of the _______ stage of cognitive development. Multiple choice question. sensorimotor concrete operational formal operational preoperational
D
Young children learn early to place a wh- word at the beginning of a sentence when properly asking a question. This shows advances in Multiple choice question. pragmatics. semantics. literacy. syntax.
D
______ attention supports the rapid increases in effortful control involving action planning and allocating attention to goals during the toddler and preschool years. An increased appreciation of their surroundings, helps children prolong their ______ attention. Multiple choice question. Joint; executive Sustained; executive Joint; sustained Executive; sustained
D
The preoperational thought substage that is called _____ thought is considered the period when children seek answers to all sorts of questions.
intuitive
According to Piaget, the first substage of preoperational thought is the Blank 1 Blank 2 substage, in which the child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present.
symbolic function
Preschool children learn and apply the more advanced grammar rules of _____ , which involves how words should be ordered in a sentence.
syntax
Literacy development among children is helped when children Multiple select question. can learn to read and write in supportive environments. already have a positive view of books when being taught how to read and write. have many chances to practice writing, reading, talking, and listening. practice reading only at school with trained literacy professionals and never at home.
A B C
Which of the following activities factor into children's literacy abilities? Multiple select question. Listening Writing Talking Sleeping Reading
A B C E
Which of the following are examples of gross motor skills acquired in childhood? Multiple select question. Jumping Climbing Assembling a simple jig-saw puzzle Running
A B D
Which of the following are major cognitive theories of development that address the early childhood years? Multiple select question. Information processing theory Reggio Emilia's theory Vygotsky's theory Piaget's theory
A C D
Which of the following statements best describe child-centered kindergartens? Multiple select question. Child-centered kindergartens emphasize play. Child-centered kindergartens downplay firsthand experiences. Child-centered kindergartens focus on the process of learning, not on what is learned. Child-centered kindergartens see children as individuals with their own developmental patterns of growth.
A C D
Which of the following statements best describe the key elements of Piaget's second stage of cognitive development? (Select all that apply) Multiple select question. Children form stable concepts and begin to reason. Children continue to be egocentric and have magical beliefs. Children are able to understand the concept of reversibility. Children are able to use words to describe their world.
A D
As Trevor learns about long division, his mother first needs to help him a lot. She gradually decreases the level of support as Trevor's ability in this area grows. This is an example of ________. Multiple choice question. appropriate limiting scaffolding proximal assistance frameworking
B
The contemporary theory of cognitive development that focuses on a child's attention, memory, and problem-solving skills is called Multiple choice question. social-cultural processing. information processing. problem-solving. behavioral processing.
B
The theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, and information processing are major theories of ______ development in early childhood. Multiple choice question. evolutionary cognitive physiological psychoanalytic
B
Vygotsky's theory of child development includes which of the following premises? Multiple select question. Children primarily develop cognitive skills through their interactions with the physical world. Children actively construct their knowledge and understanding. Children's cultural environment influences their thinking process. Children develop cognitive skills through societal tools.
B C D
What statements best describe the advances in pragmatics in early childhood? Multiple select question. Young children struggle with cultural issues related to speech. Young children are able to present competent narratives. Young children can adapt their speech based on their setting. Young children can learn rules regarding politeness in conversations.
B C D
Which of the following statements best describe the curriculum controversy in early childhood education? Multiple select question. Some experts believe the programs do not put enough pressure on children to achieve. One side advocates for a focus on academics through the direct instruction approach. Some experts advocate for a focus on a both cognitive and socioemotional development, not just cognitive development. Some experts advocate for a child-centered, constructivist approach.
B C D
Which of the following guidelines assist parents in teaching proper eating habits to their children? Multiple select question. Allowing the child to bring a favorite toy to the table Maintaining a breakfast, lunch, and dinner routine Modeling healthy eating habits Having the television on during dinner Preparing a balanced meal with proper representation of the major food groups
B C E
Some experts believe that early childhood education programs should focus on both cognitive development and ______ development in order to meet all of a child's needs. Multiple choice question. cultural physical socioemotional nutritional
C
The contemporary theory of cognitive development that focuses on a child's attention, memory, and problem-solving skills is called Multiple choice question. problem-solving. behavioral processing. information processing. social-cultural processing.
C
What are the two aspects of attention that develop in early childhood? Multiple select question. Extended attention Novel attention Executive attention Sustained attention
C D
True or false: When children are demonstrating knowledge of the rules of morphology, overgeneralization DOES NOT occur. True false question. True False
F Reason: Overgeneralization occurs
True or false: Compared to Piaget's theory of children's cognitive development, Vygotsky's theory posits children as social creatures who develop their thinking through social interaction. True false question. True False
T
Child- _____ kindergartens focus on educating the whole child by focusing on his or her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional needs.
centered
In children from 3 to 6 years of age, the most rapid brain growth takes place in the _____ lobe areas involved in planning and organizing new actions and in maintaining attention to tasks.
frontal
Project Blank 1 Blank 2 is a U.S. government-funded program that provides education for low-income children to acquire the necessary skills for success in school.
head start
The Blank 1 Blank 2, approach is a cognitive model that focuses on children's attention, memory, and problem-solving abilities.
information processing
The zone of proximal development is clearly linked to Blank 1, another concept from Vygotsky, which is defined as a changing level of support from a more skilled person like a parent or teacher.
scaffolding