Psyc 260 Exam 2 Practice

You think that the solution provided to a problem in your text book is not accurate. However, you agree to the solution when your instructor explains it to you by providing additional details. This act of changing opinions by conforming to people whom we believe have accurate details is called _____. a. informational conformity b. conditional conformity c. normative conformity d. public conformity

a. informational conformity

Anyone who is elected to be the president of United States will have certain constitutional powers. This statement indicates the _____ power of the president of United States. a. legitimate b. reward c. referent d. expert

a. legitimate

Certain positions grant powers to the individuals occupying the positions. Such powers are called _____ powers. a. legitimate b. reward c. referent d. expert

a. legitimate

Lisa wears business formals during official meetings though she dislikes wearing them. This is an example of _____ conformity. a. normative b. informational c. minority d. private

a. normative

As the number of people in the majority increase, _____. a. pressure exerted on minority will decrease b. majority will increase conformity c. personal conformity will increase d. minority influence will become stronger

b. majority will increase conformity

Darren is the mayor of a city in the United States. He analyzes social situations vigilantly and fully before making decisions. This tendency to think carefully and fully about social situations is called _____. a. cognitive accessibility b. need for cognition c. correspondence bias d. social attribution

b. need for cognition

Information that we learn first about a person is weighted more heavily than on our impressions of that person than is information that comes later. This refers to the _____. a. covariation principle b. primacy effect c. incremental effect d. central traits principle

b. primacy effect

People with _____ power influence others because they can lead those others to identify with them. a. legitimate b. referent c. reward d. expert

b. referent

Brian heads a team of 16 electrical engineers in an infrastructure company. Brian takes credit for his team's performance if the team performs well and blames the employees if the team performs poorly. Brian's behavior exemplifies _____. a. fundamental attribution b. self-serving attribution c. primacy attribution d. incremental attribution

b. self-serving attribution

In the seminal Milgram (1963) obedience to authority study, what percentage of participants obeyed the authority figure to the very end? a. 20% b. 37% c. 67% d. 76% e. 95%

c. 67%

_____ model of leadership effectiveness is a model that focuses on both person variables and situational variables. a. Contingency b. Trait c. Behavioral d. Personality

a. Contingency

Identify the events that refer to fundamental attribution error. Event 1: Overestimating the role of person factors Event 2: Overlooking the impact of situations Event 3: Making more personal attributions for the behavior of others than for oneself Event 4: Making situational attributions for one's own behaviors than for the behavior of others a. Events 1 and 2 b. Events 3 and 4 c. Events 1 and 3 d. Events 2 and 4

a. Events 1 and 2

Which of the following powers is an informational influence based on the fundamental desire to obtain valid and accurate information? a. Expert power b. Referent power c. Legitimate power d. Reward power

a. Expert power

____ power is based on who we believe has the most accurate information, whereas ___ power is a function of one's official title/job/position. a. Expert; legitimate b. Reward; coercive c. Legitimate; referent d. Referent; expert

a. Expert; legitimate

You observed that your classmate laughs at the professor's joke (you didn't hear the joke). You want to know whether the laugh is due to the situation (the prof's joke) or the classmate's personality. In what arrangement must the three variables of Kelley's (1967) Covariance Theory be in order for you to attribute the behavior (laugh) to your classmate's personal traits? a. Low Consensus, Low Distinctiveness, High Consistency b. High Consensus, High Distinctiveness, High Consistency c. High Consensus, Low Distinctiveness, Low Consistency d. High Consensus, High Distinctiveness, Low Consistency

a. Low Consensus, Low Distinctiveness, High Consistency

Kelly and Rudy contested an election to become the director of an interest group. Mary, a newer member of the group, voted for Kelly merely because most members supported Kelly. Which of the following influenced Mary's behavior in this situation? a. Majority influence b. Referent influence c. Minority influence d. Legitimate influence

a. Majority influence

The ability to evaluate, understand, and predict the behaviors of others is known in social psychology as ___. a. Person perception b. Casual attribution c. Dispositional attribution d. Personality attribution e. None of the above

a. Person perception

I often "went the extra mile" for my grad school advisor because he was a stand-out researcher in the field of Social Psychology and because I respected him a great deal. My behavior was likely due to... a. Referent power b. Coercive power c. Legitimate power d. Simulated power

a. Referent power

According to the self-serving bias, if I get fired from my job, I will most likely make a(n): a. Internal attribution b. Inaccurate attribution c. Situational attribution d. Personality attribution

c. Situational attribution

Which of the following is not a type of power identified by French and Raven? a. Simulated power b. Expert power c. Coercive power d. Legitimate power

a. Simulated power

Identify a situation (below) that exemplifies the use of EXPERT power. Situation 1: Lindsay, member of a charitable organization, influences the other members with her knowledge. Situation 2: Nichole, the captain of a ship, commands the ship's crew. Situation 3: Joseph, a psychology professor, awards good grades to obedient students. Situation 4: Tina, a social worker, is respected by thousands of people. a. Situation 1 b. Situation 2 c. Situation 3 d. Situation 4

a. Situation 1

Choose the correct answer based on the following observations. Observation 1: Thomas fails to solve a puzzle. Observation 2: Most of Thomas's friends also failed to solve the puzzle. a. Situational attribution is likely if both the observations are true. b. Personal attribution is likely if both the observations are true. c. External attribution is likely if observation 1 is true and observation 2 is false. d. Internal attribution is likely if both the observations are false.

a. Situational attribution is likely if both the observations are true.

Which of the following factors reduced the overall conformity observed in the Asch (1952) line studies? a. The presence of another person who gave the correct answer b. A public answering system c. A lack of motivation on the part of the participant d. A strong sense of duty on the part of the participant e. All of the above

a. The presence of another person who gave the correct answer

Dr. Martinez is interviewing candidates for a research assistant position. Her job ad describes how she requires her RAs to be very calm. Therefore, when she interviews Caleb and he is very hyperactive, she quickly makes an internal attribution. She is sure that Caleb is a hyperactive type of person because he has defied the expectation laid out by the job ad. Which of the following theories best accounts for Dr. Martinez making this type of attribution for Caleb's fidgety behavior? a. Theory of Correspondent Inferences (Jones & Davis, 1965) b. Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger, 1957) c. Covariation Theory (Kelley, 1967) d. Field Theory (Lewin, 1936) e. Balance Theory (Heider, 1943)

a. Theory of Correspondent Inferences (Jones & Davis, 1965)

Four organizational tasks of varying difficulty and importance to the organization are shown below. Task 1: high difficulty & low importance to organization Task 2: high difficulty & high importance to organization Task 3: low difficulty & low importance to organization Task 4: low difficulty & high importance to organization Identify the tasks that will be characterized by lower levels of conformity. a. Tasks 1 and 2 b. Tasks 3 and 4 c. Tasks 1 and 4 d. Tasks 3 and 2

c. Tasks 1 and 4

"Thin slicing" involves creating impressions of others using very brief amounts of information. Ambady & Rosenthal (1993) exposed participants to 30 seconds of video of college instructors and then had them rate the instructors' traits. They compared those ratings to ratings completed by students of the instructors and found that the two sets of personality trait ratings correlated at r = .76. This finding can be interpreted as meaning: a. That people form objectively correct impressions of others in a very short period of time b. That there is a very weak relationship between the two sets of ratings c. That people's initial impression may not change very much over time without some reason for it to change d. That these instructors were bad professors

c. That people's initial impression may not change very much over time without some reason for it to change

How can a minority best influence a majority, according to the findings of Moscovici's (1969) slide-color studies? a. Each member of the minority should give one of the answers that the majority would not likely give b. The minority should appeal to the majority's central attitudes c. The minority should be highly consistent with one another in their responses d. Moscovici found that a minority cannot influence a majority in an unambiguous setting

c. The minority should be highly consistent with one another in their responses

Under which of the following circumstances is conformity most likely to occur? a. Individuals have high levels of reactance. b. Individuals are motivated to be accurate. c. The situation is ambiguous. d. There are dissenting opinions.

c. The situation is ambiguous.

Why is it that physical characteristics like height, build, skin color, hair color, gait (and many other factors like these) readily contribute to our first impression of a new person? a. These are the most important factors to our culture b. These factors are stereotypical and thus important c. These factors are the most salient pieces of information d. These are the factors that provide the most information about that person e. None of the above

c. These factors are the most salient pieces of information

Arun is on Franklin Street celebrating after UNC beats dOOk again. Everybody is packed tightly into the area. After a while, Arun starts behaving similarly to those around her - doing things that she would normally not do - like jumping over a fire in the middle of the street. Which of the following psychological factors explains why Arun might behave this way? a. Increased arousal from the celebrating b. Deindividuation c. Increased reactance from the tight spot d. A & B e. B & C

d. A & B

In the US Army, superiors have the power to punish or downgrade their subordinates. This power is an example of _____. a. coercive power b. reward power c. referent power d. expert power

a. coercive power

Which of the following are examples of how evolution has made humans sensitive to threat? a. Threat is perceived particularly quickly in the faces of others b. By default, we assume all strangers are threatening, as a defense mechanism c. People who are threatening are likely to create strong emotional responses d. All of the above e. A and C only

e. A & C only

Certain organizational positions give powers to individuals who occupy the positions regardless of the personal characteristics of people occupying the positions. Such powers are examples of referent powers. a. True b. False

false

True or False: A group of 12 people will exert double the normative pressure (social influence) over passersby than will a group of 6 people.

false

True or False: A manager concludes that an employee's good performance is attributed to his hard work. The manager is making a situational attribution here.

false

True or False: Both men and women are more likely to conform on topics that they know a lot about.

false

True or False: It is possible to be a non-conformist and still interact with other humans.

false

True or False: The increase in the amount of conformity that is produced by adding new members to the majority group is lesser for initial majority members than it is for later members.

false

True or False: Morris is the project manager of a software development company. He fails to complete a project on time. He thinks that delay occurred due to his inability to manage resources though he was not given necessary resources to complete the project. Morris is making a fundamental attribution error.

true

True or False: People with referent power have an ability to influence others because they can lead those others to identify with them.

true

True or False: Two important evolved human motivations for our desire and ability to understand others are the motivation to see the self in a positive light (i.e., self- enhancement) and the motivation to be with others (i.e., affiliation).

true

Name three more factors that were present in the Stanford Prison Study that drove the extreme behavior.

1. commitment pressure among guards 2. coercive power 3. lack of ally for resistance among prisoners

Joseph works as a shipping supervisor in a transportation company. He reports to Anthony, the warehouse manager of the company. Anthony occupies the formal position of Joseph's boss. Which of the following is the power that Anthony obtains from this position of authority? a. Reward power b. Expert power c. Legitimate power d. Referent power

C. Legitimate power

Ambady & Rosenthal's (1993) research implies that first impressions will likely... a. persist, even with some additional interactions with that other person b. change, even without additional interactions with that other person c. change, after some additional interactions with that other person d. persist, as long as they don't interact with that other person again e. Ambady & Rosenthal's (1993) research does not shed light on this question

a. persist, even with some additional interactions with that other person

Peter Harrison is the project manager of a mining company. He notices that one of his subordinates has been coming late to work frequently. Peter concludes that this behavior is due to the subordinate's lack of interest in the job. Peter is making a(n) _____ attribution here. a. personal b. external c. situational d. covariant

a. personal

Baron, Vandello, & Brunsman (1996) investigated the relationship between conformity and task importance & difficulty. They found that conformity was highest when... a. A task was very important and very easy b. A task was very important and very hard c. The effect was the same for both of the above d. Cannot tell from this information

b. A task was very important and very hard

Which of the following is NOT typically a reason why someone would engage in normative conformity? a. Group acceptance b. Disambiguation c. Maintain cohesion d. Social status e. None of the above

b. Disambiguation

Anderson maintains good relationships with most of his colleagues. However, he fights often with Ruth. Because of his good behavior with them, Anderson's colleagues do not believe that Anderson is responsible for his conflicts with Ruth. What kind of covariation information has caused this belief? a. Consistency information b. Distinctiveness information c. Consensus information d. Agreement information

b. Distinctiveness information

Identify the events that refer to informational conformity. Event 1: Arthur, the spokesperson of a political party, openly supports the views that his party endorses, although he does not agree with the views. Event 2: Julia believes her lawyer completely on issues related to legal procedures. Event 3: Albert limits his speed to 65 miles/hour when riding on a freeway to conform to the speed limitations. Event 4: Viewers of a news channel tend to believe the opinions of the reporters. a. Events 3 and 4 b. Events 2 and 4 c. Events 1 and 4 d. Events 2 and 3

b. Events 2 and 4

According to Dweck's findings on mindsets, in college, it's better to be an ___ theorist because ___. a. Entity (fixed); you can better adapt to new or challenging tasks b. Incremental (growth); you can better adapt to new or challenging tasks c. Flexible; you can be more creative in problem-solving d. Fixed (entity); you can rely on your natural capacity to persevere through challenges e. None of the above

b. Incremental (growth); you can better adapt to new or challenging tasks

The negativity bias has evolved because it serves (among others) this key function... a. It brings balance to our psychological lives b. It promotes survival c. It promotes mating by making us aware of our mate's mood d. It reduces dissonance and promotes homeostasis e. None of the above

b. It promotes survival

Which of the following is an example of the Fundamental Attribution Error? a. George knows that Joe is an aggressive person because he keeps seeing him be aggressive toward others b. Jeannie thinks Rob is "just a bad apple" because she saw him yell at a bus driver on her commute to work this morning c. Sean thinks Dan must have had a stressful week because he sees him drinking like a monster at "Thirsty Thursday" d. Edith excuses her rudeness to the waiter by blaming her behavior on her hunger

b. Jeannie thinks Rob is "just a bad apple" because she saw him yell at a bus driver on her commute to work this morning

Informational conformity: private acceptance. Which of the following is analogous to this relationship? a. Social norms: private acceptance b. Normative conformity: public conformity c. Majority influence: minority influence d. Informational conformity: public conformity

b. Normative conformity: public conformity

Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of social influence? a. Tactics used by individuals to influence the social decision making process b. Others' influence on our everyday thoughts, feelings and behavior c. Differences observed in behaviors when the behaviors are subject to social scrutiny d. Ways in which individuals behave in a socially controlled situation

b. Others' influence on our everyday thoughts, feelings and behavior

An attitude test identifies Robert to be an incremental theorist. Which of the following is a view that Charles is likely to agree with? a. Organizations should not spend money on training people. b. People can greatly change how intelligent they are. c. People cannot alter their level of intelligence. d. Employee performance does not improve with experience.

b. People can greatly change how intelligent they are.

If Taylor is trying to understand what her girlfriend wants out of their relationship, she is engaged in what process? a. Self-perception b. Person perception c. Self-regulation d. Communal orientation e. Automatic cognition

b. Person perception

Which of the following statements is indicative of the legitimate power of an individual? a. Managers can control employees by instigating punishments. b. The CEO is the official leader of a business organization. c. President Lincoln is respected by all Americans. d. Skilled workers will earn the respect of their coworkers.

b. The CEO is the official leader of a business organization.

You are participating in an experiment wherein you are working on a task with another participant with the chance of winning money. Unfortunately, the task goes awry and you two lose any chance of winning. As things were going wrong, you couldn't help but think of how stupid your partner was, and how it was unfair you were assigned this partner (with a better partner you could have won that money). This example demonstrates what phenomenon? a. Reactance b. The actor-observer effect c. Fundamental attribution error d. Informational conformity e. Personality attribution

b. The actor-observer effect

Which of the following instances is significant enough to conclude that one of your teachers is friendly? a. The teacher greeted the students when she entered the class. b. The teacher helped you resolve a personal problem. c. The teacher clarified the doubts that you had on the subject. d. The teacher greeted you when she saw you in the corridor.

b. The teacher helped you resolve a personal problem.

If you are being set up on a blind date with 1 of 2 people and the only information you have about them is a list of their traits, how would your cognitive system rank them, according to the impression formation research by Mills, 2007? a. Based on the very first trait heard about each b. Assign subjective values to the traits and add up the value c. Assign subjective values to the traits and average all of the traits d. Assign objective values to the traits and subtract the positives from the negatives e. Easy - just date both

c. Assign subjective values to the traits and average all of the traits

Which of the following powers is least desirable for use in organizations? a. Legitimate b. Expert c. Coercive d. Referent

c. Coercive

Which of the following terms refers to the extent to which a person characteristic quickly and easily comes to a perceiver's mind? a. Person perceptibility b. Actor-observer consistency c. Cognitive accessibility d. Behavioral consistency

c. Cognitive accessibility

Kyle got a promotion in his job. Rather than thinking and attributing his success to his own personal traits, work ability and integrity, he believes his promotion is due to his co-workers helping him perform his duties. This is an example of which attribution? a. Self-serving attribution b. Gender bias c. External attribution d. Actor - observer difference e. None of the above

c. External attribution

In a study by Skitka and colleagues (2002), "Joe," who was assigned to be the "quizmaster" was perceived as higher in intelligence whereas "Stan," who was assigned to be "contestant" was perceived as relatively lower in intelligence. This result occurred even though the observing participants had no objective information (e.g., IQ scores) about the intelligence of Joe or Stan. What phenomenon best reflects why these results occurred? a. Causal attribution b. Actor-observer difference c. Fundamental attribution error d. Self-serving attributions e. Cognitive dissonance theory

c. Fundamental attribution error

Which of the following is an example of an unstable attribution? a. I will not be able to perform this task b. Anyone can perform this task. c. I am not in the mood to perform this task d. She always fails to perform this task.

c. I am not in the mood to perform this task

Margret is the sales representative of a furniture manufacturer. She calls on the purchase executive of a large firm to introduce his company's office furniture. Which of the following is a valid observation of this situation? a. In this case, Margret is not aiming to obtain conformity. b. Aggression is essential to apply influence in this situation. c. In this case, the attempt to influence is obvious. d. Margret cannot instigate informational conformity in this situation.

c. In this case, the attempt to influence is obvious.

If you do not know how to do something, so you look at what people around you are doing and copy that, you are influenced by ___. a. Normative conformity b. Extant conformity c. Informational conformity d. Implicit conformity

c. Informational conformity

Group discussions often revolve around the points put forth by only a few members of the discussion. Which of the following causes this occurrence? a. Referent influence b. Positional influence c. Minority influence d. Legitimate influence

c. Minority influence

When the first information that is presented influences your attention to, and interpretation of, the information that comes next, it is an example of what? a. Conformity effect b. Recency effect c. Primacy effect d. Superiority effect e. Sleeper effect

c. Primacy effect

Which of the following situations describes the use of REWARD power? Situation 1: Lindsay, member of a charitable organization, influences the other members with her knowledge. Situation 2: Nichole, the captain of a ship, commands the ship's crew. Situation 3: Joseph, a psychology professor, awards good grades to obedient students. Situation 4: Tina, a social worker, is respected by thousands of people. a. Situation 1 b. Situation 2 c. Situation 3 d. Situation 4

c. Situation 3

Gregory is the CEO of a company that engages in the acquisition, exploration, development, and production of oil in the Middle East. Gregory observes that the performance of some teams in the organization has been significantly lower than average. Gregory calls a meeting of the managers of the underperforming teams. Gregory warns the managers that he will dismiss them if the situation is not improved soon. Gregory is using _____ power in this case. a. legitimate b. referent c. coercive d. reward

c. coercive

A situation seems to be the cause of a behavior if the behavior occurs when the situation is present, but not when it is not present. This describes the _____ of information that causes external attribution. a. consistency b. consensus c. distinctiveness d. continuity

c. distinctiveness

According to Dweck (2006), a person with a ___ mindset believes that they can become significantly more intelligent with hard-work and practice, and this can actually lead to improvements. a. fixed (entity) b. internal c. growth (incremental) d. entity (fixed)

c. growth (incremental)

People such as your friends, parents, and teachers influence you to make decisions. The ability that others have to influence you is called their _____. a. personal influence b. social dissonance c. social power d. psychological reactance

c. social power

Name two additional factors that changed the level of obedience in replications of Milgram's (1963) obedience to authority studies.

credibility of researcher 2. proximity of researcher

Howard, a basket ball player, misses a lot of shots because of his jerky movements. He usually identifies such mistakes of other players but attributes his mistakes to unfavorable wind. Identify the error that Howard is making? a. Fundamental attribution error b. Self-fulfilling prophecy c. Internal attribution error d. Actor-observer difference

d. Actor-observer difference

Which of the following is true of how we view the personalities of others, when we are making first impressions? a. We "weigh" perceived traits based on the way that we value them b. We automatically average together perceived traits c. Perceiving some traits leads us to make inferences about other their other, related traits d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT one of the categories of information that we use to make situational vs. personality attributions, according to Kelley's (1967) covariation model of attribution? a. Consistency b. Distinctiveness c. Consensus d. Deindividuating

d. Deindividuating

Identify the events that describe minority influence. Event 1: A few officials control all the strategic activities of organizations. Event 2: Most popular individual tends to become the leader of a group. Event 3: Innovative scientists lead the thoughts of other scientists in researches. Event 4: Unusual ideas could be effective although they are not liked at first. a. Events 1 and 4 b. Events 1 and 3 c. Events 3 and 4 d. Events 1, 3, and 4

d. Events 1, 3, and 4

Cooper hates most people. He can't stand popular music, fashion, or movies. He is exclusively into indie films, buys his clothes from second hand stores, and only associates with people that are "off of the beaten path" as he calls it. Cooper calls himself a non-conformist. Is this true or false? a. It is true. He is a non-conformist because he conforms to no norms at all b. It is true. He is a non-conformist because he doesn't follow mainstream ideas c. It is false. He is conforming to the same norms as everybody else d. It is false. He is conforming, but he is conforming to subculture norms

d. It is false. He is conforming, but he is conforming to subculture norms

To the extent that we perceive something to have "mind," we ascribe to it what? a. Person perception b. Self-regulation c. Evil intentions d. Moral standing

d. Moral standing

If Jarrod begrudgingly does what I tell him to do, because I am his superior officer on the Police Force, and not because he truly believes that I am right, he is showing: a. Persuasion b. Compliance c. Acceptance d. Obedience

d. Obedience

Which of the following is a valid observation of the impact of personal characteristics in conforming to others? a. People with higher self-esteem are more likely to conform than people with lower self-esteem. b. Extent of conformity increases with increase in age. c. People with higher self-confidence are more likely to conform than people with lower self-confidence. d. People who highly identify with a group are more likely to conform to group norms.

d. People who highly identify with a group are more likely to conform to group norms.

Ryan realizes that his friend, Rachel, is trying to influence him to move his desk out into the hallway so she could have more room in the office. Upon realizing this Ryan experiences ______, which makes him determined to never move his desk from its current location. a. Forewarning b. Anti-Obedience c. Counter-Conformity d. Reactance

d. Reactance

Four organizational tasks of varying difficulty and importance to the organization are shown below. Task 1: high difficulty & low importance to organization Task 2: high difficulty & high importance to organization Task 3: low difficulty & low importance to organization Task 4: low difficulty & high importance to organization Identify the tasks that will be characterized by high levels of conformity. a. Tasks 1 and 2 b. Tasks 3 and 4 c. Tasks 1 and 4 d. Tasks 3 and 2

d. Tasks 3 and 2

A group was asked to judge the ability of a speaker after showing a 30 second video. Which of the following is a conclusion that we can derive from this situation based on the studies conducted by Rule & Ambady? a. The group's judgment will be based on previous experiences. b. The group is likely to fail in making a timely judgment. c. The group's judgment will be highly inaccurate. d. The group's judgment will be similar to actual audience's judgment.

d. The group's judgment will be similar to actual audience's judgment.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding research on our perception of threat in person perception? a. We are faster to recognize threatening (vs. positive) faces b. We have better facial recognition for threatening (vs. positive) faces c. We are more able to remember words with a threatening (vs. positive) meaning d. There are no untrue statements - all of the above are true findings.

d. There are no untrue statements - all of the above are true findings

Self-serving attributions are driven by _____. a. the tendency to make internal attributions of self b. an accurate judgment of one's own abilities c. the tendency to ignore distinctiveness information d. a fundamental desire to enhance the self

d. a fundamental desire to enhance the self

Which factor that increases conformity was present in the Zimbardo Stanford Prison Study, driving the increasingly extreme behavior of the guards? a. proximal authority figure(s) b. a group of at least 5-6 people c. Deindividuation d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Nichole leaves tip for the waiter before leaving a restaurant although he dislikes giving away free money. This is an example of _____ conformity. a. informational b. private c. minority d. normative

d. normative

The following provides the justifications that four students had for their failures... Adrian: I want to be a musician. So, I don't really care about my grades. Betty: I am not skilled enough to solve complex math problems. Stephen: I had written all the answers correctly. I have no idea why I failed. Margaret: The questions were really difficult. I don't think many passed the exam. Betty is attributing her failure to a(n) _____. a. unstable internal factor b. stable external factor c. unstable external factor d. stable internal factor

d. stable internal factor

Attributional style refers to _____. a. the ability to make internal and external attributions simultaneously b. the manner in which an individual make internal attributions about self c. the ability to make partial attributions of observed behaviors d. the type of attributions that we tend to make for the events that occur to us

d. the type of attributions that we tend to make for the events that occur to us

Martha believes that successful individuals are dedicated toward their work. Martha is attributing success to a(n) _____. a. stable external factor b. unstable external factor c. stable internal factor d. unstable internal factor

d. unstable internal factor

Why is the goal to affiliate with other people evolutionarily beneficial? a. Being a member of a group increased the likelihood of survival b. Being a member of a group increased the likelihood of mating c. Being a member of a group made one more likely to come into contact with potentially harmful others d. All of the above e. A & B only

e. A & B only

Research has shown that which of the following factors increases the likelihood of committing the fundamental attribution error? a. Being focused and attentive to the situation b. Having adequate cognitive resources to utilize c. Being in a mildly negative affective state d. Having ADHD e. None of the above

e. None of the above

Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to participants' felt pressure to obey the authority figure in the Milgram studies? a. The clipboard he carried b. The fact that he was a tall male c. The white lab coat that he wore d. The impressive looking array of scientific equipment in front of the participants e. None of the above

e. None of the above

"I failed because I did not want to succeed on that task." This statement attributes failure to a personal and stable cause (i.e., internal attribution).

true

True or False: A highly cohesive group will typically engender more conformity to group norms/procedures.

true

True or False: As the number of people in the majority increases, pressure on the minority to conform also increases.

true

True or False: Cognitive accessibility of a given person characteristic refers to the extent to which a person characteristic quickly and easily comes to mind of a perceiver.

true