PSYC 414 CHP 1-6

Autonomy, or____________, entails accepting responsibility for the consequences of your choices rather than holding others accountable for your choices.

psychological maturity

When someone redirects his or her emotional impulses (eg, hostility) from the real object to a substitute person or object, he or she is using which of the ego defense mechanism

Displacement

The observation that some children are outgoing, whereas others tend to stay in the background, some are quickly irritated, whereas others are rarely in a bad mood, some children respond aggressively, whereas others have a gentler nature reflects which of the following constructs

Temperament

Genuine physical maladies such as ulcers, hypertension, and asthma that are caused in part and exacerbated by emotional factors and the prolonged effects of stress are referred to as

psychosomatic illnesses.

Compelling evidence from neural imaging and lesion studies suggests that emotional intelligence

resides in brain regions that are distinct from those involved in mathematical, verbal, and spatial intelligence

Through the delivery of positive education, school children can be taught skills that will increase their __________ and improve their well-being.

resilience

The Comprehensive Soldier and Family Fitness (CSF2) program offers __________ to soldiers, their families, and Army civilians

resilience training

In many cultural groups, ____________are values that may be extolled above ____________ by adult children

respect and honor for parents and extended family members; individual freedom

A caregiver's willingness and ability to respond to an infant's needs and wants creates a

secure attachment

For Carl Jung, both constructive and destructive forces coexist in the human psyche, and to become integrated we must accept the __________ of our nature with our primitive impulses such as selfishness and greed

shadow side

For the authors of the text, _______________encompasses their relationship to the universe and is an avenue for finding meaning and purpose in living

spirituality

Changing historical, political, and cultural realties affect people's lives throughout the

stages of development.

The _________________________is grounded on the assumption that how we develop can best be understood through learning about our role and place in our family of origin

systemic perspective

The chronic practice of "swallowing" emotions can result in the development of all of the following EXCEPT:

a reduction in stress

__________ is based on the premise that all biological functions in the body are governed by the flow of Qi and Blood traveling in the meridians and vessels of the body

Acupuncture

John Bowlby studied the importance of attachment, separation, and loss in human development and developed ________________, an extension of psychoanalytic theory

attachment theory

Erikson identified the core struggle of early childhood, which for him ranges from ages 1 to 3, as the conflict of

autonomy versus shame and doubt

__________ is the antecedent to optimal functioning and well-being

The personal growth initiative

Albert Ellis's ______________________ explains how people develop negative evaluations of themselves

A-B-C theory of personality

_________________, the founder of cognitive therapy, regards self-defeating beliefs as being more inaccurate than irrational

Aaron Beck

If you have to choose between being unemployed and accepting a job you do not like, you are likely to experience which type of conflict?

An avoidance-avoidance conflict

_____________tends to result in children with fear, apprehension, passivity, vulnerability to stress, moodiness, and a lack of purpose

Authoritarian parenting

__________ is a state of physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual exhaustion characterized by chronic fatigue, weakness, low energy, and feelings of helplessness and hopelessness

Burnout

_________________ posits that everything we do can be explained in terms of our attempts to satisfy our basic needs: survival, love and belonging, power or achievement, freedom or independence, and fun

Choice theory

All of the following statements about cyberbullying are true EXCEPT

Cyberbullying is not a contributing factor in altercations that occur on school campuses. What happens in cyberspace tends to stay in cyberspace.

__________, which occurs when we are prevented from engaging in mutually empathic and mutually empowering interactions, results in psychological problems

Disconnection

__________is/are investing in programs to assist in adopting healthier lifestyle practices to reduce their high health care costs.

Employers

According to the authors of the text, all of the following guidelines will help you become active and involved in personal learning EXCEPT

Engaging in self-fulfilling prophecies

Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory of personality and a method of counseling that was originally developed by

Eric Berne

_____________ focuses on all facets of human functioning and requires that we take responsibility for maintaining all aspects of our well-being

Holistic health

Which of the following statements regarding our need for sleep is NOT accurate

If we sleep 5 hours each night, we are in the normal range.

Within the context of Transactional Analysis (TA), what is the proper term for negative messages that were learned beginning in infancy, such as "Always listen to authority" and "Don't act like a child"?

Injunctions

In what ways is a sedentary lifestyle a hazard to one's health

It increases the risk of colon cancer, high blood pressure, and osteoporosis.

People who are in their 60s are considered to be in which stage of life?

Late middle age

First Lady Michelle Obama introduced ___________________, a comprehensive initiative aimed at reducing childhood obesity

Let's Move

__________ is a process of withdrawing attention from the external world and reducing thoughts of the future and the past

Meditation

Which of the statements below is NOT true regarding students and wellness

No compelling evidence exists to suggest there is a direct relationship between students' general health and well-being and their academic success.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the developmental issues that people in their late 30s typically encounter?

People in their late 30s are starting to make independent decisions and are finally becoming financially independent.

_______________________ occurs when individuals relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for drawing this conclusion

Personalization

__________ strengthens the core through exercises that target the small muscles throughout the body, which creates pelvic, hip, and shoulder stabilization

Pilates

________________ is the study of positive emotions and positive character traits

Positive Psychology

Which of the statements below about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is NOT true?

Rates of suicide among active duty service members afflicted with PTSD have decreased since 2001

________________is the capacity of individuals to bounce back from major stress events with minimal negative effects

Resilience

__________ is an enormous public health burden

Sleep deprivation

________________ involves the experience of positive emotions and a lack of negative emotions as well as a cognitive evaluation of one's life as good

Subjective well-being

______________holds that personal change tends to occur when we become aware of what we are as opposed to trying to become what we are not

The paradoxical theory of change

__________ is a lifestyle choice and a lifelong process that involves taking care of our needs on all levels of functioning.

Wellness

According to positive psychologist Tal Ben-Shahar, to combat the negative effects of exhaustion and stress, people need:

a. a multilevel recovery.

When a choice must be made between two or more attractive or desirable alternatives, one is experiencing

an approach-approach conflict.

Jon Kabat-Zinn (1990) describes some basic attitudes necessary to the practice of mindfulness. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic attitudes he endorses?

c. Focus on striving for results.

During pubescence

boys and girls may mask their fears with rebellion and cover up their need to be dependent by exaggerating their independence.

According to the text, psychologically oriented physicians emphasize the role of _____________________ as critical determinants of our physical and psychological well-being

choice and responsibility

If we deprive ourselves of sleep on a regular basis and rely instead on chemical stimulants to keep us awake

d. we pay a price in the form of decreased creativity and productivity, as well as an increased risk of depression and anxiety.

Developmental psychologists contend that a child's basic task in the first year of life is to

develop a sense of trust in self, others, and the environment

Individuals in the ________________________ life stage may be interacting with people from around the world via social media and are faced with determining how to negotiate multiple cultures

emerging adulthood

Prevalent themes for people during late adulthood include all of the following EXCEPT

establishing their identities

Dr. Carol Dweck's contends that adopting a __________ can help people increase intellectual achievement, promote conflict resolution, reduce aggression, improve willpower, and nurture race relations

growth mindset

Increasing the amount of social contact a person has and improving the quality of one's interpersonal relationships are both strong pathways to promoting

happiness

Prescription drug abuse:

has reached epidemic levels in the United States

The label _____________was coined in reference to parenting the millennial generation (those born between 1982 and 1995). This style of parenting is widely regarded as overprotective

helicopter parenting

Adler saw feelings of ________________ as the wellsprings of creativity, and he challenged his fears and doubts throughout his life

inferiority

In The Human Odyssey: Navigating the Twelve Stages of Life, Thomas Armstrong (2007) maintains that every stage of life:

is equally significant and necessary for the welfare of humanity

According to those who practice Transactional Analysis (TA), our __________ is a blueprint that tells us where we are going in life and what we will do when we arrive

life script

During __________, children face these key developmental tasks: expand their knowledge and understanding of the physical and social worlds; continue to learn and expand their concepts of femininity, masculinity, and gender identity; and learn to tolerate ambiguity

middle childhood

One way of challenging your inner critic is found in a process known as ________________, which involves becoming increasingly observant and aware of external and internal stimuli in the present moment and adopting an open attitude of accepting what is rather than judging the present situation.

mindfulness

Reasons women do not report rape include all of the following EXCEPT:

not wanting to hurt the rapist's feelings.

According to the text, students reported they spend at least 3-4 hours a day __________ rather than studying or exercising

on social media or other technology

If you do poorly on an exam because you feel ill on the day of the test, you would be ________________________ if you assumed that you will do poorly on exams in all subject areas, even when you feel well

overgeneralizing

Brisk walking for just 30 minutes a day accomplishes all of the following EXCEPT

overtaxing one's vital organs

Environmental sources of stress include all of the following EXCEPT:

perfectionism

In regards to anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and depression, there is extensive evidence that

perfectionism is elevated.

In accordance with the stages of change model developed by Prochaska and Norcross, a person is said to be in the _________________ stage when he or she has no intention of changing a behavior pattern in the near future

precontemplation

Carl Rogers built his entire theory and practice of psychotherapy on the concept(s) of

the fully functioning person

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the most basic needs are

the physiological needs

In the self-actualization model, the traditional view of intelligence emphasizes

the verbal-linguistic domain