psyc 535 exam 1

Who is referred to as the "father of behaviorism."

John Watson

which medication would be best used for a child suffering from a severe anxiety disorder?

Xanax

which attachment pattern has been linked to phobias and anxiety problems?

anxious-resistant

during the 1950s and 1960s, ________ emerged as the systematic approach to the treatment of childhood disorders.

behavior therapy

Which statement about neural development is false?​

brain connections are relatively pre-determined and cannot be changed by the environment

etiology refers to the _____ of childhood disorders

causation

Bronfenbrenner's (1977) model includes a consideration of the ____.

child, family members, and society in which the child lives

____ approaches to treatment view child psychopathology as the result of faulty thought patterns and faulty learning and environmental experiences

cognitive-behavioral

Isabella is 3 years old, and frequently demands attention, overreacts, and refuses to go to bed. These behaviors are considered ____.​

common because of her age

In ____ research, different individuals at different ages or stages of development are studied at the same point in time.​

cross-sectional

Girls have higher rates of _____ than boys.

depression

The ____ classification approach assumes that all children possess the same traits to varying degrees.

dimensional

Treatment ____ refers to whether or not a treatment can produce changes under well-controlled conditions.​

efficacy

Interventions for children and adolescents are often intended to ____.​

eliminate distress and promote further development

How did Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard believe he could tame the "wild boy of Aveyron"?

environmental stimulation

many child and adolescent problems can best be described as the _____.

failure to demonstrate expected developmental process

Which behavior would be characteristic of someone with issues on the internalizing behavior dimension?

feeling sad all the time

childhood poverty is a daily reality for about one in ____ children in the United States.

four

In research terms, research questions about behavior that follow from a theory are called ____.​

hypotheses

The detailed representation of the individual child or family as a unique entity is referred to as a(n) ____ case formulation.​

idiographic

During the early part of the twentieth century, the biological disease model of mental problems led to ____.​

improved treatments

a child's problem must be considered in relation to the influence of the ______.

individual, family, community/culture

in the first half of the twentieth century, most children with mental disorders were ______.

institutionalized

Which element(s) are typically included in a clinical description?​

intensity, frequency, and severity of the problem

Unstructured interviews tend to be ____ than semi-structured interviews.​

less reliable and more flexible

Which part of the brain is most responsible for regulating our emotional experiences, expressions, and impulses?​

limbic system

Which statement is true about how ethnicity affects mental health problems in children?

minority children in the US are overrepresented in rates of some disorders

Factors that influence the direction or strength of a relationship of variables of interest are called ____.​

moderator variables

A clearly defined group used to compare an individual child's test score against is called a:​

norm group

Children's development occurs in a(n) ____ manner.​

organized and hierarchical

_____ rates refer to all cases of a disorder, whether new or previously existing, that are observed during a specified time period.

prevalence

interventions are _____.

problem-solving strategies

minimum ethical standards for practice include:

protecting the confidentiality of the therapeutic relationship

Individual differences in emotion _____ account for differing responses to a stressful environment

reactivity

a child who cannot control his temper has problems in emotion _____.

regulation

Jessica, age 15, gossips, verbally insults peers, and often ostracizes others. Jessica is displaying ____.​

relational aggression

boundaries between abnormal vs normal functioning are _______.

relatively arbitrary

the ability to successfully adapt in the environment is referred to as ________.

resilience

Which of the following is true with respect to resilience?

resilience may vary over time and across situations

The windows of time during which environmental influences on development are enhanced are called ____.​

sensitive periods

____ theorists emphasize attributional biases, modeling, and cognitions in their explanation of abnormal behavior.

social learning

The formal assignment of a clinical case to a DSM-5 classification category is referred to as a(n) ____.​

taxonomic diagnosis

____ has been implicated in several psychological disorders, especially those connected to a person's response to stress and ability to regulate emotions.​

the HPA axis

Neuroimaging techniques are least useful in determining ____.​

the reason for abnormal brain activity

which statement is true of the meta-analytic findings of research therapy with children?

treatments have been shown to be more effective for internalizing that for externalizing disorders

An assessment tool that actually measures the construct it is intended to measure can be considered ____.​

valid

Multifinality refers to the observation that ______.

various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) provides a measure of

verbal, comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory and processing speed

A central tenet of developmental psychopathology is that to understand maladaptive behavior, we must consider ____.​

what is normative for a given period of development