PSYC CH4

Sharon is 60 and has experienced slowness of thought over the last year. She goes to her doctor to discuss why this is. Her doctor is most likely to tell her that slowed mental processes are a result of

shrinking frontal lobes.

Your friend Phia is one month pregnant. You tell her to eliminate any exposure to teratogens right now, because they could harm the embryo. When she asks what they could do to the embryo, you say that, right now, the teratogens could cause problems with

structural development of the baby's spine or brain

In front of Chris, Tasha pours the same amount of water into both a short, fat glass and a tall, thin glass. She then asks Chris which glass has more water. If Chris is 10 years old, he is most likely to answer

that they have the same amount of water.

Ernst is jealous that several of his friends are going through puberty but he has not started yet. He eagerly keeps checking for signs that his body is changing. Ernst knows he should be experiencing all of the following EXCEPT

the development of a more rounded jaw.

.Elaine travels around the world observing how children learn language. Elaine has written a book to relate her findings in which she discusses the fact that

the first words are used to identify objects or are simple action words.

McKenzie is new at observing infant behavior in the strange-situation test and is uncertain how to assess baby Stephan's actions. If she guesses that he is securely attached, he most likely

was not afraid of strangers when his mother was in the room with him

Jonathan has noticed that even though he lifts the same amount of weights each week, he is losing muscle mass and putting on a few extra pounds. Jonathan is most likely ________ years old.

35

Given what Naomi knows about physical development across the life span, which of the following people does she suspect will be the LEAST healthy at age 70?

Carson, who squints at his computer and listens to loud music on his iPod

Sharon notices that her baby grasps her finger every time she places it in her infant's palm. Which of the following is an explanation for why her baby shows this reflex?

It helps babies survive.

Professor Chen wants to study the motivation for stealing. Which of the following colleagues should he consult?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Lila is not an alcoholic and never drinks to excess. However, she does have wine with dinner every evening. When Lila is two weeks pregnant, she asks you whether this can injure her baby. What correct response can you give he

She should stop drinking wine completely until after the baby is born

Elizabeth is going to decorate her newborn's room and wants the baby to be able to see the decorations. Which of the following should she use to decorate?

a wall hanging with a large black-and-white checked fabric

Nora took her young son Alfred to the zoo, where he pointed to a zebra and said, "Look, Mommy, a horse!" Nora replied, "That is not a horse; that is a zebra. See, it has black and white stripes." Alfred then replied, "Wow! Look at the striped zebra!" In this situation, Henry's development of a zebra schema required

accommodation

.During the strange-situation test, Grady begins crying when his mom leaves the room. When his mom returns, Grady holds up his arms, asking to be picked up. However, when his mom picks him up, he pushes her away angrily. Grady's behavior is consistent with a ________ attachment style.

ambivalent

Baby George's mother leaves him sitting in the grocery cart as she goes around the corner searching for cake mix. George screams as she leaves, reaches for her when she returns, but then pushes her away. George's behavior is most consistent with a ________ attachment style.

ambivalent

Paul is babysitting Pamela for the first time. When Pamela's mom leaves, Pamela cries. When her mom returns, Pamela reaches for her but then pushes away from her. Paul assumes Pamela has an ________ attachment

ambivalent

Mary and Eric are outside playing one day when Eric looks up and asks, "What's that big bright ball in the sky?" Mary replies that it is the sun. That night, Eric looks out his bedroom window and sees a big, bright ball in the sky. "Look, Mary, it is the sun!" he exclaims. This example shows that Eric has used ________ for his new knowledge.

assimilation

Kara explains to her roommate why Harry Harlow's experiments were so important to explaining an infant's socio-emotional development. Kara correctly says that his results demonstrate that

comforting touch is more important than food, particularly when an infant is stressed

When trying to explain Piaget's theory of development to his roommate, Martin correctly states that development

consists of a series of qualitatively different stages of cognitive ability

Eddie's neighbor Marjorie steals a laptop computer from another student in their dorm and makes Eddie promise not to tell on her. After campus police come to the dorm and question him, Eddie decides to tell them that Marjorie stole the laptop, because Eddie knows that Marjorie broke the law. According to Kohlberg, Eddie is exhibiting ________ moral reasoning

conventional

Phil has been having trouble remembering where he left his keys, glasses, and favorite book. Now he also forgets to brush his teeth, comb his hair, and put clothes on in the morning. Phil is most likely experiencing

dementia

Sampson is a physician who sees many elderly patients. He is likely to notice decreases in their cognitive functioning in all of the following ways EXCEPT

knowledge of basic facts.

Nadia knows that a substance's quantity does not change, even when its form does. Based on this, Nadia is most likely ________ years old

nine

A child is playing at the beach. She pours an equal amount of sand into both a short, fat container and a tall, thin container. When asked which container holds more sand, the child points to the tall, thin container. This response suggests that she is most likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

pre operational

Camden is explaining all the different stages of development he has learned in his introductory psychology class. Which of the following is the correct order for all of the periods of human development?

prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood