PSYC FINAL

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis? a.In psychoanalysis, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while behavior therapy involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. b.Behavior therapy involves free association and dream analysis, while psychoanalysis focuses on the use of classical conditioning to change patterns of thinking. c.Psychoanalysis involves using free association to work through repressed desires, while behavior therapy focuses on how undesirable behaviors are predicted unconsciously, in our dreams. d.In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging into one's unconscious.

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging into one's unconscious.

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. a.obsessive-compulsive b.personality c.body dysmorphic d.anxiety

anxiety

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder. a.post-traumatic stress b.mood c.schizotypal personality d.antisocial personality

Post traumatic stress disorder

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, has trouble sitting still, and displays poor impulse control. The school psychologist suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for _____________. a.intellectual disability b.schizoid personality disorder c.autism spectrum disorder d.attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)

Aversive conditioning is a ________. a.classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which the client is exposed to fear-provoking situations b.counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulus with an undesirable behavior c.therapeutic orientation that is useful for treating phobias d.form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulus with an undesirable behavior

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________. a.auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia b.severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy c.an anxiety disorder who do not believe in traditional biomedical approaches d.ADHD who also suffer from anxiety

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment? a.students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately b.Racism can be explain by the realistic conflict theory c.students cannot be trusted in roles of authority d.social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? a.behavioral b.cognitive-behavioral c.play therapy d.ECT

play therapy

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________. a.Cacioppo b.Milgram c.Zimbardo d.Asch

Zimbardo

A/an ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative. a.cognition b.sense c.feeling d.attitude

attitude

Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness. a.26% b.60% c.15% d.35%

26 %

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? a.Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis b.Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. c.Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. d.Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills.

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior? a.Jason is blackmailed by Brianna. b.Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries. c.Mateo's mother provides child support to Mateo's father because of a court order. d.Avery forgets to call his grandmother on Mother's Day.

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries

A psychological disorder is a ________. a.manifestation of a psychopathology b.condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors c.condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors d.situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings

a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

The symptoms of schizophrenia may be treated with which of the following forms of psychopharmacology? a.repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation b.stimulants c.antidepressants d.antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics

antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics

A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. a.social b.anxiety c.generalized d.safety

anxiety

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________. a.peripheral dissension b.perceptive deception c.cognitive dissonance d.aggressive discord

cognitive dissonance

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. a.aggression b.cognitive dissonance c.prosocial behavior d.diffusion of responsibility

diffusion of responsibility

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________. a.discrimination b.aggression c.stereotype d.prejudice

discrimination

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________. a.central attitude shift b.fundamental attitude shift c.central attribution error d.fundamental attribution error

fundamental attribution error

A particular benefit of ________ therapy is the possibility of decreasing a client's sense of shame and isolation about the problem they face, while also letting them offer support to others. a.individual b.humanistic c.group d.gestalt

group therapy

Which of the following strategies may effectively reduce prejudice between groups? a.having highly educated members of one group teach the children of the other group b.having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task c.keeping intergroup contact to a minimum d.assigning one group to supervise the other group in completing an assigned task

having the groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder? a.overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance b.lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds c.instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood d.pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________. a.acute stress disorder b.mania c.rapid cycling d.body dysmorphia

mania

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a/an ________. a.obsessive-compulsive disorder b.psychosis c.phobia d.mood disorder

phobia

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? a.cognitive therapy b.psychodynamic c.humanistic therapy d.behavior therapy

psychodynamic

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a/an ____________ disorder. a.impulse control b.dissociative c.obsessive compulsive d.psychotic

psychotic

Which psychological disorder is characterized by psychosis and major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior? a.bipolar b.schizophrenia c.anxiety d.personality

schizophrenia

What is meant by the term etiology? a.frequency with which a given illness occurs b.the cause of a disorder c.the different symptoms of a given condition d.likely future path of an illness

the cause of the disorder

What is comorbidity? a.having two causes for a single disorder b.co-occurrence of two disorders c.having two causes of death d.mental disorder leading to death

the co-occurrence of two disorders

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? a.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders b.Desperate Social and Mental Disorders c.Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders d.Determinants of Social Mental Disorders

the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. a.Zimbardo b.Asch c.Cacioppo d.Milgram

Asch effect

Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care? a.Modern treatments are extremely effective in a short amount of time. b.Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized. c.Patients often leave before their doctor releases them. d.Most patients aren't mentally ill; they are homeless and need short-term shelter.

Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? a.People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. b.People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior. c.People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly. d.People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior.

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? a.all-or-nothing thinking b.collapsing boundaries c.overgeneralizations d.jumping to conclusions

all-or-nothing thinking

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? a.non-directive therapy b.cognitive therapy c.play therapy d.psychodynamic psychotherapy

cognitive therapy

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so? a.privilege b.confidentiality c.discretion d.disclosure

confidentiality

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events. a.supernatural b.Szasz c.Venn d.diathesis-stress

diathesis-stress

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, only to later request a larger favor? a.head-in-the-sand b.central cognitive c.Door-in-the-face d.foot-in-the-door

foot in the door

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy? a.Thoughts cannot be changed. b.Behavior can be conditioned. c.How you think determines how you feel and act. d.Unconscious thoughts influence behavior.

how you think determines how you feel and act

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a/an ________ bias. a.scapegoating b.out-group c.confirmation d.in-group

in-group

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. a.equipotentiality b.just-world c.come-uppance d.equal status

just-world hypothesis

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives? a.invisible b.negative c.absentee d.positive

negative

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. a.anxiety b.phobia c.obsessive-compulsive d.personality

obsessive-compulsive

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation. a.dissonance b.social obedience c.heuristic d.script

script

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible cheaters and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group. a.diffusion of responsibility b.stereotypes c.social exchange d.cognitive dissonance

stereotypes

Janeka does poorly on her psychology exam, so she makes fun of her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________. a.the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother b.which situational factors led Janeka to do poorly on her exam c.which dispositional factors led Janeka to do poorly on her exam d.the way Janeka's frustration with her mother led her to do poorly on her exam

the way Janeka's frustration with her exam lead to her to be aggressive toward her mother

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it through extinction of the conditioned response. a.The phrase "or anxiety" should be eliminated. b.The phrase "or situation" should be eliminated. c.The word "problem" should be changed to the word "anger." d.The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure."

the word aversion should be changed to exposure

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________. a.antipsychotics b.mood stabilizers c.anti-anxiety agents d.antidepressants

antidepressants

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? a.humanistic b.cognitive-behavioral therapy c.classical conditioning d.aversion therapy

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? a.Gemma is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention. b.Gemma exhibits deficits in social interactions by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. c.Gemma is very impulsive, hyperactive, and has difficulty sustaining attention. d.Gemma is submissive and physically clings to the people around her.

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interactions by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

Which kind of therapy involves employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors? a.play b.behavioral c.cognitive d.humanistic

behavioral therapy

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________. a.persistent depressive disorder b.generalized anxiety disorder c.free-floating anxiety disorder d.obsessive-compulsive disorder

generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion? a.anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use b.anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year c.supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking d.getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________. a.set of instructions to be carried out b.person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting c.prescription for psychotropic medicine d.written record of a person's history

persons knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

________ have over 85% of the 1669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas. a.schools b.rural areas c.nursing homes d.urban areas

rural areas

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and showed it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality? a.borderline personality disorder b.antisocial personality disorder c.avoidant personality disorder d.schizotypal personality disorder

borderline personality disorder

Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts and working toward achieving their potential. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using? a.cognitive therapy b.cognitive-behavioral therapy c.free association d.humanistic therapy

humanistic therapy

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization? a.Once you are conditioned to relax, you will never feel stress again. b.Some people are genetically predisposed to tension. c.You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time. d.You can't enjoy life if you are surrounded by things that induce anxiety.

you cant be nervous and relaxed at the same time

Who was Stanley Milgram? a.social psychology professor at Yale who tested the hypothesis that brainstorming was less productive than the individual creative process b.social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis c.social psychology professor at Yale who designed an experiment to test what would happen to the lone dissenter in a group d.social psychology professor at Yale who designed a mock prison to test the power of social roles

social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis