Psyc MEMORY quiz 2 chpt 5
Representational momentum does NOT appear to be affected by __________.
Memory span
For a mental image held in working memory, when engaging in mental scanning, __________.
the further apart elements are, the longer it takes to scan
According to the word length effect, what is the primary barrier to recall in the articulatory loop?
the length of time it takes to say a word (articulation duration)
What is the explanation for the irrelevant speech effect, assuming a phonological loop like that described by Baddeley's model?
Additional irrelevant information consumes phonological loop resources that then cannot be dedicated to remembering the appropriate information.
Representational momentum is when __________.
An object is remembered as further along its path of motion than it was.
Which of the following is NOT an effect observed in the phonological loop of working memory? a) word length effect b) phonological rehearsal c) phonological similarity d) articulatory suppression
Phonological rehearsal
What is the phenomenon of the visuo-spatial sketchpad that causes a person to remember more of a scene than was actually observed?
Boundary extension
What is the explanation for the articulatory suppression effect, assuming a phonological loop like that described by Baddeley's model?
Constantly talking during retention consumes the resources of the articulatory loop.
Which of the following would be an example of a simple span task?
Digit span
The portion of working memory where information from different sources is bound together to create a more complete memory is the __________.
Episodic buffer
Dynamic memory effects are NOT affected by knowledge in semantic memory. a) false b) true c) true only for moving objects d) true only for stationary objects
False
The effects of representational gravity are increased __________.
For larger objects
Response time _________ as the angle of mental rotation needed increases.
Increases
Which of the following is an example of working memory processing that reflects an isomorphism with processing as it would exist in external reality? a) lexicality effects b) mental rotation c) articulatory suppression d) boundary extension
Mental rotation
According to Kosslyn's CRT model, information in the visuo-spatial sketchpad would __________.
Need to be constantly refreshed.
Which of the following is NOT an effect observed in the phonological loop of working memory? a) word length effect b) phonological rehearsal c) phonological similarity d) articulatory suppression
Phonological rehearsal
A distractor task that is thought to consume the resources of the central executive is __________.
Random number generation
Which of the following is NOT a dynamic memory effect? a) representational gravity b) representational acceleration c) representational friction d) representational momentum
Representational acceleration
The finding that representational momentum is smaller for objects moving along a surface is attributed to __________.
Representational friction
When participants report that a circle on an incline appears lower than it actually is, the influence on working memory is called __________.
Representational gravity
Which of the following is NOT part of Baddeley's working memory model? a) central executive b) sensory memory c) visuo-spatial sketchpad d) episodic buffer
Sensory memory
What is the explanation for the phonological similarity effect, assuming a phonological loop like that described by Baddeley's model?
Similar items in the phonological store become confused. *
What is the explanation for the word length effect, assuming a phonological loop like that described by Baddeley's model?
The articulatory loop cannot rehearse information quickly enough and it decays out of the phonological store.
The component of working memory that determines the allocation of attentional resources is referred to as __________.
The central executive
The Baddeley working memory model assumes that working memory is made up of all the following components EXCEPT __________. a) the phonological loop b) the haptic loop c) the visuo-spatial sketchpad d) the central executive
The haptic loop
What is the phonological similarity effect?
The more phonologically similar items in a set, the more errors are made. Letters or words that sound similar are more confusing!
While doing a phonological task, if a person is asked to do a visual-spatial task at the same time, what is the likely outcome?
They will be relatively independent of one another.
Which component of working memory is important for mental rotation? a) central executive b) sensory memory c) visuo-spatial sketchpad d) phonological loop
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
What are the components of Baddeley's working memory model?
executive controller, phonological loop, and visuo-spatial sketchpad
Larger working memory capacity can sometimes hurt performance when it comes to __________.
experiencing mental set with complex problems
The word length effect is the finding that __________.
fewer words will be remembered from a list of long words
In studies of boundary extension, participants are less likely to identify previously viewed items as "old" memories if photos are taken __________.
from farther away
The part of the brain generally associated with processing of the central executive is the __________.
frontal lobes
When a person acquires dysexecutive syndrome, what part of his or her brain has been damaged?
frontal lobes
The different components of working memory have been reported to ________
influence different aspects of a more complex process, such as comprehension
Which of the following effects of the phonological loop suggests that it would be better to listen to instrumental music while studying as compared to listening to music with vocals? a) phonological similarity b) articulatory suppression c) lexicality d) irrelevant speech
irrelevant speech
The visuo-spatial sketchpad is a part of working memory that __________.
is used to help a person navigate
The lexicality effect is the finding that __________.
it is easier to remember a list of words than non-words
The phonological similarity effect is the finding that __________.
it is hard to remember a set of words that sound similar
The presence of dynamic memory effects such as representational momentum, representational gravity, and representational friction suggests that __________
knowledge of the world unconsciously influences short-term memory processes
Research on the influence of working memory capacity on other types of mental processing has shown that __________.
memory span is related to long-term memory retrieval
In terms of working memory capacity's influence on long-term memory retrieval, generally __________.
people with greater capacity experience less interference
What are 2 characteristics of the dysexecutive condition that affect the central executive of working memory?
preservation and distraction
In the reading span task, people are asked to __________ as the processing task and ______________as the storage task.
read sentences; remember words
The tendency for people to misremember the location or orientation of an object at the end of a movement is called __________.
representational momentum
In the operation span task, people are asked to __________ as the processing task and ______________as the storage task.
solve math problems; remember words *
In the _______ test, participants must _______.
spatial span; indicate if letters are rotated or reversed, then indicate the orientation of these letters
The articulatory suppression effect is the finding that __________.
speaking while trying to remember a set of words will result in more forgetting
Complex span measures involve a ___________ component and a ___________ component.
storage; processing
What are the 2 primary components of the phonological loop?
subvocal rehearsal and phonological store
Which of the following is a role of the central executive?
the distribution of working memory resources
According to Kosslyn's CRT model, __________. a) visual complexity has no influence on the ability to retain an image b) the mind is like a computer c) phonological processing is independent of spatial processing in working memory d) the more complex an image, the more difficult it is to refresh
the more complex an image, the more difficult it is to refresh
What is the role of suppression in working memory?
to remove irrelevant information from working memory
In the spatial span task, people are asked to __________ as the processing task and ______________as the storage task.
verify letters as normal or mirror-reversed; remember orientations
According to Baddeley's working memory model, there is a central executive that has control over what 3 slave systems?
visuo-spatial sketchpad, phonological loop, and episodic buffer
The phenomenon of mental scanning suggests that __________.
working memory processes information in a way that captures how we interact with the world.
