psyc questions

Agnes is a graduate student in psychology who suffers from depression. She has been on antidepressants for years with marginal effect. Instead of taking additional medication or undergoing brain stimulation, her therapist recently encouraged her to review research on therapeutic lifestyle change. Agnes noticed that those who went through the 12-week training program performed all of these EXCEPT

avoiding omega 3 fatty acids

Arianna displays very dysfunctional behavior. She is unable to care for herself, cannot dress herself, and has limited understanding of her surroundings. Prior to the reform movement influenced by Philippe Pinel, Arianna's behavior would MOST likely have been considered:

the result of a demon possession

Brian has suffered from severe, unremitting depression for almost two decades. He has tried therapy, numerous psychotropic medications, and electroconvulsive therapy. Nothing has helped. What is the likelihood that he might respond to deep brain stimulation

there is a chance the treatment will be effective

Nancy's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is MOST likely

client-centered

Mark suffers from a great deal of irrational thoughts that affect his social life. He would benefit MOST from _____ therapy

cognitive behavioral

Nancy's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths, rather than her weaknesses, and to develop a habit of thanking others when they complement her or provide emotional support. The therapist's approach BEST illustrates

cognitive behavioral

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, she should read the:

DSM-5

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is MOST clearly demonstrating

delusions

Brent suffers from depression. While he consistently attends work and meets family responsibilities, he suffers from negative mood and a sense of hopelessness. What option has the least possible side effects and risks

exercise

Major depressive disorder is characterized by signs such as lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in family, friends, and activities. To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, these signs must

last for 2 or more weeks

A large pharmaceutical company is conducting a clinical trial for a new antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. They are concerned with the efficacy and safety of the new drug. Their perspective is most in line with the _____ model.

medical

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder

obsessive compulsive

Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for three to four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time and she often repeats this cycle 10 to 12 times per day in addition to her ritualistic cleaning. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder

obsessive compulsive

People who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) may NOT be described as:

overly aggressive

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which factor MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

socioeconomic status

This occurs when a person experiences a fearful event and then transfers that fear to other, similar events

stimulus generalization

This is a behavior therapy commonly used to treat phobias

systematic desensitization

As compared with its prevalence among girls, the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among boys is:

2x more

This therapy is empirically supported for treating bed-wetting

behavior

Aaron Beck's _____ therapy teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking. It is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

cognitive

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca BEST illustrates

exposure therapy

Stefan recently suffered a traumatic experience and is now seeing a therapist on a regular basis. His therapist waves her finger in front of Stefan's face while he imagines the traumatic scene. This type of therapy is known as

eye movement desensitization and processing

After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to _____ week(s) for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect

four

During a therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist is using a technique known as

free association

One of the strengths of the biopsychosocial model, in comparison to the medical model, is that the biopsychosocial model incorporates _____ into an understanding of psychological disorders.

the effect of cultures

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This BEST illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of

the medical model

Two disorders that involve anxiety are _____ disorder and _____

OCD and PTSD

_____ is characterized by excessive thinness, while _____ is characterized by normal to above average weigh

anorexia;bulimia

In _____ personality disorder, the affected person is aggressive and ruthless, and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing

antisocial

_____ disorders are characterized by distressing, persistent worry or maladaptive behaviors that serve to reduce it.

anxiety

To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment BEST illustrates

aversive conditioning

Personality disorders can be classified into three clusters. One cluster expresses anxiety, such as that exhibited in _____ personality disorder. People with this personality disorder are so fearful of rejection that it predisposes them to withdraw from society.

avoidant

Del sometimes eats nearly 2000 calories in a single sitting. However, he neither purges nor engages in excessive exercise. Del may have

binge eating disorder

Around the world, people may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This BEST illustrates the need for what model?

biopsychosocial approach

The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling, "I have the power!" Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the emergency room, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder

bipolar

Aim of freud's therapy was to

bring a patients repressed feelings into conscious awareness

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Claire uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Claire MOST clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa

bulimia

Mimi works in a hospital psychiatric unit. She cares for a patient with schizophrenia who often stands motionless in a corner for several hours. This _____ usually ends abruptly and then the patient becomes quite agitated

catatonia

Zander has been struggling with personal issues and has decided to seek help at a mental health clinic. Unfortunately, he was put on a waiting list and told he would likely have to wait several weeks before he could meet with a therapist. According to Hans Eysenck's findings, what do you predict will happen to Zander

chances are good that he will improve during waiting period

Based on the textbook's discussion of therapeutic lifestyle change, it appears that spending time with friends, avoiding ruminating over negative events, and regular exercise can alleviate depression by

changing brain functioning

A therapist who recognizes that depressed people do not exhibit the same self-serving bias as nondepressed people is MOST likely a _____ therapist

cognitive

In a study using a(n) _____ procedure, half of the patients receive a drug and the other half receive a similar-appearing placebo. Neither the patients in the study, nor the staff administering the treatment, know who gets which treatment

double blind

This risk of a panic attack is _____ by the use of nicotine.

doubled

Marlow is suffering from schizophrenia. Marlow sees a therapist once a week to help him improve his social skills and modify his maladaptive behaviors. His therapist uses a combination of behavioral conditioning techniques and more cognitive approaches. Marlow's therapist is MOST likely using which approach

eclectic

Active listening and unconditional positive regard are key elements of _____ therapy

humanisitc

Julia is suffering from depression. In addition to medication to alleviate her symptoms, Julia's doctor may also recommend that she _____ to increase serotonin

increase exercise

The onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) occurs during:

late teens and twenties

In stressful situations, people with an antisocial personality disorder show _____ fear and _____autonomic arousal when compared with people unaffected by the disorder

less;less

Eeyore, a character in the Winnie the Pooh series by E. E. Milne, speaks slowly, has a pessimistic view, and often does not wish to participate in social activities. These behaviors suggest that the character suffers from _____ disorder.

major depressive

A research team combines the results of nearly two dozen studies examining the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treating self-injurious behavior among clients with borderline personality disorder. The research team is conducting a

meta-analysis

Seventy-five-year-old Walter lost his wife to a heart attack two years ago, and most of his friends have passed away. His children live in other states and he has no pets. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Walter is _____ likely to attempt suicide _____.

more; because the suicide rate surges among older men

Marcus' twin brother and maternal grandmother both have previously been diagnosed with schizophrenia. This means that Marcus' risk for developing schizophrenia

much higher than average

Those with paranoid schizophrenia are particularly prone to delusions of

persecution

Hallucinations and disorganized or incoherent speech are examples of _____ symptoms of schizophrenia

positive

With respect to schizophrenia, delusion is to flat affect as _____ symptom is to _____ symptom

positive;negative

_____ is the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

psychopharmacology

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This BEST illustrates a procedure known as

psychosurgery

Research on emotion has shown that emotion has a guiding influence on people's lives. According to the textbook, the purpose of sadness is to

slow down and examine one's situation

Avoiding eating in public, speaking up in public, and going to parties is characteristic of _____ anxiety disorder

social

Will has an intense fear of speaking in public. Because he can only engage in one-on-one discussions, he has been passed over for promotions. Will may be suffering from _____ disorder.

social anxiety

Mary Ann, a woman in her fifties, was diagnosed with schizophrenia and prescribed antipsychotic medication starting in her twenties. She has used this medication continuously since then. What serious side effect is she MOST at risk for

tardive dyskinesia

According to data from Kessler and colleagues, the highest rate of reported mental disorders was in:

the U.S.

Shania sees a cognitive therapist for depression. Shania's therapist has explained to her that cognitive therapy is very effective for depression because it addresses

the relationship between thoughts and feelings

Doug, a person who suffers from depression, recently saw an ad for free medication in return for participation in a new drug trial. Doug was told that he would be participating in a double-blind study. What does that imply

the researcher will not know if doug is receiving a placebo or the medication

Research results on the effectiveness of psychotherapy show that

treatment generally provides a boost to a person's long term outcome

Sam, a 16-year-old boy, has been feeling hopeless, has difficulty concentrating, and experiences chronic sadness. How likely is Sam to share this information with his parents

very unlikely

There is a civil war currently underway regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy. There are those who support the use of scientific methods to determine which therapies are the most effective for various people and disorders. Then there are those who

view psychotherapy as something that cannot be described in a manual or tested in an experiment

The _____ model argues that an individual's characteristics interact with environmental stressors to influence the likelihood of developing a psychological disorder.

vulnerability stress

Sharif has mild depression. Recently he read that therapeutic lifestyle change research has shown that something as simple as frequent _____ can relieve symptoms

walks in the woods

Approximately _____ percent of the population suffer from panic disorder.

2-3

The symptoms of alcohol use disorder begin to appear at a median age of about:

20

The symptoms of major depression begin to appear at a median age of about:

25

On any given day in December, 1 in _____ women will say that she cried that day

5

Billy has an identical twin that was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Research suggests that the chances are _____ that Billy will also suffer from bipolar disorder at some point in his life

7 in 10

Randy has an intense, irrational fear of dogs. Randy might be diagnosed with

a phobia

Glenn suffers from depression. He frequently thinks of situations as overwhelmingly bad, with no hope of future improvement. Glenn would most benefit from _____ therapy

aaron beck's cognitive

Connie is overwhelmed with fear whenever she must leave the house. She is especially afraid when she uses the subway or goes grocery shopping. Connie's case illustrates:

agoraphobia

A psychoanalyst would use the term _____ to describe the tendency for some people to crack jokes when the conversation gets heavy

resistance

Constant overthinking and fretting about one's problems and their causes is known as _____; it is linked to depression.

rumination

This disorder is MOST likely to result in the person living in poverty

schizophrenia

_____ is a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and diminished or inappropriate emotional reactions

schizophrenia

Electroconvulsive therapy and other brain stimulations are used to treat

severe depression

_____ was the father of psychoanalysis

sigmund freud

The demographic landscape of cocaine use disorder was dramatically different in the early twentieth century than it is today. Then, cocaine was a legal stimulant contained in a variety of remedies, tonics, and other consumer products. Cocaine use disorder was seen most often in upper-middle-class women. The influence of cocaine's legal status on its disordered use is most consistent with the _____ model of psychological disorders.

biopsychosocial

Drew's therapist believes in using only empirically supported therapies for treating his insomnia. His therapist will probably use _____ therapy

cognitive

Without success, Regine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder.

obsessive compulsive