PSYC3365 Chapter 14

Generally, training people to be more creative involves two key practices. ________ is one of the practices involved in promoting creativity.

"Taking the time to understand the problem." and "Encouraging openness to new experiences"

Working on several projects at once is part of which approach to developing creative work environments?

Allow ideas to cross-pollinate

Interviewing people in both organizations to determine "who really knows what to do and how to do it" is a part of what activity of the cultural due diligence analysis?

Assessing intellectual capital

Revising the basic way that business is done is an example of what target of innovation?

Business model innovation

Throwing a party to celebrate the move to a new facility represents which of the following tools for transmitting culture?

Ceremonies

Being honest and open is most important in what activity of a cultural due diligence analysis?

Communicating early and often

As an innovation consultant, you work with a number of firms. Better Mousetraps builds inexpensive but sophisticated mousetraps. They have very capable designers and engineers who are highly motivated by a personal desire to rid the world of mice, yet innovation is low. The CEO asks you to conduct some creativity training. You lead the key designers through a process for coming up with new ideas by reframing common problems in unique ways to come up with multiple or alternative solutions. Along with the training, you interview the designers and engineers and discover that they are not clear on what the CEO wants. You also find they perceive a corporate bias towards the status quo, not an encouragement to innovate. What creativity component seems to be weak at Better Mousetraps?

Creativity-relevant skills

________ is the process of reframing familiar problems in unique ways.

Divergent thinking

Utilizing customer opinion and information is part of what activity of the cultural due diligence audit?

Involve different people from both companies in designing the new enterprise

The use of special language represents which of the following tools for transmitting culture?

Jargon

Changes in pivotal organizational practices are considered examples what target of innovation?

Marketing innovation

Improvements in packaging are considered examples of what target of innovation?

Marketing innovation

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a healthy organizational culture?

People are not free to take risks.

Improvements in production or delivery methods are considered what target of innovation?

Process innovation

Introducing goods that are new or substantially improved is considered what target of innovation?

Product innovation

Giving employees freedom to control their own behavior is part of which approach to developing creative work environments?

Provide autonomy

Faster delivery of packages is considered an example of what target of innovation?

Service innovation

"Just like a good neighbor, State Farm is there" represents which of the following tools for transmitting culture?

Slogans

________ of the organizational innovation process may involve narrowing down broad goals and gathering the resources needed to meet them.

Stage 2 - setting the stage

During ________ of the organizational innovation process, new ideas are generated and tested.

Stage 3 - producing the ideas

It is at this Stage in the organizational innovation process when other parts of the organization become involved in the process.

Stage 4- testing and implementing the ideas

The nurturing of an innovation takes place in this stage, and it is where most ideas are killed.

Stage 4- testing and implementing the ideas

The use of plants and flower arrangements to create the look of friendly, person-oriented culture represents which of the following tools for transmitting culture?

Symbols

As an innovation consultant, you work with a number of firms. Better Mousetraps builds inexpensive but sophisticated mousetraps. They have very capable designers and engineers who are highly motivated by a personal desire to rid the world of mice, yet innovation is low. The CEO asks you to conduct some creativity training. You lead the key designers through a process for coming up with new ideas by reframing common problems in unique ways to come up with multiple or alternative solutions. Along with the training, you interview the designers and engineers and discover that they are not clear on what the CEO wants. You also find they perceive a corporate bias towards the status quo, not an encouragement to innovate. Your interviews of employees have uncovered a weakness in which organizational component for innovation?

The motivation to innovate

Bank of America has been described as very conservative and slow to innovate or try new ideas; in contrast, employees at The Limited are discouraged from making "safe" choices. This difference represents which aspect of organizational culture?

Willingness to take risks

Forest Mars, the founder of the candy company M&M Mars, published the "Five Principles of Mars," which still guide the company today. This publication exemplifies which of the following tools for transmitting culture?

Written statements of principle

A key organizational component necessary to foster innovation is ________.

a culture that encourages innovation

Organizations that emphasize flexibility while also paying a great deal of attention to the external environment are said to have a(n):

adhocracy culture.

Before a merger or acquisition is finalized, many experts recommend that a cultural due diligence analysis should be conducted. During such an analysis, the comparison of the fundamental aspects of the cultures of both organizations would involve ________.

auditing the prevailing cultures

When fostering creativity, it helps to:

avoid the use of similes and metaphors.

According to the competing values framework, the cultures of organizations differ with respect to the values of ________.

both "flexibility and discretion versus stability, order, and control"; "internal affairs versus what is happening in the external environment"

A key factor contributing to the emergence of culture in a company is ________.

both "the influence of company founders" and "the company's experiences with the external environment"

Organizations that have a strong internal focus along with a high degree of flexibility and discretion are said to have a(n):

clan culture.

During his interview, John was told that work hours were 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. However, he noticed after about three weeks that the "up and coming" managers tended to show up by 6:30 a.m. and did not go home until around 7:00 p.m. This is an example of organizational culture's role of:

clarifying standards of behavior.

Explicit statements about the company's moral and ethical values are called:

codes of ethics.

When interpreting an organization's culture, it is important to remember that:

companies actually contain multiple cultures.

The top 50 most innovative companies enjoyed annual profit margin growths that were ________ as compared to the average Standard & Poor's Global 1200 companies.

considerably higher

Ana is helping her employees break their mental sets and think more complexly in order to improve their creativity. Ana is helping them to develop their:

creativity-relevant skills.

To build creativity-related skills, an individual should:

develop the ability to forget unproductive ideas.

Companies engaging in ________ bring about change in the market.

disruptive innovation

As an innovation consultant, you work with a number of firms. Better Mousetraps builds inexpensive but sophisticated mousetraps. They have very capable designers and engineers who are highly motivated by a personal desire to rid the world of mice, yet innovation is low. The CEO asks you to conduct some creativity training. You lead the key designers through a process for coming up with new ideas by reframing common problems in unique ways to come up with multiple or alternative solutions. Along with the training, you interview the designers and engineers and discover that they are not clear on what the CEO wants. You also find they perceive a corporate bias towards the status quo, not an encouragement to innovate. Your creativity training is an example of:

divergent thinking.

The three basic components of creativity in individuals and teams are ________.

domain-relevant skills, creativity-relevant skills, and intrinsic motivation

In the discussion of individual creativity, any concern that the individual has the physical skills necessary to create or innovate is a discussion of:

domain-relevant skills.

An organization with a hierarchy culture is best described by all of the following EXCEPT:

emphasis on production.

Companies engaging in ________ exploit existing technology and operate under conditions in which uncertainty about the future is low.

incremental innovation

The component of creativity that focuses on what people are willing to do is:

intrinsic task motivation.

The distinctive, overarching "personality" of an organization is known as:

its dominant culture.

Two HR professionals were talking in the hallway about OSHA coming to visit and how much they dreaded it. A fellow manager came up and suggested they simply try to be out of the office when he stopped in. They laughed and explained that OSHA was actually a government health and safety organization coming for an inspection and they couldn't just be gone. This is example of the organizational culture transmission tool:

jargon.

Companies with a strong culture are likely to have all of the following EXCEPT:

less screening of new employees

Experience and research show that effective innovation management involves:

linking innovation to the corporate mission.

Organizations that are concerned with stability and control but are external in their orientation are said to have a(n):

market culture.

A cultural due diligence analysis should be done to ensure compatibility before a ________ has been finalized.

merger or acquisition

According to the text, culture clashes are likely to occur in:

mergers and acquisitions.

Graduate students are studying their university's organizational culture. Tanya is examining the extent to which the university makes it easy for students to register for classes and for professors to get clerical support for their classes. Tia has focused on the university's concern about liability and how much it allows professors to experiment with new teaching methods, conduct experiments in classes, etc. Bill has found that there is little expectation that faculty will make independent decisions. Almost everything has to pass through a committee. Students feel like mushrooms; they are kept in the dark and dumped on. As a consequence, faculty members do their own thing and go home. Alumni giving is minimal since most graduates are happy to escape. There is little social consciousness on campus. Bill's research in on the organizational cultural element of:

openness of available communication opportunities.

The merger of Nabisco and R.J. Nabisco is an example of the importance of ________ for the success of a merger.

organizational culture

The cognitive framework consisting of attitudes, values, behavioral norms, and expectations shared by organization members, is referred to as:

organizational culture.

The first step in the creative process is:

prepare to be creative.

The stage of the creative process that involves gathering the appropriate information and concentrating on the problem is:

preparing to be creative.

Organizational culture plays several important roles, such as:

providing a sense of identity for its members.

Companies making ________ explore new technology and operate under highly uncertain conditions.

radical innovations

Nissan has telemarketers call customers after they've bought a car, had a car serviced, or done business with a Nissan dealer to check on their satisfaction and to ask for ways to improve their service. Nissan provides feedback cards in the showrooms for customer use. These are examples of Nissan building the organizational cultural value of:

sensitivity to others.

Graduate students are studying their university's organizational culture. Tanya is examining the extent to which the university makes it easy for students to register for classes and for professors to get clerical support for their classes. Tia has focused on the university's concern about liability and how much it allows professors to experiment with new teaching methods, conduct experiments in classes, etc. Bill has found that there is little expectation that faculty will make independent decisions. Almost everything has to pass through a committee. Students feel like mushrooms; they are kept in the dark and dumped on. As a consequence, faculty members do their own thing and go home. Alumni giving is minimal since most graduates are happy to escape. There is little social consciousness on campus. Tanya is examining the ________ element of organizational culture.

sensitivity to the needs of customers and employees

Betsy is creating a mission statement and focusing on motivation. She is ________ for innovation.

setting the agenda

According to the creative process model, allowing ideas to incubate means to:

sleep on it.

The Body Shop International's explicit statement concerning its commitment to environmental issues is an example of the organizational culture transmission tool of:

statements of principle.

During new employee orientation, the facilitator explains how the founder of the company came from overseas with no money and unable to speak the language, but by hard work was able to build this company in 15 years to its current size. This is example of the organizational culture transmission tool:

stories.

In the transmission of organizational culture, material objects that connote meanings that extend beyond their intrinsic content are called:

symbols.

The most important organizational cultural element for managing innovation is:

the balancing of goals, rewards, and time pressure.

Organizational cultures change over time due to:

the changing characteristics of the workforce.; changes in an organization's external environment.; government policies.

The growing ethnic and cultural diversity of employees is one example of how ________ is/are causing change in organizational cultures.

the composition of the workforce

Intrinsic task motivation tends to be high when:

the employee has a personal interest in the task.

A number of great innovations were initially rejected or turned down, including:

the movie Star Wars; movies with sound tracks; the Beatles

If a company shapes its culture around a strategy like price leadership or high quality products, its culture is growing out of the factor of:

the organization's experience with the external environment.

Bill is considering working for Dayton Computers. He notices that the company shows respect for individuals' rights, is fair, and supportive. He is assessing the organizational cultural element of:

the value placed on people.

When someone is trying to be creative and use a series of "rules" to approach tasks in novel ways, they are building their creativity by:

using a creativity heuristic.

The final stage of the creativity process is:

verify ideas.

Graduate students are studying their university's organizational culture. Tanya is examining the extent to which the university makes it easy for students to register for classes and for professors to get clerical support for their classes. Tia has focused on the university's concern about liability and how much it allows professors to experiment with new teaching methods, conduct experiments in classes, etc. Bill has found that there is little expectation that faculty will make independent decisions. Almost everything has to pass through a committee. Students feel like mushrooms; they are kept in the dark and dumped on. As a consequence, faculty members do their own thing and go home. Alumni giving is minimal since most graduates are happy to escape. There is little social consciousness on campus. Tia's research is on the ________ element of organizational culture.

willingness to take risks