psych 100

Which of the following is false about sensation?

Sensation refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.

On a graph of a correlation coefficient, points falling near to a straight sloped line indicate ________.

a strong correlation

________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

action potential

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.

adaptation

During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?

adrenal

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

archival

________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives.

binocular

Inattentional ________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention.

blindness

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

circadian

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

cones

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confirmation bias

According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, hypnosis is ________.

effectively a dissociated state of consciousness

________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.

electroencephalography (EEG)

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness? Group of answer choices

evolutionary

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.

evolutionary psychologists

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

experimental

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent?

explaining the hypothesis to the participants

The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________.

fast; long lasting

Broca's area is located in which lobe of the brain?

frontal

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

gestalt

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

it is complex

Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?

john Watson

Which term describes the perception of the body's movement through space?

kinesthesia

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

latent

________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

lateralization

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.

limbic system; emotional

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time.

longitudinal

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time.

longitudinal method

In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content. Group of answer choices

lucid

Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ________.

more than one gene

In operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

negative reinforcement

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

night terrors

Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.

receptors; receptors

Psychology refers to the

scientific study of the mind

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

Which of these statements about Rosalind Cartwright is false?

she is a Jungain dream analyst

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

sleep

What is a limitation that affects the generalizability of research results?

small sample size

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?

-0.5

Which of the following statements best describes trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory?

Both theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system.

Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?

Carl Rogers

When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called________ reinforcement.

Continuous

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

Rosalind Cartwright

Who experimented with rats to demonstrate that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement?

Edward C. Tolman

Of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 36.8% were likely to develop schizophrenia; of adoptees whose mothers did not have schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 5.3% were likely to develop schizophrenia. What is the most appropriate conclusion of these results?

Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia.

Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment.

It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear.

How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear?

It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

______ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion.

John B Watson

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Spontaneous acquisition is the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response.

The word "acquisition" should be changed to the word "recovery."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency." Group of answer choices

The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased."

Lesley, a sociology major, believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes that good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?

They could research peer-reviewed articles to see if either perspective is supported.

Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses?

They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

confounding variable

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

control

Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________. Group of answer choices

darkness; light

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.

debrief participants; deception

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

A major advantage of case studies is

detailed information

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?

developmental psychology

When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________.

homeostasis

Katia is experiencing a state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn't notice. This state was induced through ________.

hypnosis

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n

illusory correlation

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter.

independent variable

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?

observational

Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.

opioid

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract. Group of answer choices

parasympathetic

________ is a chemical message sent by another individual.

pheromone

The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.

pituitary

Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes

placebo effect

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

somatic

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.

spinal cord

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

surveys

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?

taking your dog to the park every afternoon at 4:00 p.m.

Which of the following exemplifies gustation?

tasting freshly caught salmon

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Shimon offers Mouin some salmon. Mouin thinks, "How nice. My friend is offering me fish. I wonder where he got it." This thought leads Mouin to feel happy, appreciative, and curious; he responds with a smile and an extended hand.

top-down

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors