Psych 101 Exam 2

Match each term with its corresponding example. Some terms may match with more than one example. 1. absolute threshold 2. sensory adaptation 3. difference threshold a. When Jamal goes camping in the desert, half of the nights he can see a small animal's eyes three miles away. b. When Dan's iPhone is on the lowest setting, he can hear music 50 percent of the time. c. Cathy has lived near the windmill for over two months and is no longer bothered by the sound it makes. d. Nina samples the tomato sauce she is making and compares it to her mother's leftover sauce. She adds more basil until it tastes like her mother's sauce.

1.a. absolute threshold - When Jamal goes camping in the desert, half of the nights he can see a small animal's eyes three miles away. 1.b. absolute threshold - When Dan's iPhone is on the lowest setting, he can hear music 50 percent of the time. 2.c. sensory adaptation - Cathy has lived near the windmill for over two months and is no longer bothered by the sound it makes. 3.d. difference threshold - Nina samples the tomato sauce she is making and compares it to her mother's leftover sauce. She adds more basil until it tastes like her mother's sauce.

Match each food with the basic taste sensation it is most likely to stimulate. Drag each item on the left to its matching item on the right. 1. day-old black coffee 2. meat 3. potato chips 4. a green apple 5. chocolate candy a. sour b. umami c. bitter d. sweet e. salty

1.c. day-old black coffee - bitter 2.b. meat - umami 3.e. potato chips - salty 4.a. green apple - sour 5.d. chocolate candy - sweet

Match each term with its definition. 1. sensation 2. perception 3. sensory receptors 4. transduction a. interpretation of sensory input b. changes of sensory stimuli into brain signals c. detection of sensory input d. organs that detect stimulation

1.c. sensation - detection of sensory input 2.a. perception - interpretation of sensory input 3.d. sensory receptors - organs that detect stimulation 4.b. transduction - changes of sensory stimuli into brain signals

Match each term about hearing with its description. 1. amplitude 2. hair cells 3. frequency 4. temporal lobe 5. hertz a. auditory receptor cells b. location of primary auditory cortex c. loudness d. frequency measurement e. pitch

2.a. hair cells - auditory receptor cells 4. temporal lobe - location of primary auditory complex 1.c. amplitude - loudness 5.d. hertz - frequency measurement 3.e. frequency - pitch

Match each Gestalt perceptual grouping rule with its corresponding example. 1. continuity 2. illusory contours 3. closure 4. similarity 5. proximity a. A person completes incomplete figures that have gaps. b. A person groups together objects that look the same. c. A person sees an object as a whole even when part of it is hidden behind another object. d. Shapes are perceived even if they are not outlined. e. A person groups together objects that are near one another.

3.a. closure - A person completes incomplete figures that have gaps. 4.b. similarity - A person groups together objects that look the same. 1.c. continuity - A person sees an object as a whole even when part of it is hidden behind another object. 2.d. illusory contours - Shapes are perceived even if they are not outlined. 5.e. proximity - A person groups together objects that are near one another.

When Sasha eats a watermelon, many steps are involved for her brain to interpret what her taste receptors pick up. Match each term with the example from this scenario. 1. transduction 2. perception 3. sensation a. The food tastes like watermelon. b. Molecules of food stimulate receptors on her tongue. c. Cells in her taste buds send signals to the brain.

3.b. sensation - Molecules of food stimulate receptors on her tongue. 1.c. transduction - Cells in her taste buds send signals to the brain. 2.a. perception - The food tastes like watermelon.

Marcia pokes fun at her husband Brian because he loves to sing in the shower every morning, but his singing is terribly off-key. On the other hand, Brian teases Marcia for talking so loudly when she's on the telephone. Identify which terms about sounds and sound waves apply to Brian, and which apply to Marcia. a. volume b. frequency c. amplitude d. pitch

Brian: b. frequency & d. pitch Marcia: a. volume & c. amplitude

Which of the following facts support the trichromatic theory of color vision? We have more trouble visualizing reddish green than reddish yellow. After staring at a yellow spot, a person sees a blue afterimage. The eye contains three types of cone cells, activated by short, medium, and long wavelengths. We can create yellow light by combining red light and green light in equal amounts.

Correct Answer(s) The eye contains three types of cone cells, activated by short, medium, and long wavelengths. We can create yellow light by combining red light and green light in equal amounts. Incorrect Answer(s) We have more trouble visualizing reddish green than reddish yellow. After staring at a yellow spot, a person sees a blue afterimage.

Abram was violently tackled in a football game. Though he did not notice the injury during the game, afterward he feels a dull pain in his leg. Identify the true statements about Abram's pain. a. Information about the pain in his leg is being sent to the brain using slow fibers. b. The dull pain acts as a reminder to keep Abram from using his leg while it heals. c. Information about the pain in his leg is being sent to the brain using myelinated axons. d. Abram did not feel pain during the game because he was distracted.

a. Information about the pain in his leg is being sent to the brain using slow fibers. b. The dull pain acts as a reminder to keep Abram from using his leg while it heals. d. Abram did not feel pain during the game because he was distracted.

Rebecca notices a person driving erratically at night. She calls the police and describes the car as dark brown with four doors. When the driver is found, Rebecca is surprised to see that the car is red with two doors. For which of the following reasons did Rebecca see the car but mistake its color and details? Select all that apply. a. Rebecca was using her rods to look at the car. b. Rods decode color and are not active in the dark. c. Rebecca was using her cones to look at the car. d. Cones decode color and detail mainly in bright light.

a. Rebecca was using her rods to look at the car. d. Cones decode color and detail mainly in bright light.

Which of the following are the basic taste sensations? Select all that apply. a. bitter b. sweet c. disgusting d. hot e. spicy f. sour g. salty h. umami

a. bitter b. sweet f. sour g. salty h. umami

Phyllis is recovering from surgery on a shattered ankle. Which of the following methods of decreasing pain would be effective? Select all that apply. a. watching a funny movie b. reading an engaging book c. playing relaxing music d. visualizing a high level of pain e. thinking constantly about the pain

a. watching a funny movie b. reading an engaging book c. playing relaxing music

Place in order the sensation and perception processes from the time the rainbow is first detected by the eye to when it is perceived by the brain. a. Cells in the occipital lobe are activated, allowing someone to recognize a rainbow in the sky. b. A rainbow appears in the sky. c. The thalamus relays signals to the occipital lobe. d. Rods and cones detect the rainbow. e. Neural signals are sent through the optic nerve to the brain. f. Transduction takes place in the rods and cones.

b. A rainbow appears in the sky. d. Rods and cones detect the rainbow. f. Transduction takes place in the rods and cones. e. Neural signals are sent through the optic nerve to the brain. c. The thalamus relays signals to the occipital lobe. a. Cells in the occipital lobe are activated, allowing someone to recognize a rainbow in the sky.

Joe is camping in the mountains when a storm suddenly hits. Joe hears the thunder and sees the lightning. A lightning strike starts a forest fire; soon Joe can smell the smoke. Which areas of the brain will process the various sensory inputs Joe is receiving from the storm? Select all that apply. a. gustatory cortex b. olfactory cortex c. temporal lobe d. parietal lobe e. occipital lobe

b. olfactory cortex c. temporal lobe e. occipital lobe

Light stimuli entering the eye encounter a series of structures while traveling to the brain. Place the structures in the correct order. primary visual cortex ganglion cells cornea retina rods and cones optic nerve thalamus

cornea, retina, rods and cones, ganglion cells, optic nerve, thalamus, primary visual cortex

Place in order the steps involved for sound waves to create a perception of the sound in the brain. a. Stimulated hair cells send information to the auditory nerve. b. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup transfer vibration to the oval window. c. The thalamus directs information to the brain's primary auditory cortex. d. The auditory nerve carries information to the thalamus. e. Pressure waves of the cochlea move the basilar membrane. f. Sound waves enter the auditory canal. g. The eardrum vibrates.

f. Sound waves enter the auditory canal. g. The eardrum vibrates. b. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup transfer vibration to the oval window. e. Pressure waves of the cochlea move the basilar membrane. a. Stimulated hair cells send information to the auditory nerve. d. The auditory nerve carries information to the thalamus. c. The thalamus directs information to the brain's primary auditory cortex.

Choose the term that best completes the passage. Seth had been looking forward to the sailing trip, but as soon as the water got choppy he felt dizzy and sick. The sense, based on liquid in the inner ear and responsible for Seth's sickness, is called the __________ sense. vestibular kinesthetic localization temporal

vestibular