PSYCH 101 Exam 3 (Unit 5)

Jennifer is desperately afraid of snakes. Her psychologist believes that her fear of snakes may have been classically conditioned. If her psychologist is correct, Jennifer's fear is the

CR

Dan was riding a bus when the engine backfired and made a loud "bang." His heart started pounding, and he felt sick with fear. The next time Dan got on a bus, these unpleasant feelings returned. How would Pavlov explain what happened to Dan?

The unpleasant feeling had become a conditioned response.

In order to "cry" during a particular scene, an actress held a handkerchief soaked in onion juice close to her face. The onion juice served as a(n)

UCS

When Nora goes into a cupcake bakery, she is surrounded by cues associated with cupcakes. her response elicited by these cues is to expect a very delicious dessert. When she waits until she gets home to eat the cupcake, that is exactly what she experiences. However, when she eats the cupcake at the bakery it is not as delicious as she predicted. Which concept explains this phenomenon of cues reducing the strength of the unconditioned response (i.e., enjoyment of the cupcake)?

conditioned compensatory responses

Dr. Robins is a psychologist with an interest in photography. She wants to see if she can train people to salivate when they look at photographs. In her research, participants look at photographs of trees while lemonade crystals are placed on their tongues. The lemonade causes them to salivate. Over the course of many trials, people start to salivate to the photographs alone. In this situation, the photographs serve as the

conditioned stimuli

In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments, the neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response is known as the

conditioned stimulus

A man loses his superstitious fear of black cats when bad outcomes do not happen after he sees one. What is this process called?

extinction

A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience is called

learning

Milton's boss asks him to come into her office. To determine whether this request is a signal of good or bad news, Milton looks to see if his boss is smiling or frowning and whether the tone of her voice sounds positive or negative. Milton is using _____ to inform his decision.

stimulus discrimination

Buffy was petting her cat when she heard a loud clattering from an upstairs room. She became very startled. Now, she feels a bit fearful when she touches anything furry. This process would be referred to in behavioral terms as

stimulus generalization

Stimulus generalization is strongest when

the stimuli are very pleasurable