Psych 101 Final

Who is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs?

Abraham Maslow

____ is the difference in grades and test scores among different ethnicities, races, and sexes.

Achievement gap

You rub bitter paste under your nails to stop biting them. What technique is this?

Aversive conditioning

The ____ rhyme is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.

Circadian

The scientific process is ______, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.

Circular

Two forms of associative learning are _____ and _____.

Classical conditioning; operant conditioning.

A ______ variable affects both variables of interest and may lead to false conclusions.

Confounding variable

______ intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation

Creative

What chemical is related to mood?

Dophamine

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

Erik Erikson

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she _____.

Experiences mood states that go between depression and mania

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?

Favoring women over men

_____ refers to a person's genetic makeup; _____ refers to a person's physical characteristics.

Genotype; phenotype

Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress?

Heart rate increases when Steve notices Tom has a knife

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel

The social cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ____.

Hypnotized people perform the social role of a hypnotized person

I want to run a marathon so I buy new shoes and train at the track. What is the motivation

completing a marathon

The three functions of memory are _____?

encoding, storage, and retrieval

Locus of control- Outcomes out of our control are ____; we control our own outcomes _____.

external; internal

The facial ___ hypothesis states that facial expressions can influence our emotions

feedback

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgement

Operant conditioning; _____ when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

negative reinforcement

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a _____.

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

what does set point theory suggest about the probable results of a bariatric surgery?

no long term weight loss, as the body will seek its set point

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and_______?

operation of whole mind rather than individual parts

The Scacter-Singer two factor theory of emotion, says the emotions consist of:

physiological and cognitive

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

predisposition to depression; not experiences until triggered

This appraisal involved judgment about potential harm or threat to well-being from a stressor

primary

Assuming your professor spends free time reading instead of playing a sport is a ____

representational bias

_____ amnesia for events prior to trauma; _____ amnesia can't form new memories.

retrograde; anterograde

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

shaping

______ is another word for sleepwalking.

somnambulism

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the_____.

spinal cord

Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?

stress increases from low to moderate; performance increases

The effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to false memories is____.

suggestibility

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists study:

the mind and behavior

Form a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ______.

thinking

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

Testing learning strategies on word retention: Strategy is to_____ variable; Retention is______ variable

Independent; Dependent

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

It is complex

What is the semantic memory?

Knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based facts

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and Neo-Freudians?

Neos reduced the emphasis on sex

The ____ Inkblot test is thought to revel unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.

Rorschach

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

Social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Sleep with spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with _____sleep.

Stage 2

The space between two neurons is called the _____.

Synapse

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

anti-smoking ads rely on celebrity spokespeople

Which parenting style is most encouraged in America?

authoritative

Schemata are a______

brain's was to organize info to work more efficiently

Bill considers his new job a _____, as he sees increased opportunities rather than responsibilities.

challenge rather than a threat

A psychological disorder is _____.

characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors