Psych 111 Jones Exam 5 Part 4

Which tool did Gordon Allport use as a starting point to develop the five factors of personality?

The dictionary

Describe Allport and Odbert's approach for creating a comprehensive list of personality traits

worked through dictionary, organized into cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits

Dr. Graziano is a personality researcher and has designed a new study to focus on the Big Five factor model of personality. The survey that he is using asks participants to rate themselves on questions about topics such as being forgiving, helpful, uncooperative, rude, gullible, irritable, and manipulative. Based on what you've learned about personality, which personality trait does Dr. Graziano's lab focus on?

Agreeableness

Charles is the life of the party. He's always wanting to meet new people, and he's comfortable in any social situation. Charles would be high in which personality factor?

Extraversion

Which of the following accurately describes the facet approach of personality?

Factors in the five-factor model can be subdivided into more facets which can be studied

Compare and contrast the Five-Factor and HEXACO models of personality traits.

The HEXACO adds Honesty-Humility as a sixth dimension of personality. People high in this trait are sincere, fair, and modest, whereas those low in the trait are manipulative, narcissistic, and self-centered.

Madeleine is creative, artistic, curious, and imaginative. She is high on which of the Big 5 Personality Factors?

Openness

Describe the traits of the Five-Factor Model (think OCEAN) and how someone might behave if they are high or low in one of the traits.

Openness: appreciate the new Conscientiousness: be careful Extraversion:talkative and sociable Agreeableness: get along Neuroticism: frequently experience negative emotionss

Explain the facet (or subtraits) approach of personality.

Smaller aspects of one's personality that make up the 5 factor model

Lexical hypothesis

The lexical hypothesis is the idea that the most important differences between people will be encoded in the language that we use to describe people. Therefore, if we want to know which personality traits are most important, we can look to the language that people use to describe themselves and others.

Person-situation debate

The person-situation debate is a historical debate about the relative power of personality traits as compared to situational influences on behavior. The situationist critique, which started the person-situation debate, suggested that people overestimate the extent to which personality traits are consistent across situations.

Halo effect

a tendency to believe that people have inherently good or bad natures rather than looking at individual characteristics

Explain the characteristics of a personality trait.

consistent or enduring way of feeling, thinking, or behaving