Psych 111 - Practice Exam 1

How would Levels of Processing Theory describe the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal in terms of establishing long-term memories?

Elaborative is more effective than maintenance.

In an experimental study of the effects of anxiety on self-esteem, anxiety is the (blank) variable.

independent

Sperling's delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that

information in sensory memory fades within 1 or 2 seconds.

A visual illusion is an example of a (blank). Shape consistency is an example of a (blank).

lack of correspondence; paradoxical correspondence

If two objects (such as two people) are thought to be about the same size, the object that casts a smaller retinal image is perceived to be:

more distant

In order to uncover gender differences in certain behaviors, Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of men and women as they browse through racks of clothing and select the items they wish to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter employing?

naturalistic observation

Sensory adaptation helps us to focus our attention on (blank) stimuli.

novel

In a "change blindness" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the

participants were counting the number of ball passes.

Visual information is processed by (blank) before being processed by (blank) and is later processed by (blank).

photoreceptors; ganglion cells; the thalamus

The tendency for a recently presented word or concept to facilitate the response in a subsequent situation is known as:

priming

The parietal lobe is

where signals are received from the sensory system for touch.

Eleven-month-old Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat. Initially, Albert showed no fear of the rat, but he was startled and began to cry by a loud noise behind him when he reached out to touch the rat. The loud noise was the..

unconditioned stimulus

What is EASIEST to search for in a visual search task?

A banana among oranges

You have volunteered for a psychology experiment. During the study, the experimenter presses a buzzer and then shoots a puff of air into your eyes, making you blink. After a few trials, you blink as soon as you hear the sound of the buzzer. The buzzer has become the (blank) and the puff of air is the (blank).

CS; US

The "Little Albert" experiment involving the rat and the loud noise is an example of which of the following types of experiments?

Classical conditioning

What question was Tolman's maze experiment (with rats) designed to answer?

Do rats construct an internal cognitive map or do they rely exclusively on environmental cues?

In lecture we discussed experiments investigating misinformation in eyewitness testimony (e.g., misremembering broken glass at the scene of an auto accident). What was the major conclusion drawn from these experiments?

Misinformation given after-the-fact can alter previously encoded information.

In a visual search task, what requires attention?

Only conjunctive searches

Dreams usually occur during which sleep stage?

REM sleep

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about retrograde amnesia?

Retrograde amnesia is typically worse for memories from just before the trauma compared to memories from long before the trauma

The misinformation effect (e.g., studies by Loftus) occurs when a person's memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented

after the event.

Pitch is to frequency as loudness is to

amplitude.

John Watson considered himself to be a:

behaviorist

The capacity of short-term memory can be expanded by "repackaging" information into familiar groups. This describes the process known as:

chunking

B.F. Skinner is to Ivan Pavlov as operant conditioning is to

classical conditioning.

Illusory conjunctions are

combinations of features from different stimuli.

A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which changes in one factor are accompanied by changes in another is called a(n)

correlation

Information is generally received by the neuron's (blank), and sent to other neurons by its (blank) which is encased by the (blank).

dendrites; axon; myelin sheath

Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce:

epileptic siezures

Snowball the cat always got her dinner right after the clock chimed at five o'clock. As a result, she began to salivate as soon as the clock chimed five times. Her owner recently switched jobs and is no longer feeding Snowball at five o'clock. Now, Snowball does not salivate when the clock chimes at five o'clock. Snowball's response has been...

extinguished.

A book club that offers a free book after every tenth purchase operates on a:

fixed-ratio schedule

The Stroop effect demonstrates

how automatic processing can interfere with intended processing.

Nocturnal animals are awake and active at night. They are likely to have mostly (blank) in their retinas.

rods

Damage to the fovea has greatest effect on:

sensitivity to fine detail

You ask your 3 year old nephew to recite the alphabet. He can only remember A-B-C and X-Y-Z. This is consistent with:

serial position effect

The digit span is a measure of a person's

short-term memory

In preparing you for flight or fight, the sympathetic nervous system:

stimulates glucose release by the liver.

The occipital lobe is

the first place in the cerebral cortex where visual information is received

Absolute threshold is best defined as;

the minimum amount of stimulation necessary to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time.

A synapse is

the space between neurons.