PSYCH 21A

Ten-year-old Luna's budding feelings of sexual attraction are most likely explained:

By maturation of the adrenal glands through the process called adrenarche

Which of the following statements about the secular trend is true? A. There is currently no evidence that boys have followed the secular trend. B. Evidence for the secular trend in boys can be found in reports from European children's choirs. C. Experts agree that the secular trend (for boys and girls) has indeed continued in recent years. D. Scientists believe that the secular trend is caused by chemicals in the food supply.

C. Experts agree that the secular trend (for boys and girls) has indeed continued in recent years.

Based on information presented in the textbook, in the United States today, which of the following strategies would be the least efficient way to promote adolescent health? A. increasing adolescents' knowledge and understanding of health-promoting behaviors B. changing an aspect of the context in which adolescents live C. ensuring that school bathrooms are sanitary D. parental encouragement of adolescent exercise

C. ensuring that school bathrooms are sanitary

Mike, an early maturer, is more likely to __________ than Bob, a late maturer A. experience pseudomaturity B. suffer greater consequences if bullied by peers C. experiment with drugs and alcohol D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Who of the following is likely to gain excess weight during adolescence? A. Mary, who gets inadequate sleep on school nights but sleeps in on the weekends B. Kevin, who gets insufficient physical inactivity, but lives near recreational facilities C. Tony whose friends are relatively overweight D. All of these adolescents are likely to gain excessive weight during puberty.

D. All of these adolescents are likely to gain excessive weight during puberty.

Bickering and squabbling between teenagers and their parents is largely caused by:

adolescents' ability to formulate counterarguments.

A research design in which subjects of different ages are assessed simultaneously is called a:

cross-sectional study

The ability to see beyond what is directly observable and reason in terms of what might be possible is called:

hypothetical thinking

Follow-up studies of Swedish women who had been early maturers found that as adults they were:

less likely to continue their education beyond high school.

Research testing Elkind's theory of adolescent egocentrism has found that certain aspects:

may remain present throughout the adolescent and adult years

The physical transformation from child to adult is called:

puberty

Adolescents develop the ability to think about social issues, a concept more generally referred to as:

social cognition

Which of the following is probably true for Ashley, an early-maturing girl who was short and stocky as a child?

After puberty, she will be shorter and heavier than her late-maturing peers.

Which group is most at risk for obesity?

B. early-maturing Black girls

Which of the following does not support adolescents' improved ability to use deductive reasoning, as described by the text? A. the ability to inhibit a prepotent response B. the ability to stop oneself from acting automatically C. the ability to make an inference based on accumulated evidence D. the ability to recognize when a question cannot be answered with certainty

C. the ability to make an inference based on accumulated evidence

Studies show that adolescent mood swings are most closely related to changes in:

activities

Almost half of all teenage deaths in the United States are a result of:

car accidents and other unintentional injuries.

The first sign of puberty in girls is generally:

growth of breasts.

The adolescent growth spurt generally begins

two years earlier for girls than for boys

The rapid increase in body fat that adolescent girls experience leads to

a majority of adolescent girls dieting unnecessarily

Suzanne and Greg are the first members of their class to begin the pubertal transition. Based on what you know about earlymaturing adolescents, Suzanne and Greg are more likely to

become involved in illegal activities

Based on research addressing ethnic differences in the timing and rate of pubertal maturation, which American girl would be expected to be the earliest to mature? A. Brandy, a middle-income Black adolescent B. Miranda, a middle-income Mexican adolescent C. Emily, a middle-income White adolescent D. Kimberly, a middle-income Asian adolescent

A. Brandy, a middle-income Black adolescent

Who is at the greatest risk of developing body dissatisfaction? A. Callie, an early-maturing, affluent White girl who compares herself to her friends B. Miranda, a late-maturing Black girl C. John, an early-maturing Black male who compares himself to his friends D. Mike, a late-maturing White male who feels he is not muscular enough

A. Callie, an early-maturing, affluent White girl who compares herself to her friends

Which of the following statements about puberty's impact on family relationships is true? A. Puberty appears to increase distance between parents and children. B. Other species do not experience distance during the pubertal transition. C. Distancing effect of puberty on adolescent-parent relationships is consistently observed in minority families. D. Puberty does not interfere with family relations

A. Puberty appears to increase distance between parents and children.

Which of the following statements about the production of hormones at puberty is false? A. The body begins to produce several hormones that have not been present in the body up until this time. B. There is an increase in the production of certain hormones. C. Boys' bodies produce more androgens and girls' bodies produce more estrogens. D. The feedback loop regulating the endocrine system's set point for each hormone becomes increasingly important.

A. The body begins to produce several hormones that have not been present in the body up until this time.

Avram is considered a late-maturing boy. A year after pubertal onset, we would expect Avram to show all of the following advantages over his early-maturing peers, except: A. greater athletic ability. B. more intellectual curiosity. C. greater exploratory behavior. D. higher levels of social initiative

A. greater athletic ability.

Who of the following is probably a child (and not an adolescent)? A. Jeanette, someone who can easily describe her thought process B. Christine, someone who tends to think about things one aspect at a time C. Bryan, who tends to question everything, just for the sake of argument D. Brandon, someone who entertains many possibilities before making the final decision

B. Christine, someone who tends to think about things one aspect at a time

Which of the following statements suggests that rising levels of the protein leptin is an important signal that tells the body it is ready for puberty? A. Production of pubic hair relates to increased sex drive. B. Excessive thinness can delay onset of puberty. C. Poorer adolescents tend to go through puberty earlier than non-poor adolescents. D. Excessive exercise promotes early physical development.

B. Excessive thinness can delay onset of puberty

Which of the following statements about the timing and tempo of sexual maturation is true? A. In the United States, and in all other countries, menarche typically occurs around age 12. B. The duration of puberty varies widely, from 1.5 to 6 years in girls and 2 to 5 years in boys. C. Adolescents who begin puberty early are also those who complete it early. D. Adolescents who begin puberty earlier usually grow to be taller adults.

B. The duration of puberty varies widely, from 1.5 to 6 years in girls and 2 to 5 years in boys.

Which of the following characteristics is not typically associated with being an early-maturing girl? A. feelings of awkwardness and self-consciousness B. being less popular, especially with boys C. being more likely to become involved in juvenile delinquency D. being less likely to pursue advanced education and a demanding caree

B. being less popular, especially with boys

The most virulent threats to adolescent health come from all of the following, except: A. unhealthy behaviors, such as drug use. B. chronic disabilities, such as cancer. C. violence inflicted by themselves or by others. D. risky activities, such as unprotected sexual intercourse.

B. chronic disabilities, such as cancer.

All of the following are reasons that males have greater gains in strength than females during early adolescence, except: A. increased production of androgens among females. B. strong societal pressures on girls to decrease their physical activity in adolescence. C. inadequate nutrition among adolescent girls. D. sex differences in body fat.

B. strong societal pressures on girls to decrease their physical activity in adolescence.

Which of the following girls will experience the greatest menstrual discomfort? A. Sarita, who is prepared for the physical changes B. Alison, who is a late maturer C. Loryn, who has a negative attitude toward menarche D. Janet, who is unpopular among her classmates

C. Loryn, who has a negative attitude toward menarche

Renee, a 6-year-old, is unable to answer the question, "How are a motorcycle and a bicycle alike?" Mohammed, a 17-year-old, answers the same question by saying, "They are both types of transportation." What statement about Renee and Mohammed is most true? A. Renee's inability to answer the question is very unusual for a child her age. B. Mohammed has demonstrated the ability to think concretely. C. Mohammed has demonstrated the ability to think abstractly. D. According to Piaget's theory, Renee and Mohammed are both developmentally delayed.

C. Mohammed has demonstrated the ability to think abstractly.

All of the following are features of hypothetical thinking, except: A. seeing beyond what is directly observable B. applying logical reasoning to anticipate what might be possible C. imagining the logic behind another person's argument D. greater awareness of concrete, observable events.

C. imagining the logic behind another person's argument

The impact of early maturation on problem behaviors or depression is worse when: A. adolescents have many stressful life events. B. have harsh or inconsistent parents. C. live in disadvantaged neighborhoods. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

The biological changes that take place during puberty can cause changes in adolescents' behavior in all of the following ways, except: A. directly. B. by affecting the adolescent's self-image. C. by affecting the reactions of others to the adolescent. D. All of these are ways in which biological changes occurring in puberty can cause changes in adolescents' behavior.

D. All of these are ways in which biological changes occurring in puberty can cause changes in adolescents' behavior.

Which adolescent is at highest risk for suicide?

D. American Indian/Alaskan Native males

Which of the following statements about adolescent mood swings is false? A. The effect of hormones on adolescent mood swings is strongest early in puberty. B. Adolescents' moods fluctuate during the course of the day more than the moods of adults. C. Adolescent mood swings parallel their changes in activities. D. Hormones play a greater role in the development of depression than do stressful life events

D. Hormones play a greater role in the development of depression than do stressful life events

According to the textbook, puberty involves all of the following except: A. development of the primary sex characteristics. B. changes in distribution of fat and muscle in the body. C. development of secondary sex characteristics. D. increases in intellectual functioning

D. Increases in intellectual functioning

Who most closely resembles the profile of someone who has binge eating disorder? A. Steve, a wrestler who nearly starves himself so he can stay in his weight bracket B. Carla, a gymnast who binges on junk food but makes herself vomit after each meal C. Howard, a football player who believes he is overweight and exercises twice a day, seven days a week D. Sherri, a volleyball player who binges on junk food but does not engage in any other weight loss behaviors

D. Sherri, a volleyball player who binges on junk food but does not engage in any other weight loss behaviors

Which of the following statements about prenatal development is not true? Up until about eight weeks after conception, all human brains are feminine. A. Up until 8 weeks after conception, all human brains are feminine B. Puberty is part of a gradual process that begins at conception. C. All hormones necessary for puberty are present before birth. D. The amount of cortisol exposed to the fetus is directly linked to the timing and tempo of puberty.

D. The amount of cortisol exposed to the fetus is directly linked to the timing and tempo of puberty

Which of the following is not associated with the "new morbidity and mortality" of adolescence? A. accidents B. suicide C. homicide D. cancer

D. cancer

All of the following are indicators of metacognition, except: A. introspection. B. self-consciousness. C. using mental strategies to remember something. D. deductive reasoning

D. deductive reasoning

Which of the following was not offered by the textbook as an explanation for the sex differences in the impact of early and late maturation? A. the cultural desirability of thin body types B. the developmental readiness hypothesis C. the maturational deviance hypothesis D. genetic makeup

D. genetic makeup

Which of the following is not one of the five chief changes in cognition during adolescence? A. multidimensional thought B. metacognition C. abstract reasoning D. increased imagination

D. increased imagination

All of the following are aspects of metacognition, except: A. conserving mental resources B. thinking about thinking C. appraising comprehension D. managing thinking

D. managing thinking

Which of the following conditions is most likely to produce the most favorable and easiest adjustment to menarche? A. when the girl's mother prepares her by describing the unpleasant aspects of menarche B. when the girl reaches menarche early C. when menarche occurs before the girl has been told about the physical changes which will occur D. when the girl knows the facts about the physical changes her body will undergo

D. when the girl knows the facts about the physical changes her body will undergo

The erroneous belief that one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique is called:

a personal fable.

The simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and _________ stimulates rapid acceleration in height and weight during puberty.

androgens

The potentially fatal disorder in which young women actually starve themselves is called:

anorexia nervosa

Theresa has been known to go on eating binges and then purge immediately afterward. Theresa is probably suffering from:

bulimia

Given a choice, Mike would prefer to stay up until 1:00 a.m. and sleep until 10:00 a.m. This pattern is called the:

delayed phase preference

Rosy believes that "fat is beautiful" and has a steady diet of fried chicken, French fries, and cheeseburgers. Tanya believes that "thin is in" and uses vomiting and laxatives as a way to keep her weight down. Both girls exhibit what psychologists call:

disordered eating

Differences in the timing and rate of puberty among individuals growing up in the same general environment are largely caused by:

genetic factors

Although both sexes experience changes in muscle tissue and body fat, the ratio of muscle to body fat is:

greater in boys than girls.

John is a junior in high school. Although he is sociable, he feels very self-conscious. He feels as if everyone is evaluating him. David Elkind refers to this loss of perspective in adolescence as:

imaginary audience

Fifteen-year-old Hermione is able to write a much more complex answer than 10-year-old Ginger to the question, "Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using simple spells for self-protection." This is because, as an adolescent, Hermione is

in multiple dimensions.

What thought process helps adolescents appreciate the sarcasm and satire of Family Guy and The Simpsons?

multidimensional thinking

The presence or absence of certain hormones early in life may "program" the brain and the nervous system to develop in certain ways later on. These hormones are considered

organizational

Of all the developments that take place during the second decade in life, the only one that is truly inevitable is

physical maturation

Which of the following female sex characteristics is usually the last to develop?

regular ovulation

The delayed phase preference suggests that:

school should begin later in the morning

Puberty began for Nancy when she was 9 years old. Her mother began puberty at 11 years. For her grandmother, the onset was at 13 years of age. These changes in the age of onset of puberty over time are referred to as:

secular trend.

According to the textbook, Julie, a seventeen-year-old living in a college dormitory, has noticed that her menstrual periods have begun to synchronize with _____, which is compelling evidence that social relationships can affect biological functioning.

the time her female roommate menstruates