Psych 21A Ch. 10 Review Questions

Within the United States and in Canada, adolescents of which racial/ethnic group are the least likely to date? A. Asian B. Hispanic C. American Indian D. White

A. Asian

What proportion of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for someone to hit a boyfriend or girlfriend? A. More than 50% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl to hit her boyfriend and about 25% believe it is OK for a boy to hit his girlfriend. B. Approximately 10% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl to hit her boyfriend and only about 5% believe it is OK for a boy to hit his girlfriend. C. More than 80% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl to hit her boyfriend; however, only about 10% believe it is OK for a boy to hit his girlfriend. D. About 50% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl or boy to his or her romantic partner.

A. More than 50% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl to hit her boyfriend and about 25% believe it is OK for a boy to hit his girlfriend.

Which developmental period appears to be when warmth and closeness for siblings is at its lowest point? A. late childhood B. early adolescence C. middle adolescence D. late adolescence

B. early adolescence

In general, which of the following relationships tends to be the closest? A. mother-son relationship B. mother-daughter relationship C. father-son relationship D. father-daughter relationship

B. mother-daughter relationship

According to Sullivan, the need for intimacy starts to develop during: A. childhood. B. preadolescence. C. early adolescence. D. late adolescence.

B. preadolescence.

According to the textbook, which of the following statements is not true? A. The impact of close friends on development must take into account the characteristics of these friends. B. Being popular is less important than genuinely having friends. C. Having a huge network of many friends is more important than having a few good friendships. D. Adolescents who have intimate friendships typically have better mental health than their peers who do not

C. Having a huge network of many friends is more important than having a few good friendships.

During infancy, Julia formed a secure attachment with her parents. This attachment has formed the basis for all her future approaches to interpersonal relationships. According to attachment theorists, Julia is employing: A. a Q-sort technique. B. an intimate ideology. C. an internal working model. D. a social support theory

C. an internal working model.

In contrast to Sullivan's claims about adolescent friendships, more current research has found: A. cross-sex intimacy replaces intimacy with same-sex peers. B. as the number of same-sex peers increases, the number of cross-sex peers decreases. C. as the number of cross-sex peers increases, the number of same-sex peers either stays the same or increases. D. although cross-sex interactions increase, there is little cross-sex intimacy.

C. as the number of cross-sex peers increases, the number of same-sex peers either stays the same or increases.

Allison says that Susan is her friend because she can tell Susan secrets and Susan won't tell anyone else. Allison's definition of friendship is based on: A. play. B. prosocial behavior. C. intimacy and trust. D. association.

C. intimacy and trust.

Sullivan believed the crisis of adolescence is _____. Erikson believed it is _____. A. identity; intimacy B. autonomy; intimacy C. intimacy; identity D. intimacy; autonomy

C. intimacy; identity

The most common trigger of the first episode of major depression is: A. parents' divorce. B. failing in school. C. the breakup of a romantic relationship. D. dating violence.

C. the breakup of a romantic relationship.

According to Sullivan, if the interpersonal tasks of adolescence are negotiated successfully, the young adolescent enters late adolescence able to: A. be intimate. B. enjoy sex. C. experience intimacy and sex in the same relationship. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

Although it is difficult to separate "selection" and "socialization" effects, individuals who are securely attached in infancy are likely to: A. be socially competent in childhood. B. be securely attached to close friends in adolescence. C. have positive romantic relationships in adulthood. D. All of these statements are true.

D. All of these statements are true.

Friendships based on which of the following criteria are more likely to be found among adolescents than younger children? A. play B. association C. shared activities D. loyalty

D. loyalty

Which of the following statements about adolescents' level and degree of interaction with parents is true? A. Adolescents interact more often with, are closer to, and argue more with their mothers than with their fathers. B. Adolescents interact more often and are closer to their mother; however both sons and daughters report arguing more often with their fathers than their mothers. C. There are no differences in adolescents' level or degree of interaction with mothers and fathers. D. Sons interact more often and are closer to fathers and daughters interact more often and are closer to mothers.

A. Adolescents interact more often with, are closer to, and argue more with their mothers than with their fathers.

Compared to same-sex peers, who is likely to be less socially mature, less imaginative, less achievement-oriented, more superficial, and more likely to exhibit problem behaviors? A. Amber, who started dating seriously at age 14 B. Becky, who started dating casually at age 14 C. Karin, who started dating seriously at age 16 D. Donald, who started dating seriously at age 16

A. Amber, who started dating seriously at age 14

The close, significant emotional bond between parent and infant is called: A. attachment. B. goodness-of-fit. C. symbiosis. D. the secure base

A. attachment.

The average duration of a romantic relationship during the middle high school years is about _____ months. A. 2 B. 6 C. 12 D. 18

B. 6

As used in the study of adolescence, the term intimacy refers to an emotional attachment between two people that is characterized by all of the following, except: A. concern for each other's well-being. B. a sexual and/or physical relationship. C. a willingness to disclose private, sometimes sensitive, information. D. sharing common interests and activities.

B. a sexual and/or physical relationship

Children's friendships are based on _____, whereas adolescents' friendships are typically based on _____. A. activities; competition B. activities; intimacy C. intimacy; competition D. competition; activities

B. activities; intimacy

Adolescents behave in a variety of ways within dating relationships that are usually shaped by _____________. A. their partners' expectations B. scripts that are learned at home and from the mass media C. their peers' relationships D. cultural norms

B. scripts that are learned at home and from the mass media

Which of the following patterns of attachment is positively correlated with high sociability in childhood? A. anxious-resistant B. secure C. anxious-avoidant D. dependent

B. secure

Fourteen-year-old Fatimah, who has relatively low self-esteem and is relatively high in rejection sensitivity, is most likely to be upset with her best friend if the friend: A. criticizes Fatimah's clothes. B. spends more time with a new friend she has made. C. cannot come shopping with Fatimah because she has to babysit her sister. D. disagrees with Fatimah about the boys each girl is dating.

B. spends more time with a new friend she has made.

It is likely that a limitation in children's ability to ____ inhibits their ability to have intimate interpersonal relationships. A. empathize B. take another person's perspective C. care deeply D. understand friendships

B. take another person's perspective

According to Sullivan, development can be best understood by examining transformations in: A. psychosexual needs. B. sexual drive. C. interpersonal needs. D. self-conceptions.

C. interpersonal needs.

Girls are more likely than boys to settle disagreements with friends by: A. letting things slide. B. engaging in physical aggression. C. engaging in verbal aggression. D. apologizing

D. apologizing

In general, which of the following relationships tends to be the least intimate? A. mother-son relationship B. mother-daughter relationship C. father-son relationship D. father-daughter relationship

D. father-daughter relationship

The textbook states all of the following to explain why the development of intimacy is especially important in adolescence, except: A. truly intimate relationships do not emerge until adolescence. B. the nature of the adolescent's social world changes, with increasing importance of both same sex and other-sex peers. C. growth of social cognition reflects more sophisticated conceptions of social relationships. D. friendships transform being self-conscious to being more activity oriented.

D. friendships transform being self-conscious to being more activity oriented

According to Sullivan, where does the capacity for intimacy first develop? A. early adolescent, same-sex relationships B. early adolescent, other-sex relationships C. middle adolescent, other-sex relationships D. preadolescent, same-sex relationships

D. preadolescent, same-sex relationships

One study that used brain-imaging techniques to investigate adolescents' neural responses to rejection while playing an online game called "Cyberball" found that: A. adolescents high in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in response to exclusion and are more likely to develop symptoms of depression. B. adolescents low in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in response to exclusion and are more likely to develop symptoms of depression. C. adolescents high in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in response to exclusion and are less likely to develop symptoms of depression. D. there are no biological differences in how individuals respond to not being thrown the ball based on whether he or she scores high or low on rejection sensitivity.

A. adolescents high in rejection sensitivity show a different pattern of brain activity in response to exclusion and are more likely to develop symptoms of depression.

When college students were asked to rate the most important criteria for deciding when someone is ready to get married, what was the most consistently endorsed item? A. capacity for intimacy B. being physically mature enough to have a child C. being emotionally mature enough to have a child D. being financially secure

A. capacity for intimacy

Cassandra and Rosemarie spend a lot of time obsessing over each other's problems. What is this called? A. co-rumination B. being intimate C. engaging in mutual self-disclosure D. co-internal working model

A. co-rumination

With respect to Internet use and social networking sites, adolescents are likely to: A. communicate with people they have offline relationships with. B. meet new people. C. spend time interacting with people their parents would not approve of. D. become obsessive, to the point of neglecting in-person relationships.

A. communicate with people they have offline relationships with.

Over the course of adolescence, conflict between siblings ________, and this may be due to the fact that siblings spend _____ time together in adolescence than they did in childhood. A. decreases; less B. decreases; more C. increases; less D. increases; more

A. decreases; less

Carol, an eighth-grader, is facing a big dilemma and she needs advice. To whom is Carol likely to turn for this support? A. her friends B. her parents C. an adult expert outside the family D. it depends on the specific issue at hand

A. her friends

. Adolescents' close friendships are distinguished from their casual friendships in the types of conflicts they have. Although conflicts between adolescents and their close friends are _______ frequent than they are between adolescents and other peers, arguments between close friends are ________ emotional. A. less; more B. more; less C. slightly more; less D. more; never

A. less; more

Based on the research you read about in the textbook, which of the following statements about dating and relationships is not true? A. opposites attract B. "birds of a feather flock together" C. romance, relationships, and romance have powerful impacts on adolescents' emotional states D. adolescents with problems who date peers whose mental health is good show improvements in their psychological functioning over time

A. opposites attract

Dating among adolescents today is largely a: A. recreational activity. B. part of the courtship process. C. part of mating selection. D. meaningless activity.

A. recreational activity.

Dr. Diamond conducts an interview with a patient in order to assess the history of the patient's attachment relationships. What method would Dr. Diamond use? A. the Adult Attachment Interview B. the Q-sort C. the Longitudinal Attachment Measure D. the Adolescent Security Scale

A. the Adult Attachment Interview

In Sullivan's view, the shift in the "targets" of intimacy during early adolescence from same-sex to other-sex relationships is primarily motivated by: A. the need to transition from nonromantic to romantic relationships. B. the onset of puberty and the emergence of sexuality and a biologically based sex drive. C. resolving the homophobic conflict of childhood. D. the need to appear popular by surrounding one's self with as many peers as possible.

A. the need to transition from nonromantic to romantic relationships.

Which of the following statements concerning sexual-minority (LGBT) youth is false? A. the progression through the phases of dating and romance is as similar for them as for heterosexual adolescents B. the stigmas attached to homosexuality complicate the development of intimate relations C. these youngsters often pursue sexual activity outside the context of a dating relationship to avoid harassment by peers D. for sexual-minority youth, development of close, nonsexual friendships with same-sex peers may be hampered by their peers' homophobia

A. the progression through the phases of dating and romance is as similar for them as for heterosexual adolescents