Psych 321 Ch. 4-7 Quiz Review Questions

The identity crisis can be thought of as finding an answer to the question ____________ that is mutually agreeable to the individual are to other people.

"Who am I?"

A person's style of life is established by the age of

4 or 5

According to Adler, the basic human motivation is to strive toward

A better situation.

According to Adler, Freud was

A pampered child.

Allport's analysis of "Letters from Jenny" used a

A) Idiographic approach

Geminschafsgefuhl is

A) Social interest

The syntonic element is

A) The strength

Ashton is conscientious. This is a

A) Trait

According to Horney, mentally healthy people constantly remind themselves what sort of person they should to be

False

Adler thought that the aggressive drive occurred only in delinquents.

False

Adlerians recommend that problem children should be taken away from their parents.

False

Cross-cultural research confirms that having a foreclosed identity status is always negative.

False

Erikson said that a moratorium period comes after identity achievement.

False

Erikson's theory ignores cultural factors.

False

Horney rejected Freud's assertion that women think of their bodies as inferior, she argued that anatomy, rather than culture is the important force behind penis envy.

False

Ideally, the infant should develop with no mistrust whatsoever.

False

In modern life, despair is inevitable among the elderly, according to Erikson.

False

It is unhealthy to try to compensate for physical handicaps, according to Adler.

False

Like Freud, Erikson dismissed religion as neurosis.

False

Society influences adolescents but, according to Erikson, they do not influence society.

False

The expansive solution is also called the "detached" personality

False

Culture, according to Horney, encourages women to develop

Fear of success

Which of these terms did Adler use to describe a feeling of inferiority?

Felt minus

Horney was particularly interested in the impact of culture on __________.

Gender roles

Which is not one of the Adlerian stages of psychotherapy?

Goal Directive Stage

Who's theoretical idea includes children creating a good me, a bad me, and a not me?

Harry Stack Sullivan

Which of these is not true?

He was affiliated with the Harvard medical clinic

In Erikson's first stage, what is the virtue?

Hope

In regards to the role of culture in relation to the psychosocial stages, developing the basic virtue of purpose is associated with what stage?

Ideal prototypes

Based on Erikson's theory, we may interpret political activists as working on the ego strength of

Identity

Erikson described "fidelity" as a strength associated with which ego development stage?

Identity

The stage which has been most frequently studied by researchers is the ____________ stage.

Identity

Which term refers to the mature resolution of the identity crisis?

Identity achievement

According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are especially vulnerable to developing a sense of

Identity confusion

In regards to identity status, a commitment to an identity without a crisis or much exploration is called what?

Identity foreclosure

Positive resolution to the generativity vs. stagnation crisis seems more likely in individuals who have solved which other crisis?

Identity vs. identity diffusion

In regards to the role of culture in relation to the psychosocial stags, the virtue of fidelity emerges from what stage?

Ideological perspectives

As they get older, people's scores on the inventory of Psychosocial Balance generally

Increase

Children whose parents don't allow them to help in household tasks such as laundry or washing dishes might find difficulty resolving the crisis of

Industry vs. inferiority

According to Erikson, culture

Influences personality development

According to research by Brems and Johnson (1990), the Bem Sex-Role Inventory scale for Femininity is very highly correlated with a measure of

Interpersonal sensitivity

The crisis of _________ versus isolation occurs in early adulthood.

Intimacy

In his analysis of Mahatma Gandhi, Erik Erikson suggested that Gandhi had not successfully resolved two of the major life conflicts. Which two conflicts were they?

Intimacy and generativity

Which two interpersonal orientations use the basic adjustment strategy of eclipsing?

Moving toward and moving against

There would be less neurosis, according to Horney's theory, if

Parents loved their children more.

According to Horney, differences between males and females are

Primarily due to cultural forces.

According to Erikson, individuals who experience positive resolution of the trust vs. mistrust crisis have caregivers who

Prove as much care as possible to their infants, but are sometimes unable to provide for their every need at all times.

What can a society do to support people s sense of initiative, according to Erikson's theory?

Provide cultural models or prototypes

Research on the relationship between sex role orientation and mental health shows that

Psychological masculinity is associated with higher mental health in both sexes.

In the defense mechanism of __________, a person gives socially acceptable reasons for behavior, though they may not be the true reasons.

Rationalization

In Horney's view, a neurotic person is alienated from the __________ self.

Real

Which of the following is not one of Adler's "tasks of life"?

Reproduction

John is overly dominant and believers himself to be superior, this would be defined as which mistaken style of life?

Ruling type

The appeal of mastery is related to

The expansive solution

Parents are typically more anxious and critical of

The first born

According to Adler, a person's style of life is determined by

The person's own goals

What are the three tasks of life?

Work, love, and social interaction

Juan is angry. This is a

B) State

The dystonic element is

B) The weakness

A key to identifying the style of life is a person's first memory, which on average dates back to age _____

3.5

Generativity can be expressed through the role of

All of the above (parent, teacher, mentor)

Ideally, a person should be able to:

All of the above.

The seventh psychosocial stage is expressed in the role of

All of the above. (parent, teacher, mentor)

What is the driving force behind neurosis?

All of these (unresolved interpersonal conflict, basic hostility, basic anxiety)

Jose thinks of himself as Chicano. This is an example of

An ethnic identity.

Social interest is deficient in all of the following, except

Anxious individuals

In old age, people typically

Are considering whether life was meaningful.

Which of these terms did Adler use to describe a feeling of inferiority?

B) Felt Minus

Who's theoretical idea includes children creating a good me, bad me, and a not me?

B) Harry Stacks Sullivan

In Erikson's first stage, what is the virtue?

B) Hope

Which child is likely to be psychologically healthiest?

B) Second-born

What was the name of Alfred Adler's older brother?

B) Sigmund

Unlike Freud, Erikson

Believed that psychosocial development continued across the lifespan

Sometimes people are unaware that their behavior is blatantly incompatible with their idealized self image. What is this called?

Blind spots

Masculine protest occurs in

Both boys and girls

What religion did Horney study the most?

Buddhism

Why are there few active practitioners of child psychoanalysis today?

C) Behavioral and pharmacological intentions are more popular because they are less expensive

In Adler's therapy, the therapist was

C) Expected to be encouraging and supportive

What are the three interpersonal orientations?

C) Moving toward, moving against, and moving away

Allport's theory is called

C) Personological

In Erikson's theory, what's the difference between shame and guilt?

C) Shame comes from failing at challenges others create for the child

Most integrated in personality

C) Unifying Philosophy of Life

Evidence of traits come from

D) All of the above (Language, behavior, documents)

Erik Erikson

D) Did not have a college degree

Freud said that Horney

D) Had an inadequate analysis and did not accept her own penis envy

In Erikson's theory, the healthiest person would be someone who

D) Possesses more of the virtue of autonomy than shame and doubt

What can be a source of organ inferiority?

Delayed puberty

What occurs in the absence of a sense of integrity?

Despair

According to Erikson's epigenetic principle,

Development proceeds according to a biologically-based plan, with sequential development of parts.

Unresolved issues from the second psychosocial stage are most relevant to the cultural institution of

Law

Those with high social interest score (on all of the following except):

Low self-actualization

People who adopt the expansive solution are seeking

Mastery/and or power

Which child is likely to be psychologically healthiest, according to Adler?

Second-born

Johnny finds it relatively easy to get close to others and can depend on them pretty easily. He most likely has which style:

Secure

Horney described some people as over-valuing the idealized self. The term for this is "the tyranny of the __________."

Shoulds

In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexuality, Erikson emphasized the __________ aspects of personality.

Social

According to Adler, which of the following is one of the three tasks of life?

Social interaction

The most important evidence of mental health, for Adler, is

Social interest.

Which of these is not of the three tasks of life?

Travel (work, social interaction, love are the three tasks of life)

"Identity confusion" and "identity diffusion" both refer to inadequate resolution of the identity crisis.

True

A "moving against" type person eclipses dependency.

True

A person who is afraid of their identity being destroyed in a close relationship will have difficulty with the stage of intimacy versus isolation.

True

Adler believed that a person's lifestyle was in place by age 4 or 5.

True

An overemphasis of work as a basis of identity can be harmful to development according to Erikson

True

Assertive behavior corresponds to what Horney called "adequate aggressiveness."

True

Each psychosocial stage involves a crisis, a developmental turning point, and conflict on a distinctive issue

True

Erikson suggested that psychosocial intimacy requires that individual identity first be established.

True

Erikson supported the idea of identity exploration before settling on an identity in adolescence.

True

Erikson was Jewish and Danish. This background contributed to his interest in identity.

True

Horney hoped that her theory would help people to be better parents.

True

In adolescence, a person develops a sense of fidelity to an ideology,

True

Neurotic people turn away from the real self.

True

Research, in general, confirms that social interest correlates with many positive behaviors.

True

The virtue of fidelity develops during the fifth psychosocial stage.

True