PSYCH 343 Final

Which of the following substance use prevention strategies has been shown to be ineffective? life skills training DARE parent training Social environment modification

DARE

Which of the following statements regarding disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) and reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is correct? DSED is more persistent then RAD RAD is associated with ADHD while DSED is not RAD is more prevalent than DSED DSED is not associated with neglect while RAD is

DSED is more persistent than RAD

What disorders are treated by exposure therapy?

GAD, OCD, arfid, traumatic stress disorder

Ritual behavior is unique to ___, but not GAD

OCD

______ are highly effective for generalized anxiety disorder

SSRIs

Sam, a 12 year old girl, recently moved to a new school and she has frequent sadness and problems making new friends. She had no psychological concerns prior to moving to her new house. Which disorder is most consistent with her symptoms?

adjustment disorder

excessive negative reactions to stress or change (ex. moving to a new place, acne, puberty)

adjustment disorder

John drinks alcohol heavily every weekend and has recently begun missing school and staying away from home overnight. Which DSM diagnosis best characterizes his symptoms?

alcohol use disorder

Which of the following brain structures has been shown to be overactive in children with anxiety disorders? amygdala dorsolateral prefrontal cortex cerebellum caudate nucleus

amygdala

Sarah has been consuming large amounts of food several times per week over the past several years and she exercises excessively and vomits to control her weight. She is significantly underweight although she perceives herself as overweight. Which diagnosis most closely matches her symptoms?

anorexia nervosa

high behavioral inhibition; commonly comorbid with OCD, but not ADHD; subcategorized based on methods used to limit caloric intake; disturbance in perception of body size/shape; can eat a lot but keep low body weight; dissatisfaction of body shape/size

anorexia nervosa

Anorexia has a disturbance in perception of body size/shape, ___ does not

arfid

Which of the following is more likely to be observed in young children with PTSD relative to adolescents or adults with PTSD? rexperiencing disassociation avoidance depersonalization

avoidance

Children with anxiety disorders may present more _____ symptoms of anxiety when compared to adults with anxiety disorders

avoidant

eating disturbance stemming from lack of interest in eating food; failure to gain weight

avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (arfid)

_____ is the most effective treatment for enuresis

behavioral therapy

low inhibition; eating abnormally large amounts of food in a single sitting; loss of control eating

binge eating disorder

obsessive focus on a perceived flaw in appearance (excessive mirror checking); thinking you're disfigured

body dysmorphia

poor impulse control; within 10% of normal weight; fear of weight gain; behavioral disinhibition; excessive compensatory behaviors

bulimia nervosa

In what way does night terror disorder differ from nightmare disorder? children with nightmare disorder do not remember their dreams the next day while those with night terrors do children with nightmare disorder have nightmares during the early stages of sleep while those with night terrors experience them later in sleep children with night terrors have dreams with survival threats while those with nightmares do not children with night terrors are difficult to arouse during a dream while those with nightmares are not

children with night terrors are difficult to arouse during a dream while those with nightmares are not

Sarah, a 12 year old girl, has a history of difficulty falling asleep, generally staying awake until early morning. She has frequent daytime sleepiness and has recently been staying awake throughout the night and sleeping for much of the day. Which of the following diagnoses best characterizes her symptoms?

circadian rhythm disorder

problems with your internal clock; also known as day/night reversal

circadian rhythm disorder

model for diagnosis that states it must meet specific criteria

classical

Trauma focused cbt focuses on ___

cognitive restructuring

What symptom is consistent bulimia nervosa but not binge eating disorder? out of control eating eating large quantities compensatory behavior distress regarding binge eating

compensatory behavior

Measurement error is accounted for through _____

confidence intervals

______ predicts performance on another metric (ex. grades at school)

construct validity

psychological distress manifest as physical symptoms

conversion disorder

Which of the following symptoms of PTSD refers to feeling detached from one's body or self, as though one is observing things happening to them rather than experiencing them directly? demystification depersonalization numbing deidentification

depersonalization

model for diagnosis that lies on a spectrum

dimensional

being too open with strangers; often comorbid with conduct disorders

disinhibited social engagement disorder

described as experiencing the world as dreamlike or distorted

dissociation

Which of the following is characteristic of reactive attachment disorder but not disinhibited social engagement disorder?. does not check with adults after venturing away does not perceive strangers as dangerous does not seek comfort when distressed does not obey parental rules

does not seek comfort when distressed

Which of the following best describes substance tolerance? physiological habituation to a substance intense psychological craving dose required for the same effect increases physiological syndrome associated with substance use

dose required for the same effect increases

Which of the following groups is at greatest risk for developing anorexia or bulimia? early maturing females early maturing males late maturing females late maturing males

early maturing females

Which of the following strategies is most likely to reduce child maltreatment on a population level? trauma-focused CBT educating parents at primary care medical visits individual parent training interventions to teach adaptive coping skills placing more children in foster care

educating parents at primary care medical visits

______ is the magnitude of the effect of the intervention

effect size

Attachment theory considers crying in an infant to be a behavior that ____ relationships with the caregiver

enhances

Which of the following treatment strategies is common to both post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorder treatment? behavioral activation exposure to feared stimuli hyonosis response prevention

exposure to feared stimuli

scattered

externalizing disorders (aggression, outward)

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of social anxiety disorder but not separation anxiety disorder? fear of parents dying lack of desire for social interaction fear of negative evaluation from others refusal to speak to strangers

fear of negative evaluation from others

Jessie's therapy for anxiety involved creating a hierarchy of fears and performing exposures beginning with the least feared situation first. This exposure strategy is described as ______________.

graded exposure

_____ is the most likely way to change a child's behavior

incentivizing

In what way does obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) differ from other anxiety disorders? Individuals with OCD don't realize that their worries are unreasonable Individuals with OCD have anxiety that prevents them from functioning in society Individuals with OCD perform rituals to reduce their anxious distress Individuals with OCD cannot be treated with exposure therapy

individuals with OCD perform rituals to reduce their anxious distress

Which type of parent-infant attachment is most common in infants who have been maltreated? secure attachment insecure-avoidant attachment insecure-disorganized attachment reactive attachment

insecure disorganized attachment

A test with high ____ measures what it purports to measure

internal validity

conscientious

internalizing disorders (anxiety)

Bulimia has ___ behavioral inhibition

low

Intermittent explosive disorder has ___ behavioral inhibition

low

______ best distinguish major depressive disorder with hallucinations from schizophrenia in children (____ is in depression but not schizophrenia)

mood disturbance

How can one reduce the effect of under reporting ptsd symptoms in children?

multiple informants

Bipolar disorder is highly _____ in its etiology

neurobiological

Who is hard to arouse during night episodes? nightmare disorder or night terror disorder?

night terror disorder

Which of the following disorders is most likely to be treated effectively with selective serotonin repute inhibitor medications? hair pulling disorder social anxiety disorder obsessive compulsive disorder generalized anxiety disorder

obsessive compulsive disorder

Which of the following disorders is most likely to be comorbid with an anorexia nervosa? ADHD oppositional defiant disorder obsessive compulsive disorder bipolar disorder

ocd

Anorexia is commonly comorbid with ---- but not ----

ocd, adhd

Which of the following responses accurately characterizes findings of brain research for children with anxiety disorders? underactive behavioral inhibition and activation systems overactive behavioral activation systems overactive behavioral inhibition and activation systems overactive behavioral inhibition systems

overactive behavioral inhibition system

ADHD is characterized by an ____ behavioral activation system and an ____ behavioral inhibition system

overactive, underactive

Which of the following parenting behaviors is most likely to contribute to development of anxiety in children? criticism neglect demandingness overprotection

overprotection

rest and digest response

parasympathetic

What treatment approach for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder is most likely to be successful? interpersonal psychotherapy parent-child interaction therapy cognitive therapy psychodynamic psychotherapy

parent child interaction therapy

Which of the following symptoms is consistent with body dysmorphic disorder but not anorexia? distorted perceptions of body weight or shape frequent comparison to other's bodies perceived physical deformity fear of gaining weight

perceived physical deformity

model for diagnosis that states there should be at least 2/6 symptoms

prototypical

What are the DSM's 3 models for diagnosis?

prototypical, dimensional, classical

learning that a traumatic event occurred to a close family member or close friend (ex. learning a parent has a life threatening injury due to an accident); children may under report symptoms of distress; dissociation

ptsd

Which of the following is not consistent with sympathetic nervous system activation which produces the fight or flight response? adrenaline release decreased digestion pupil constriction quicker respiration rate

pupil constriction

The best way to test any treatment is through _____

randomized controlled trial

One of the distinctive features of autism is ____ (not w schizophrenia)

repetitive and restrictive interests

The finding that most people bounce back from traumatic experiences and go on to have minimal long-term psychological problems is referred to as __________________.

resilience

Which of the following treatment approaches is included in treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder but not for social anxiety disorder? cognitive modification response prevention imaginary exposure in vivo exposure

response prevention

While exposure therapy is used to treat both OCD and GAD, ____ is unique to OCD

response prevention

The most effective treatment for night terror disorder is _____

scheduled wakings

What treatment is most effective for night terror disorder in young children? hypnotic sleep medications tonsillectomy scheduled wakings melatonin

scheduled wakings

child refuses to speak to teachers or strangers, but otherwise has no trouble with verbal communication or general intelligence

selective mutism

Which of the following characteristics is consistent with Anorexia but not Bulimia? significantly low body weight need for approval obsessiveness body image disturbance

significantly low body weight

What differentiates binge-eating/purging type anorexia from bulimia? fear of weight gain significantly low weight disturbed body image rigidity in thinking

significantly low weight

Which of the following interventions is most likely to improve insomnia in adolescents? sleep-related behavior change hypnotic medication scheduled wakings advancing the sleep phase

sleep related behavior change

fear of negative evaluation from peers (not present in agoraphobia or separation anxiety); highly sociocultural (rather than neurobiological)

social anxiety

_____ is the most consistent intervention strategy with a behavioral approach to psychotherapy for child psychological problems

social engagement

Of the following choices, which is the largest contributor to the etiology of eating disorders? Neurobiology Sociocultural influences Genetics Psychodynamics

sociocultural influences

fight or flight response

sympathetic

______ is the best treatment for breathing related sleep disorders in children and adolescents

tonsil and adenoid removal

Which treatment has the most evidence for effectiveness in treating nighttime enuresis? antidiuretic medication toilet training urine alarm watchful waiting

urine alarm

Infants and toddlers have more night ____ problems

waking

Which of the following experiences would meet DSM 5 criteria for exposure to a traumatic event consistent with PTSD? watching a close relative sustain a life-threatening injury in an accident seeing photos of a dead body on Instagram being the first to find a terminally ill grandparent dead in his sleep experiencing homelessness for two consecutive months

watching a close relative sustain a life threatening injury in an accident

Which of the following is a hallmark of physical dependence on a substance? psychomotor retardation hallucinations craving withdrawal

withdrawal