Psych 385 Exam 2

The oldest woman to have given birth using reproductive technologies was about _______ years old.

70

About two-thirds of abortions in the United States are performed before which point in pregnancy?

8 weeks

Which person is likely to be most hurt by unrequited love?

A man with low self-esteem.

A young woman is choosing between several pictures to use for an online dating profile. Which picture would men be most likely to consider attractive?

A picture taken at an angle that makes her eyes look especially large

Which aspect of perceived attractiveness is most clearly linked to cultural preferences rather than evolved preferences?

A preference for a low BMI

_______ may be especially suitable for an intellectually disabled young woman.

A progestin hormone injection

Which situation is most likely to trigger emotional jealousy?

A wife frequently hears her husband talking about a close female friend at work.

Approximately what percentage of all pregnancies in the United States are intentional?

About one-half

How has modern medicine changed death rates for mothers and newborn babies?

Death rates have greatly decreased, but some minority groups still have higher death rates than the general population.

What type of jealousy is based on the persistent false belief that a partner is involved with another person?

Delusional

What is the likelihood of pregnancy for a postmenopausal woman?

It can never occur.

Which of the following statements about the Bradley method of labor management is false?

It recommends giving birth under water.

This graph shows the percentage of people from different religious groups who consider premarital sex to be always or almost always wrong. What conclusion can be drawn from the data?

Many religious people do not consider premarital sex sinful.

The first birth control clinic in the United States was established in 1916 by

Margaret Sanger.

A woman wants her birth to be as natural as possible, without any use of anesthesia, and with her partner present to coach her throughout labor. Which childbirth strategy would she be most likely to choose?

Bradley method.

Carlos suffered a spinal cord injury in a recent car accident. His upper spinal cord was damaged, but not severed. What should his doctor tell him about the likely impact on his sexual functioning?

Carlos will likely still respond to physical stimulation and fantasies with erections.

A woman very eager to become pregnant takes a home pregnancy test about a week before her period is due because there is a chance an egg has already been fertilized. She is devastated when the test comes back negative, but then she fails to get her period a week later. What would a doctor most likely tell her?

She took the pregnancy test too early and should retest because she may be pregnant.

How have Americans' attitudes toward sexual behavior changed over time?

Since concerns about AIDS have decreased, people have become more accepting of homosexual behavior.

Which of the following is most likely to harm a fetus?

Smoking, drinking, or other drug use

Which statement about condoms is true?

Some people are allergic to latex condoms.

A woman becomes pregnant five days after her last sexual encounter. What is the most likely explanation for this?

Sperm held in quiescence and released gradually fertilized a just-released egg.

Which statement about physical methods of contraception is false?

Spermicides alone offer reliable contraception.

Which hormone plays the most important role in sexual arousability for women?

Testosterone

How do testosterone treatments influence boys with delayed puberty?

Testosterone increases sexual thoughts and behaviors.

Which of these important changes occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy?

The implanted embryo begins to interact with the mother via hormones and metabolism.

A woman who dislikes hookup culture and wants to remain a virgin is choosing between a college with mostly female students and a college with mostly male students. According to research on sex ratios and sexual behavior which college should she choose?

The male-majority campus, because there will be more female virgins than on campuses where women are in the majority.

A woman abstains from sex on days 8 to 19 of every menstrual cycle. She is most likely using which method of contraception?

The standard days method

Refer to the Figure, which shows three patterns in the sexual response cycle. Based on the information presented in the figure, which statement is true?

There are various different sexual response patterns.

Which of the following statements about sperm banks is false?

They are available to very few families.

Which piece of evidence would best support the theory that evolutionary forces drive infidelity?

Tracking 30 females from a monogamous species shows that the females only have extra-pair sex while ovulating.

What is the main advantage of extended-use regimens for combination pills?

Users experience fewer menstrual periods.

Sara needs intense, rapid clitoral stimulation for at least five minutes in order to orgasm. Her partner wants to be sure Sara orgasms, but cannot always provide the needed level of stimulation. What is the best option?

Using a vibrator

Marco likes to make eye contact while having sex. He also tends to ejaculate quickly and wants to delay orgasm. Which sexual position could help him meet both of his goals?

Woman above

How do men and women differ in the visual stimuli they find arousing?

Women are more likely than men to be aroused by images that do not match their sexual orientation.

Based on the most current research findings, should young American men have a concern about their sperm count?

Yes, there is good evidence for declining sperm counts in the United States.

"Mate poaching" occurs when

a person in a relationship receives sexual advances from outside the relationship.

A deep voice in a man is

a sexually differentiated trait that plays a role in ratings of physical attractiveness.

Compared to women, men are more likely to see kissing as

a stepping-stone to other sexual acts.

Sex play is defined as

a variety of playful activities that add pleasure to sexual interactions.

According to the evolutionary perspective, sexual jealousy is an _______ that guards against _______.

adaptation; raising genetically unrelated offspring

Over the past 40 years, the U.S. disapproval rating of sex before marriage has _______, and the disapproval rating of teen sex has _______.

decreased; remained about the same

During orgasm, brain activity _______ in brain regions associated with higher cognitive processing and _______ in brain regions associated with pleasure and reward.

decreases; increases

Studies show that the psychological condition called "post-abortion syndrome"

does not exist.

The neurotransmitter linked to the pleasurable nature of orgasm is

dopamine

Rubella can harm the developing fetus's

ears, eyes, and heart.

In _______ pregnancy, the embryo implants somewhere other than the uterus.

ectopic

The concern with commercial surrogacy is that it

encourages poor women to carry children for wealthy couples.

In women, the _______ phase of the sexual response cycle involves erection of the clitoris and an increased heart rate.

excitement

Essure is a

form of tubal sterilization.

A recent MRI study of coitus revealed that

front-to-front sex does a poor job of stimulating the G-spot.

Home pregnancy tests work by detecting the presence of _______ in the woman's urine.

hCG

A man who has just had sex with his regular partner does not have an interest in having sex again that night. However, he becomes aroused when a different woman flirts with him. This is an example of

habituation

Sex involving multiple partners at the same time or in rapid succession

has been portrayed in religious art.

Attachment theory states that a child who is anxious and ambivalent because of an insecure attachment with a parent will likely

have an unrealistic fear of being deserted in adult relationships.

Some young women engage in public displays of affection for other women with the goal of arousing men. These women could be considered

heteroflexible.

A woman takes a combination birth control pill faithfully. However, she forgets to start her next cycle of pills until four days after the intended start date. The chances that coitus during these four days and several subsequent days will result in pregnancy are

high, because she may have ovulated in the four days without pills.

A man rated as "unattractive" is most likely to have

highly asymmetrical features.

Intrauterine devices are _______ reliable and must be replaced _______.

highly; after 3-12 years, depending on the type of IUD

The tendency for sexual partners to resemble each other on many dimensions is termed

homogamy.

A woman is most likely to be advised not to breast-feed her baby

if she has hepatitis or HIV.

The three contraceptive methods with the best typical-use reliability are

implants, IUDs, and sterilization.

A woman is infertile due to extensive scarring in her oviducts. Her doctor would most likely suggest

in vitro fertilization.

The experience of orgasm

includes both physiological and psychological aspects.

In general, extra-pair relationships

incur societal disapproval.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that

infants be exclusively breast-fed for six months.

A major cause of infertility related to damage to the female reproductive tract is due to

infections acquired during sex.

In the United States, people are most likely to disapprove of

infidelity

The hormone oxytocin

influences both physiological and psychological aspects of sex and reproduction

Ernst Gräfenberg invented an effective

intrauterine device.

A major characteristic of the vasectomy is that it

is highly reliable.

In the United States, a woman or her doctor are least likely to choose to deliver a baby by Caesarian section due to

it being a less risky method than natural childbirth.

The most ancient form of birth control is thought to have been

killing or abandoning babies.

A "pro-life" position on abortion is more common in

less-educated people.

For both women and men, the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle is

likely to vary depending on circumstances.

The bloody discharge that continues a few days after parturition is known as

lochia

The FDA discourages use of Depo-Provera for more than two years because long-term use increases the risk of

loss of bone density.

People with mismatched love triangles are likely to have

low levels of relationship satisfaction.

Hypogonadal men have

low levels of testosterone.

A person who considers a "one-night stand" to be morally acceptable is most likely to be

male

The most common coital position employed in the United States is the _______ position, which provides _______ stimulation of the G-spot.

man-above; poor

The best description of contraceptive access in the United States is that

many factors limit contraceptive access, including cost, religion, laws, and lack of education.

Graham crackers and Kellogg's Corn Flakes were developed primarily to address concerns about

masturbation

According to the NSSHB, the most popular sexual behaviors for Americans between the ages of 25 and 29 are

masturbation, oral sex, and coitus.

Intellectually disabled people have the right to make informed choices about their sexual behavior but

may face elevated risk for sexual exploitation and victimization.

In the NHSLS survey, fellatio was rated as "very appealing" by more _______, and cunnilingus was rated as "very appealing" by more _______.

men than women; men than women

The Clark and Hatfield studies, as well as related studies of attitudes toward casual sex, found that

most college males are willing to engage in casual sex with attractive females.

When heterosexual men masturbate they are

most likely to use a hand to stimulate the glans, corona, and frenulum.

Fellatio is defined as

mouth-penis sexual contact.

Aidan recently began dating Cindy, a woman he had a crush on for over a year before asking her out. After a few dates, she let him know that she was not interested in a romantic relationship. Aidan was crushed, and cannot stop thinking about her. He spends hours every day trying to figure out what went wrong on their date and hoping he will someday change her mind. Aidan's reaction is an example of

obsessive relational intrusion.

If a birth is delayed, delivery can be induced using

oxytocin

According to Sternberg's model of love, companionate love is characterized by low levels of

passion

In general, outercourse can include all sexual behaviors except

penile-vaginal penetration.

Myotonic changes are generally seen during the _______ phase of the sexual response cycle.

plateau

An episiotomy may be done during childbirth to

prevent tearing.

According to attachment theory, parenting styles

profoundly affect the child's developing personality.

Milk production is stimulated by _______; milk letdown is triggered by _______.

prolactin; oxytocin

The low-volume opalescent fluid ejaculated when some women achieve an orgasm is probably very similar to

prostatic secretions.

Uterine contractions during the first stage of labor are necessary to

pull the cervix upward to form a continuous birth canal.

The effect of contractions during the first stage of labor is to _______, leading to _______.

pull the cervix upward; effacement

C-sections are sometimes medically advisable to

rescue a distressed fetus.

In the _______ phase of the sexual response cycle, the physiological signs of arousal reverse.

resolution

Anthropological studies of the Aka people of the Congo Basin

reveal that they have identified an effective sexual stimulant.

Leon dated his first girlfriend for over a year. About three months after they broke up, he began a new relationship, which has lasted for two years. Leon has not flirted with other women or engaged in sexual behavior with other women. His behavior is an example of

serial monogamy.

A woman experiences several short, rapid orgasms with no plateau between them. She is experiencing

serial orgasms.

Alex is having Braxton-Hicks contractions. This means

she is experiencing false labor.

The sucking of toes as a sexual act is known colloquially as

shrimping

An older man's sperm is slightly more likely to cause a genetic disorder in the fetus because the

stem cells producing sperm have been have been through many rounds of DNA replication.

The author of the Kama Sutra

suggested strategies for enlarging or compensating for a small penis.

The practice in which two women rub their vulvas against each other's bodies is called

tribadism.

Most sterilizations in the United States are _______, which are _______ reversible.

tubal sterilizations; sometimes

According to professional guidelines, healthy young women should receive no more than _______ embryo(s) on their first IVF attempt.

two

Brain scans suggest that falling in love activates the same parts of the brain as

using cocaine.

The most common method of surgical abortion during the first trimester is

vacuum aspiration.

The increase in blood flow to the genitals during the excitement phase of sexual arousal is called

vasocongestion

An embryo is considered a fetus

when its sex can be distinguished by genetic testing.

Research on sexual fantasies suggests that

women who fantasize about being raped tend to have positive attitudes toward sex.

Because of the use of ultrasound to detect the sex of the fetus prenatally, sex ratios of newborns in China are now _______ for every _______.

100 girls; 113 boys

The typical use failure rate for the withdrawal method of contraception is around _______ percent.

21

Forty-year-old Laci is signing up for online dating. She wants to date a man about the same age. Given the research on age preferences, assuming she is willing to be deceitful, what age should she list on her dating profile?

35

In relationships, in addition to considering their attraction to their partner, people also evaluate their power within the sexual marketplace. Given that, which couple is most likely to break up?

A beautiful woman dating a salesman with average looks.

Which situation is an example of "mate-poaching"?

An outsider makes sexual advances toward a person in a committed relationship.

Which statement accurately describes anilingus?

Anilingus is also called rimming.

How has the frequency of sexual activity changed in the past two decades?

Around the world, people are having partnered sex less often.

Which statement correctly describes asexuality?

Asexual people often experience romantic desire.

Combination contraceptive pills work primarily through their actions on the

brain

Which statement accurately describes flirting?

Closeness, touching, smiling, and eye contact are common elements of flirtatious behavior.

According to therapists, what is the number one reason for dissatisfaction in marriage and other long-term relationships?

Communication problems.

Luis and Destiny have recently decided to get married. Emotionally they are very close. Each feels like they have found their best friend and soul mate. However, they are not especially sexually attracted to each other and neither feels a flutter of excitement around the other. What type of love do Luis and Destiny have for each other?

Companionate

The dissemination of information about contraception in the early 20th century was prohibited by the _______ Laws.

Comstock

What is the correct order of phases in the sexual response cycle developed by Masters and Johnson?

Excitement → plateau → orgasm → resolution

Which of the following is not recommended late in the second trimester?

Exercise while lying on one's back

According to data from the NHSLS and NSSHB surveys, which group of people is likely to masturbate most frequently?

Gay white men under the age of 30

A man usually masturbates while viewing images of women wearing high heels. According to classical conditioning, how will this influence future sexual arousal?

He will begin to find images of high heels sexually arousing.

Which behavior is most likely to lead to orgasm?

Heavy petting

A Zulu man raised in South Africa has moved to Britain. How is this move likely to influence the types of women he considers most attractive?

His preference will shift toward women with lower BMIs.

A woman develops major complications from diabetes late in the second trimester of her pregnancy. For her health, her doctor tells her an abortion is necessary. Which method would the doctor most likely use to perform this abortion?

Hysterotomy

Paragard is a type of

IUD

What behavior was prohibited by antimiscegenation statutes?

Interracial marriage

Hyperfeminine female faces are considered highly attractive

by both men and women.

Which factor is most often implicated in the failure of condoms?

Misuse

In the study by Clark and Hatfield, how did college students respond when approached with dating or sexual invitations from attractive strangers?

No women agreed to have sex with an attractive stranger.

What are women in their first year of college most likely to say they got out of a casual hookup?

Nothing

Limited access to contraception in much of the world is most attributable to which factor?

Opposition from the Roman Catholic Church

According to research with prairie voles, which hormone appears to play a role in pair-bonding?

Oxytocin

Two emergency contraception drugs are

Plan B and ella.

Breast milk, particularly colostrum, is richest in which nutrient?

Protein

Sandra is going to a "speed-dating" event. She knows exactly the sort of man she would like to meet. She mentally checks off the qualities important to her, such as wealth and ambition, before she gets there. Based on sexual attraction research, which outcome is most likely?

Sandra will feel most attracted to men who seem warm, trustworthy, and funny, and will end up choosing a man who does not match her established priorities.

An animator is working with photos of actual people to design a character. She has been given 20 pictures of men and women. To design a female character that most people would consider beautiful, she should base the character on

a computer-generated average of all of the female photos.

The "demand and withdrawal" pattern refers to

a conflict resolution pattern that typically does not work.

In the majority of women, progestin-only pills work primarily by

altering cervical mucus.

A woman has a positive pregnancy test the first day after a missed period, but she begins to menstruate two weeks later. The most likely explanation is that

an embryo implanted briefly but did not survive.

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when

an embryo implants outside the uterus.

"Fisting" is the colloquial term used to describe

anal penetration with the entire hand and forearm.

PET scans suggests that the brain region most active during sexual arousal is the

anterior cingulate cortex.

One of the consequences of the Roe v. Wade ruling is that

anti-abortion activists now focus much of their effort on restricting a woman's access to abortion.

Aphrodisiacs often follow the "law of similarity," which means that they usually

are derived from the sex organs of other species or look like human genitalia.

IUDs are highly recommended contraceptive devices because they

are highly effective.

Research has shown that female lap dancers make more money in tips

around the time of ovulation.

Statistically, the most common disability affecting sexual activity is

arthritis

Facial features that serve as cues to masculinity-femininity

become evident at puberty and signal fertility.

The contraceptive technique described in the biblical story of Onan falls into the category of a(n) _______ method.

behavioral

The medical abortion drug mifepristone acts by _______ progesterone receptors and thus directly causing the _______ to break down.

blocking; endometrium

Nexplanon and Xulane are similar in that

both are administered via non-oral routes.

During the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle, most people could expect to feel

calmness and relaxation.

According to research cited in the textbook, hookups on college campuses

can be emotionally damaging, especially for women.

Corticosteroids produced by the fetus' adrenal glands soon before birth

cause the fetus to produce pulmonary surfactant.

Placental tissue can be harvested and analyzed using

chorionic villus sampling.

For women, masturbation most commonly involves stimulation of the

clitoris

Social approval of condom use was promoted by

the AIDS epidemic.

In order for a problem with Rh incompatibility to arise,

the mother must be Rh-negative and the father must be Rh-positive.

Fetal reduction is a term used to describe

the selective removal of some successfully implanted embryos.

"Blue balls" is a slang term for

the testicular ache sometimes experienced by men who have been sexually aroused but have not had an orgasm.

Komisaruk and Whipple claim that stimulation of the clitoris, the anterior wall of the vagina, and the cervix give rise to different orgasmic sensations. Their research supports

the theory that different pathways to the brain result in different orgasmic sensations.

Schubach's investigations of female ejaculation demonstrated that

there are two distinct types of female ejaculation.

According to evolutionary psychologists, women have sex outside their primary relationships because

they are unconsciously shopping for better quality genes.