psych

Which of the following is the BEST example of a representative sample?

You choose people randomly from the telephone book to respond to your survey about health care.

Your friend, who rarely calls you, has finally left a voice-mail message. According to learning theorists, what should you do to encourage communication between you and your friend?

You should reply quickly, and call your friend back.

Which of the following is NOT one of the physiological factors in hunger?

corpus callosum

Vinita is running the L.A. marathon. She is on her 23rd mile, and she is still euphoric and experiencing a "runner's high." Which type of neurotransmitters are most likely being released in Vinita's body?

endorphins

Jamal's parents buy their son a new toy for every good grade on his report card in first grade. According to motivation researchers, what is Jamal receiving from his parents?

extrinsic motivation

A garment worker generally receives a specific number of dollars for every blouse that he sews. So it is to his advantage to try to sew as many blouses as possible to make as money as possible. According to learning theorists, what type of schedule of reinforcement is being described?

fixed-ratio schedule

The _____________ functions to maintain homeostasis in the body.

hypothalamus

Shontia works at a day care center. The pay is low and the hours are long, but she loves being around the children and has no desire to look for a higher-paying job. What type of motivation is Shontia demonstrating?

intrinsic

Which brain structure would MOST likely result in death if damaged?

medulla

Studies of eyewitness testimony and recovery of "repressed" memories show which of the following?

memories can be severely distorted, even when we have confidence in them

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine has been found in the hippocampus. This suggests that acetylcholine is involved in ____________, which affects patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

memory

Unfortunately Alain is undergoing a dangerous type of brain surgery to remove a tumor. During the surgery, the doctor applies electrical stimulation to different areas around the tumor. This causes Alain to state that he is experiencing tingling sensations in various areas of his skin. The tumor is MOST likely located in which lobe of Alain's brain?

parietal

Peter is not able to function well during the day because he is so fatigued. His wife said that he stops breathing and wakes himself up frequently throughout the night. Peter's wife is worried about his condition and wants him to get checked out by a physician. What sort of diagnosis will the physican give Peter?

peter is suffering from sleep apnea

With the encouragement of his peers, Matthew just tried a drug that produces hallucinations. Which drug did Matthew MOST likely ingest?

peyote

In the film, "Castaway," Tom Hank's character is stranded on a deserted island. His first concern is that he quickly needs to find some food and drinkable water. According to Maslow's need hierarchy, which level is Tom Hank's character at?

physiological

Xiang Yi is 18 years old and she is evenly proportioned. However she has not grown in height since she was 10 years old. Xiang Yi MOST likely has a problem in which endocrine gland?

pituitary

You can say that it is pretty common knowledge that the more you study, the higher your grade. What kind of correlation is this relationship?

positive

Teresa just got spanked because she drew on the walls with her crayons. What is this an example of?

positive punishment

Jocelyn needs to be the one whose ideas are always used and craves prestige among others. She drives an expensive car and wears nothing but the most expensive clothes. Jocelyn is high in the need for ______________.

power

Psychologists who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best fit are interested in the goal of ___________. Correct!

prediction

Katherine is trying to hold the names of the students she just met in her psychology class in short-term memory. According to the memory studies, these short-term memories will be stores in what part of the brain?

prefrontal cortex

Ulf used to live in a house with a large kitchen, where all the silverware was stored in a drawer to the right of the sink. Since he moved to his new apartment, Ulf finds that he habitually looks for the silverware in a drawer to the right of the sink, although no such drawer exists. Ulf's behavior reflects forgetting due to ______________________.

proactive interference

Even though Su Fang has not been on a bicycle in years, she was still able to ride it successfully. What type of memory is Shu Fang utilizing?

procedural

Eneuh is a medical doctor who helps her patients with their emotional problems by prescribing different types of medications. Eneuh is MOST likely a ____________.

psychiatrist

Ramon tells his therapist that he had a dream about riding on a train that went through a tunnel. The therapist tells Ramone that his dream was most likely about sexual intercourse, as the tunnel represents a woman's genital area. Ramonel's therapist is using the ______________ theory of dreams to explain Ramone's dream.

psychoanalytic (wish-fulfillment)

These types of quiz questions (giving you different choices for the answer) makes use of which form of retrieval of memories?

recognition

Hypnosis has been used for which of the following?

regress people back to their early childhood experiences help reduce drug addiction (e.g., smoking) provide pain relief without medication

3-year old Annie watches her older brother successfully tie his shoelaces. The next day, she puts on her brother's shoes, and tries to tie the laces. She becomes frustrated because she can't do it (e.g., she has trouble making the loops and criss-crossing the laces to make a bow). According to Bandura's theory on observation learning, what key element is missing for Annie?

reproduction

Miranda wanted to make a casserole that she saw on a food show on TV. She bought the ingredients, put them together, baked it, and served it at dinner that night. To her horror, it tasted awful. She realized that she had left out a key ingredient and vowed next time to write everything down as she watched the show. Miranda's dinner disaster was an example of failing at which of Bandura's four elements of observation learning?

retention

In the game show, "Jeopardy," contestants are asked a series of questions of general information with increasing difficulty. The type of memory needed to access the answers to these kinds of questions is which of the following?

semantic

Which of the following in NOT a characteristic of REM sleep?

slower, deeper breathing

According to researchers, which of the following sense is NOT sent to the cortex by the thalamus?

smell

Javier is interested in becoming a psychologist. He is most interested in how people in groups behave differently from people who act alone. Javier would MOST likely be interested in which area of psychology?

social

If you are strumming the guitar, the motions of your fingers hitting the different parts of the strings are probably being controlled by which nervous system?

somatic nervous system

It is very difficult to wake up someone who is currently in which stage?

stage 4

Leticia is participating in a sleep study. The researchers notice that Leticia's brain wave patterns are showing a significant number of delta waves. Leticia is also currently talking in her sleep. Which stage of sleep is Leticia most likely in?

stage 4

Drinking alcohol has a significant impact on one's behavior. Researchers have found that alcohol ____________ the release of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits many brain functions.

stimulates

Your friend is hiking on a popular mountain trail and she sees a mountain lion in the middle of the trail. Her heart starts to pump harder. She begins to breathe a lot faster. Her pupils get larger and she starts sweat. Which part of your friend's system has been activated after spotting the mountain lion?

sympathetic

Heinz is enjoying a musical concert with his friends. What lobe is most likely activated in Heinz's brain?

temporal

In the split-brain operation, what part of the brain is severed?

the corpus callosum

In the famous Watson's experiment with "Little Albert," the unconditioned response was which of the following?

the fear from the loud noise

The best place to take your math exam to ensure good retrieval of these concepts is in which of the following places?

the math classroom

In an experiment to test the effects of alcohol on memory, the experimenter gives vodka mixed in orange juice to one group of participants and orange juice with no vodka to the other group. She then measures the memory skills of both groups by giving them a word memory test. In this study, which one is the control group?

the orange drink without vodka

Ethical research begins with the concept of informed consent. Before signing up to participate in an experiment, participants should be informed of which of the following?

the procedure of the study, stated in a general way the risks that may be involved in the study their right to withdraw at any time during the study

In an experiment to test the effects of alcohol on memory, the experimenter gives vodka mixed in orange juice to one group of participants and orange juice with no vodka to the other group. She then measures the memory skills of both groups by giving them a word memory test. In this study, the dependent variable would be which of the following? Correct Answer

the word memory test

As you are learning the different psychological concepts and vocabulary in this textbook, which type of methodology should you use in order to reach the deepest level of processing?

thinking of an example of each vocabulary term

While with a group of friends at a dance, Evangelina bumps into a woman that she dated last month. However when Evangelina tries to introduce her to her friends, she cannot remember her name. What is the term for this occurrence?

tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Methadone is known as a "replacement" drug that has been used to help people suffering from heroine addiction.

true

The chemical messengers that travel through the blood system to go to targeted endocrine glands are called hormones.

true

Tyrell noticed that whenever he used his electric can opener, his cat would come into the kitchen and act hungry by mewing. He reasoned that this behavior was occurring because he used the can opener to open the cat's food. What is the cat's food?

unconditioned stimulus

Dr. Yamada gives surprise quizzes that vary from one every three days to one every three weeks, which averages out to one quiz every two weeks. What type of reinforcement schedule is being utilized by Dr. Yamada?

variable-interval schedule

Dr. Katz, a biopsychologist, damaged a particular structure in the rat's brain. This caused the rat to continue to eat. Which part of the rat's brain did Dr. Katz damage? (Side note: sorry if this question offends anyone!).

ventromedial hypothalamus

According to the textbook, when your body strives to maintain the particular level of weight (internal weight themostat), it is called ________________________________. metabolism

weight set point

The chemical messengers in the brain are called hormones.

false

Which of the following is an example of a test using recall of information?

short answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the common ethical rules?

Deception cannot be used in any studies with human beings.

A man wakes up one morning to find that people around him are using words that make no sense to him, and they don't seem to understand him either, even though his speech is flowing smoothly. What type of disorder is this man suffering from?

Wernicke's aphasia

Your friend is having a difficult time getting to sleep. If he does fall asleep, then he often wakes up frequently throughout the night. Which of the following is bad advice for your friend who is most likely suffering from insomnia?

Your friend should lie in bed until hhe eventually fall asleep even if it takes several hours.

The serial position effect predicts that the information that will be remembered best from a list will come at the _______________________ of the list.

beginning and the end

Colin has to constantly check the stove to see if it is on or off. He does this behavior of checking it again and again. Which perspective would BEST explain Colin's stove-checking behavior as a result of being complimented by others for having safety-awareness?

behavorial

Elsie suffered a stroke and had to be hospitalized. While in the hospital, she talked in funny, garbled words and seemed to think that she was being held against her will. Which of the following fields of psychology would BEST explain Elsie's odd behavior?

behavorial neuroscience

Which theoretical perspective would MOST likely to be in agreement with the structuralists?

biological/physiological

The neurotransmitter associated with the feelings of reward or pleasure produced by many psychoactive substances is which of the following? Correct!

dopamine

Your psychology professor tells you, "Explaining behavior is easy! When we lack something, we are motivated to get it." Which approach to motivation does your professor subscribe to?

drive reduction

Desiree went to an all-night rave party with her friends. She observed that many of her friends were ingesting a pill that made them more energetic, very happy, and connected to those around them. However Desiree learned from her psychology class that this pill can make people feel dehydrated, overheated, have increased blood pressure, and cause death. What type of drug is Desiree's friends MOST likely using?

ecstasy

Venus will always remember that she learned about the Presidents of United States from Mr. Tilper, her fourth grade teacher. Venus even remembers the song that they learned of all the Presidents. What type of memory is Venus using?

episodic

Which perspective assumes that human behavior may have developed in certain directions because it served a useful function in preserving the species? Correct!

evolutionary

A construction worker's mouth waters whenever a noontime bell signals the beginning of her lunch break. One day, the bell goes haywire and rings every half hour. By the end of the day, the worker has stopped salivating to the bell. What has occurred in this situation?

extinction

__________________ is a basic phenomenon of learning that occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.

extinction

Ching Yen often volunteers at a homeless shelter because all of her friends also volunteer at the shelter. Ching Yen is applying for colleges next year and she knows that doing community service will look great on her college application forms. What type of motivation is Ching Yen MOST likely demonstrating?

extrinsic

A friend tells you "I once heard of a person who was murdered by being hyponotized and then told to jump off the Golden Gate Bridge!" Is this statement possible?

false

If you are trying to solve a math problem, then it is assumed that you must be engaged in some logical sequential processing. This type of processing is MOST likely a function of the right hemisphere.

false

Neuropsychologists have determined that the action potential is the fundamental element of the nervous system.

false

One of your classmates tells you that there are some people who never dream. According to sleep researchers, is your friend's statement true or false?

false

Sleep researchers have found that sleep enables the brain to rest because there is very little brain activity takes place during sleep.

false

While you are picking up some groceries for dinner, you happen to run into one of your old high school classmates. Recognizing your high school classmate is MOST likely due to the activation in the left hemisphere.

false

Many researchers have found that bulimia nervosa, unlike anorexia nervosa,

is difficult to detect because the person's weight is often normal.

There are different theories about a person's sexual orientation. Cara believes that her friend, Kevin, is gay because his homosexual behavior was reinforced (e.g., pleasant experience with another gay male), whereas his heterosexual behavior was punished (e.g., unpleasant experience with a female date). What type of theory about homosexuality does Cara endorse?

learning

The Internet, with its series of links from one site to many others, is a good analogy for the organization of _______________.

long-term memory

According to researchers, which hormone is MOST related to our sleep/wake cycle?

melatonin

Which of the following are memory aids (particularly those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices)?

mnemonics

According to Maslow, a person who wants to become self-actualized must first satisfy

more basic needs such as food and safety.

The process by which activities are started, directed, and sustained to meet a person's wants is called which of the following?

motivation

A sleep researcher at Stanford University showed the dog, Hoover, a tennis ball. Hoover got so excited, but before he could play with the ball, he suddenly slumped down and slipped into REM sleep. What sort of sleep disorder does Hoover suffer from?

narcolepsy

After undergoing an emergency C-section to get her baby out, Jen was given morphine by her nurse to alleviate her pain as she recovered from the surgery. What type of drug is morphine?

narcotic

Professor Singh surveyed her six classes and found that the students who tended to go out and party were also the students who got the poorest grades on her exams. What type of correlation is this relationship between the amount of partying and test scores?

negative

Liz failed her math test, so her parents told her that she could not play video games for an entire month. Her parents are using which of the following?

negative punishment

Randy has recently lost his driving privileges because he got too many speeding tickets. This would be an example of which of the following?

negative punishment

Sung Li turns her report in her teacher on the day it is due because papers get marked down a letter grade for every day that they are late. Sung Li's behavior is MOST likely which of the following?

negative reinforcement

Unfortunately you recently got pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the freeway. Getting a ticket is MOST likely an example of ______________.

positive punishment

Allen is a server at a restaurant and always tries to smile and be pleasant because that seems to lead to bigger tips. What is Allen most likely demonstrating?

positive reinforcement

Yousef recently got a new job and he will be moving from Los Altos, California to Perth, Australia. During the first few weeks that he was in Perth, Yousef had trouble remembering to drive on the left side of the road. What is Yousef's problem MOST likely due to?

proactive interference

Juan took sociology in the fall quarter and is now taking psychology. Some of the concepts are similar, and Juan finds that he sometimes has trouble recalling some of the major sociology theorists. He keeps getting them confused with psychology theorists. Juan's problem is most likely due to which of the following?

retroactive interference

Stella had a small stroke that unfortunately resulted in partial paralysis on the left side of her body. The stroke damage MOST likely occurred in which cerebral lobe?

right frontal

Dr. Kilner works in a school district. On a daily basis, he goes to different elementary schools to help children who are having problems at school (for example, difficulty understanding writing assignments, hitting other children during recess, refusing to listen to the teacher). Dr. Kilner is MOST likely a(n) _______________ psychologist.

school

Hope can remember names of the first two people she was introduced to at Ian's party, and she can also remember the name of the last two people that she met. However, the names of the dozen or so people that she met in between are gone from her memory. Hope's memory is an example of which concept?

serial position effect

Which of the following neurotransmitter is MOST associated with sleep, mood, and appetite?

serotonin

According to researchers, what is the MOST likely explanation for why fear caused by severe punishment tends to make the punishment ineffective?

Fear often interferes with the child's ability to learn from the punishment.

Which of the following is due to a beta amyloid plaques and tangles which result in the patient having cognitive (e.g., forgetting) and physical deteriorations?

Alzheimer's disease

Although the use of animals for research purposes is still highly controversial. However these researchers believe that it is beneficial to use animals in their studies. Which of the following statements is correct with regard to these benefits?

Animals have simple behaviors that makes it easy to see changes. Animals do not live as long as humans and are easier to control. We can do things to animals that we cannot do to human participants.

Why do we have emotions?

Because it prepares us for action Because it shapes our future behavior Because it helps us interact more effectively with others

Vishal is recovering from damage to his brain. His main symptom is having difficulty in the fluidity of his speech. Instead of saying, "I'm going to P.T. (physical therapy) at nine o'clock, " he says "I go......P.T...........nine." Vishal's symptom is MOST likely consistent with which disorder?

Broca's aphasia

1 / 1 pts Kenisha is currently taking a psychology class. She recently read in the textbook chapter that this drug type causes people to have increased alertness, greater self-confidence, stamina, and euphoria. Which drug type is MOST likely being described?

CNS stimulants

Which of the following theory of emotion states that both an emotional response and physiological arousal are produced simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus in the thalamus.

Cannon-Bard

Which of the following brain scans place electrodes around the skull to record the electrical signals transmitted throughout the brain?

EEG

According to the research on biological preparedness, which pairing of stimuli will MOST quickly create a learned association?

Eating a box of raisins and experiencing extreme nausea.

A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. This psychologist is most interested in the which goal of psychological research?

Explanation

According to researchers, the increase in premarital sex in recent years has been greater for men than for women.

False

Debriefing is one strategy that investigators can use to try to eliminate participants' expectations about their research study.

False

In contrast to the behavioral learning theorists such as B.F. Skinner, cognitive learning theorists such as Albert Bandura are concerned with ONLY with overt behavior and NOT the internal causes of behavior.

False

Individuals who suffer from Korsakoff's syndrome are people who are long-term heroin addicts and they may suffer from mood changes and cognitive deficits (e.g., repeating a story over and over again).

False

It is believed by psychologists that emotions are always accompanied by a cognitive response.

False

Researchers in the health field have found that the incidence of masturbation among young adults is fairly low. However once men and women become involved in intimate relationships, they tend to decrease their likelihood to masturbate.

False

The saying "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" tends to be best associated with which theoretical perspective?

Gestalt psychology

Penelope is asked to develop a management strategy that will encourage safer work practices in an assembly plant. Penelope would MOST likely to be categorized as which type of psychologist?

Industrial/organizational psychologist

Researchers state that the main advantage of a case study is which of the following?

It contains a great deal of rich and detailed information about the participant

Archival research is BEST described as which of the following statements?

It examines existing records to confirm a hypothesis.

Your heart is racing, your breathing is rapid, and your mouth is dry. What emotion are you experiencing?

It is not always possible to distinguish one emotion from another by physiological reactions only.

Yousef just sees a rattlesnake while hiking in the foothills. He suddenly feels his heart start to pound, his breathing becames labored, and he starts to sweat. Due to his physiological reaction to the snake, Yousef interprets it as fear of the snake. Which theory of emotion is supported by this account?

James-Lange theory

Which of the following drugs is NOT a central nervous system depressant?

LSD

Which of the following statements about learning is NOT true?

Learning is another word for maturation.

Amanda wants her wife, Beatrice, to come home earlier from work, so they can spend more time together. Yesterday Beatrice came home early and she was pleasantly surprised by a delicious meal that Amanda prepared. If she continues to come home early, Amanda promised that she would cook a tasty dinner every night. Which theoretical perspective is Amanda MOST likely using to encourage Beatrice to come home earlier?

Learning/Behavioral

Which of the following statements about marijuana is TRUE?

Marijuana is not physically addictive.

Dr. Kuo was interested in the type of video games that males and females like to play. So she went to a local video arcade and found that males and females tend to prefer different types of video games. What kind of study was conducted by Dr. Kuo?

Naturalistic observation

Your friend, a psychology major, tells you, "I was at a party last night. During the course of the evening, my general level of arousal increased. Since I was at a party where people were enjoying themselves, I asume that I must have felt happy." What theory of emotion does your friend subscribe to?

Schachter-Singer theory

If you are a split-brain patient, which of the following would be TRUE?

Objects in your right visual field would be easily name.

You were recently told that your uncle may have a brain tumor. His doctor suggests that your uncle needs to have a brain scan in which a radioactive sugar will be injected into his bloodstream in order to look at his brain's biochemical activity. What type of brain scan is being suggested?

PET

Which of the following is problematic to survey research?

People may lie in order to present a good image.

Acting out your dreams during REM sleep is a rare condition called ___________________

REM behavioral disorder

Which of the following is TRUE of night terrors?

They are more common in children.

Which of the following statements about flashbulb memories (e.g., like the moment that you heard about September 11th) is TRUE?

They are vivid and detailed.

According to Abraham Maslow, a humanistic psychologist, a person with no job, no home, and no friends cannot become self-actualized.

True

According to behaviorists, pizza and salad are considered primary reinforcers.

True

According to researchers, patterns of behavior that are biologically determined and inborn are known as drives.

True

Evolutionary psychologists state that some people become obese because their ancestors were hunter-gatherers and they were more likely to store up fat for future times of famine.

True

Learning theorists such as Skinner state that reinforcement leads to an increase in a previous response, while punishment leads to a decrease in the previous response.

True

Memory researchers have found that long-term memory tends to store information on a relatively permanent basis.

True

Most Skinnerian behaviorists believed that the differences between species of animals (humans vs. pigeons) are not significant. That is, they believe that there are no major differences between humans and other animals in our behaviors.

True

Spontaneous recovery is the re-emergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning.

True

Of the following, which is the most similar to the concept of long-term memory?

a filing cabinet

________________ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ________________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

a granola bar ; money

Researchers in the field of psychology have verified that meditation can be useful for producing ____________________

a state of relaxation

Julio is the type of person who constantly strives for excellence. He feels intense satisfaction when he is able to master a new task. Julio most likely has a high need for _________________.

achievement

Gabriela believes that random electrical activity stimulates various areas of the brain, which are woven together to produce a dream. Which dream theory is Gabriela endorsing?

activation-synthesis theory

Dr. Ravi states that sleeping is important because it keeps us out of trouble so we do not get eaten by predators. This in turn increases our likelihood of survival and passing on our genes to the next generation. Which sleep theory is being described by Dr. Ravi?

adaptive theory

In social settings, Annette often wants other people to like her. Generally she seems to get along well with others and she often goes along with the group (i.e., good team player). Annette most likely has a high need for _______________.

affiliation

Several of her friends suspect that Marnie is using some sort of drug. She is very thin, stays awake for long periods of time, and is often jittery, nervous, and somewhat paranoid. What type of drug is Marnie most likely using?

amphetamine

Padma remembers when she was hiking and saw a bear. Although she was not hurt (and the bear was probably more scared than she was), Padma was very frightened and will always vividly remember that event. Which part of Padma's brain would MOST likely store this unpleasant memory?

amygdala

Memory can best be described as

an active system that encodes, stores, and retrieves information.

Which of the following is the male sex hormone?

androgens

Sabrina is obsessed about her body weight. Her friends noticed that she has started to wear baggy clothes to hide her weight loss. They also observed that Sabrina has become obsessed with exercising and often cooks food for them (and does not eat any of it herself). What is Sabrina most likely suffering from?

anorexia

Jasmine was in a bike accident and she suffered an injury to her brain. As she recovered from her injuries, she found that she had difficulty learning new events. For example, she had lunch with her friend, Malik, for lunch. However later on Jasmine is asked who she had lunch with that day. She does not remember that she had lunch with Malik earlier that day. Her physicans found that she can remember the events in the morning leading up to the bike accident. Jasmine MOST likely is suffering from which type of amnesia?

anterograde

Arlene believes that motivation stems from the belief that we try to main certain levels of stimulation and activity (e.g., increasing or decreasing). Which approach best fits Arlene's idea of motivation?

arousal approach

Long-term memories are encoded in terms of ____________________.

auditory cues visual images meanings of words and concepts

Kaitlin is riding a unicycle across a wooden beam. What part of Kaitlin's brain is being utilized?

cerebellum

How does one neuron communicate with another neuron?

chemicals in the end of one neuron float across the gap to fit into holes on the next neuron.

The sleep-wake cycle is a(n) ________________ rhythm, normally occurring every 24 hours.

circadian

Which of the following specialities in psychology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders? Correct!

clinical

Dr. Morishita is interested in understanding how people tend to remember certain types of information (e.g., ,what they did on their birthday this year), but they easily forget other types of information (e.g., what they ate for dinner last Monday). What type of psychologist is Dr. Morishita?

cognitive psychologist

Tyrell noticed that whenever he used his electric can opener, his cat would come into the kitchen and act hungry by mewing. He reasoned that this behavior was occurring because he used the can opener to open the cat's food. The mewing after hearing the can opener is which of the following?

conditioned response

Holly notices that whenever she takes the child stroller out of the garage, her dog would start barking excitedly and race around the room. Holly believes that her dog is excited because he thinks that he is going for a walk. The child stroller has become a(n) ____________________________.

conditioned stimulus

Guang Xu, a college freshman, is worried about his grades. He needs to learn better organizational skills and study habits to cope with the demands of college life. Which type of psychologist could BEST help Guang Xu with building these skills?

counseling

All of the following are related to our circadian rhythms, except.....

daydreaming

If, after learning history of the Middle East for a class two years ago, you now find yourself unable to recall what you learned. Due to the cause of nonuse, you are experiencing what type of memory loss?

decay

Which part of the neuron receives messages from other cells?

dendrite

During a conversation with your friend, she says "I know exactly where I was and what I was doing when I heard that Prince died." What is this type of memory phenomenon called?

flashbulb memory

There is a famous 1848 case study of Phineas Gage, a railroad worker. A horrific accident occurred when a iron rod penetrated his skull. Even though he survived the accident, he was a complete changed man. He was no longer able to make good, rational decisions and had difficulty planning and setting goals for himself. Where did the damage in Phineas Gage occur?

frontal lobe

The first time Giorgio sees a duck, his mother tells him, "That's a duck. Can you say duck?" He repeats the word gleefully. The next day he is watching a cartoon and sees a chicken on the television. He points at the chicken and says "duck!" What is Giorgio demonstrating?

generalization

Some memory researchers would suggest that if you were really happy when you were learning Russian, then you should be _______________ when taking the final exam in order to get the best retrieval.

happy

The use of a strong conditioned stimulus to create a second conditioned stimulus is called __________________.

higher-order conditioning

The role of the ______________ in the formation of new long-term memories was first made apparent in the case of H.M., a famous amnesiac, who underwent brain surgery to rid his severe epiletic seizures.

hippocampus

Thomas had a viral infection in the brain. Although he just watched a sitcom on television, he now cannot remember what he just saw. Thomas most likely has damage to which part of his brain?

hippocampus

My therapist is wonderful! She always points out my positive traits. She focuses on my uniqueness and strength as an individual. I feel much more confident about myself -- as if I'm really growing and reaching my full potential." The therapist being described most likely follows a ____________________________ perspective.

humanistic

According to psychologists, ______________ is considered a state of heightened susceptibility to the suggestions of others.

hypnosis

When we eat, the pancreas releases ______________, which lowers blood sugar and can increase the feeling of hunger.

insulin

If you were to develop a rare condition in which signals from your eyes were sent to the area of the brain that processes sound and signals from the ears were sent to the area of the brain that processes vision, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

thalamus

In your college dorm, any time you take a shower, someone always flushes the toilet and causes the water in your shower to turn icy cold, making you cringe. After several episodes like this, you find that you tend to cringe whenever you hear a toilet flush, no matter where you are. In this example, what is the unconditioned stimulus?

the cold water

In an experiment to test the effects of alcohol on memory, the experimenter gives vodka mixed in orange juice to one group of participants and orange juice with no vodka to the other group. She then measures the memory skills of both groups by giving them a word memory test. In this study, the independent variable would be which of the following?

the presence or absence of vodka in the orange juice

In the last few weeks, Estefany noticed that she is feeling tired all the time, her body temperature is low, and she has gained some weight. Which endocrine gland should she get checked out by her physician?

thyroid

In Bandura's study with the Bobo doll, the children in the group that saw the model punished did not imitate the model at first. They would only imitate the model if given a reward for doing so. The fact that these children had obviously learned the behavior without actually performing it is an example of ________________________.

vicarious (observational) learning