Psych Ch 10
15. Cirrhosis of the liver due to alcohol abuse is characterized by a. liver cells becoming engorged with fat and protein. b. an increased efficiency of alcohol absorption with a corresponding decrease in blood cell reproduction. c. a decreased efficiency in absorption due to liver atrophy. d. None of the above choices are correct.
A
11. Lifetime prevalence rates for alcoholism are approximately ________ for men and ________ for women. a. 20%; 8% b. 40%; 20% c. 8%; 8% d. 10%; 20%
A
12. Among college students, binge drinking is more common in a. men. b. women. c. the prevalence of binge drinking is equal in men and women. d. state schools versus private schools.
A
29. Among the following individuals, who is going to be most addicted to tobacco? a. A thirty year old white male who has been smoking ten years. b. A thirty year old African-American male who has been smoking ten years. c. A twenty-five year old Asian female who has been smoking five years. d. A twenty-five year old Asian male who has been smoking two years.
Answer B
28. Which of the following statements are true? a. Since the 1960's, the prevalence of long-term smoking in American adults has decreased. b. Since the 1960's, the prevalence of long-term smoking in American adults has increased. c. Prevalence of smoking is highest among highly educated people. d. In general, smoking is more prevalent in women.
Answer: A
48. Mark is experiencing the following symptoms after taking a drug: he feels an initial rush of ecstasy, has great self-confidence and has lost all his worries and fears. At the same time, he is feeling drowsy and relaxed. Which of the following drugs is Mark most likely to have taken recently? a. heroin b. alcohol c. marijuana d. cocaine
Answer: A Type: Applied Page: 312
98. Which of the following have been used in treatment for smoking cessation? a. antidepressants b. anxiolytics c. stimulants d. acetaminophen
Answer: A Type: Factual Page: 337
103. Methadone is a a. heroin substitute. b. sedative. c. barbiturate. d. anxiolytic.
Answer: A Type: Factual Page: 342
108. Changing beliefs about the prevalence of smoking in young people a. appears to be an effective strategy in delaying the onset of smoking. b. has shown little promise in delaying the onset of smoking. c. actually increases smoking in young people. d. is less effective than resistance training, such as DARE.
Answer: A Type: Factual Page: 345
105. Scheduled smoking is a technique in which smokers are encouraged to a. make elaborate plans for their "quit day." b. gradually increase the time between cigarettes. c. gradually reduce the places where they will smoke. d. smoke rapidly in poorly ventilated rooms.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 338
107. Which of the following has been useful in discouraging teens from trying drugs and alcohol? a. D.A.R.E. b. brief family interventions c. television commercials about the dangers of substance use d. All of the above have been useful.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 345
101. A difficulty in studying residential treatment programs for drug abuse is that a. most residences are secretive and unwilling to allow research activity. b. addicts at such settings are not severely addicted. c. patients at these settings are voluntary, and therefore these addicts represent a minority of the actual addict population. d. the number of patients entering such settings changes slowly, making it difficult to obtain an adequate number of participants.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 341
102. Treatment for heroin addiction often involves a. ibuprofen. b. antidepressants. c. the use of a heroin substitute. d. immediate abstinence.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 342
109. Which has been the most difficult problem among smokers trying to quit? a. making the decision to quit b. obtaining professional help c. preventing relapse d. side-effects of cigarette substitutes
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 346
106. How effective is the Project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education)? a. extremely effective b. effective primarily in girls c. effective primarily in boys d. not effective
Answer: D Type: Applied Page: 345
104. Why do some believe that the new prescription drug Suboxone is a superior treatment for heroin dependence? a. It is mildly addictive. b. The effects last longer than methadone. c. Individuals do not have to visit a clinic to receive this medication. d. All of the above are true.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 342
13. Alcohol abuse is particularly high among which of the following groups? a. Hispanics b. Afro-Americans c. Native Americans d. Asian Americans
C
10. Why is it considered particularly dangerous to abuse more than one drug at a time? a. It may lead to taking more dangerous drugs. b. You are more likely to become addicted. c. The interaction of the drugs masks each others' effects. d. The interaction of the drugs produces an especially strong reaction.
D
49. After the effects of heroin wear off, the user typically a. feels drowsy. b. becomes extremely hungry. c. experiences a letdown, often almost a stupor. d. a heightened sense of awareness.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 312
54. Leon ingested a drug, and at first felt relaxed and happy. His speech was slurred, and he had great difficulty concentrating. He became irritable toward the friends he was with, trying to start a fight over nothing. Finally, Leon fell into a deep sleep. Which of the following drugs did Leon probably ingest? a. barbiturates b. marijuana c. amphetamine d. LSD
Answer: A Type: Applied Page: 313
84. "Controlled drinking" refers to a. using aversion therapy to control the drinking of alcoholics. b. the approach to alcohol use promoted by Alcoholics Anonymous. c. programs designed to teach alcoholics to drink in moderation rather than abstain completely. d. preventing alcoholism through changes in society and laws such as prohibition.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 334
4. Carlos suddenly stopped taking amphetamines after prolonged abuse of the drug. He became very ill and died. His death is an example of a. substance dependence. b. substance abuse. c. withdrawal symptoms. d. synergistic effects.
c
14. According to Jellinek's model, the first stage on the route to alcoholism is a. social drinking. b. binge drinking. c. weekend drinking. d. acute intoxication episodes.
A
21. Pregnant women have been encouraged by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to a. totally abstain from drinking. b. not alter their drinking habits. c. drink one or two drinks a day to help them relax. d. reduce their drinking to no more than several drinks a day.
A
6. A recent study conducted in the United States indicated that over 9% of the population a. met diagnostic criteria for substance abuse or dependence. b. were alcoholics. c. reported using heroin at some point in their lifetime. d. were addicted to nicotine.
A
8. Delirium tremens is due to a. a sudden drop in alcohol levels in a chronic, heavy drinker. b. high doses of alcohol in a person who has not previously drunk heavily. c. high doses of alcohol in a chronic heavy drinker. d. All of the above can cause the symptoms of delirium tremens.
A
96. A risk associated with nicotine gum is a. that the flavor prevents many people from completing a program of use designed to quit smoking. b. that it can increase blood pressure, leading to health risks for those with cardiovascular diseases. c. negative interactions with other prescription drugs. d. the resemblance it bears to other candies, making it appealing to children.
Answer: B Type: Applied Page: 339
56. Tim works at a law firm where he is expected to bring in a large number of cases each week. He has been working at this job for five years, typically putting in 70 hours a week. He has begun to experience irritability and has begun to drink alcohol in the evening in order to get to sleep. Based on this information, if he were taking any other drug, it would most likely be a. sedatives. b. amphetamines. c. hallucinogens. d. pain killers.
Answer: B Type: Applied Page: 313
67. After taking a particular drug, Hal began feeling that time was passing very slowly, and he began having profound thoughts about the nature of time and the universe. While this first experience was at first deeply moving, leading to feelings of elation, the next time Hal tried this drug, he felt anxious and depressed. What drug did Hal probably take? a. marijuana b. ecstacy c. heroin d. cocaine
Answer: B Type: Applied Page: 319
93. The lowest relapse rate is associated with which of the following approaches to smoking cessation? a. rapid puffing b. scheduled smoking c. focused smoking d. developing coping skills to use when confronted with tempting situations
Answer: B Type: Applied Page: 338
38. Regular marijuana use results in a. visual processing difficulties. b. short term memory impairment. c. decreased attention span. d. increased agitation.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 306
71. If a drug is used largely because it decreases a negative mood, then the psychological effect of that drug is considered a. negatively reinforcing. b. positively reinforcing. c. non-addictive. d. a mood stabilizer.
Answer: A Type: Applied Page: 325
87. When treating an alcoholic, it is important to a. help them consider the costs of drinking in excess b. determine the biological basis for the person's drinking problem. c. adhere closely to a particular theoretical model to avoid confusing the patient with contradictory approaches. d. tackle other life problems which the person may be experiencing before talking about alcohol.
Answer: A Type: Applied Page: 335
94. The goal of scheduled smoking is a. gradual reduction in nicotine intake. b. controlled smoking, in which smoking continues but much more moderately. c. to help smokers quit abruptly by scheduling a "stop smoking" day in advance. d. identification of triggers associated with smoking.
Answer: A Type: Applied Page: 338
41. Smoking marijuana has been shown to a. elevate heart rate, posing a risk to those with abnormal heart function. b. cause fatal heart attacks in healthy young men. c. lead to hypertension. d. have no significant effect on the cardiovascular system.
Answer: A Type: Factual Page: 307
43. The benefit of marijuana when used for chronic illnesses is primarily a. to reduce nausea for patients undergoing chemotherapy. b. to increase immune function. c. to improve attention and maintain medication adherence. d. to prevent additional infection.
Answer: A Type: Factual Page: 309
46. In recent years, a major change in the form heroin is obtained in is a. that it is now more pure. b. that it is more likely to be mixed in with other drugs, such as marijuana. c. that it now comes in a capsule. d. that it now comes in a tablet form.
Answer: A Type: Factual Page: 311
73. Although it has been shown that alcohol does not have a consistent effect upon stress, people continue to drink as a means to alleviate stress because a. they expect it to help. b. others suggest drinking to unwind. c. drinking is more socially acceptable than consuming other drugs. d. they are unaware of the severity of life stress they are experiencing.
Answer: A Type: Factual Page: 326
78. The incentive-sensitization theory of substance addiction considers a. cravings for the substance and the pleasure that comes with taking the substance. b. the extremes a person will go to obtain the substance. c. the age of a person when they first use the substance. d. how much a person likes the substance.
Answer: A Type: Factual Page: 329
82. Belief in the spiritual aspects of Alcoholics Anonymous has been found to a. be important for success in remaining abstinent. b. lead to a fatalism that actually interferes with combating alcohol dependence. c. play an insignificant role in the success of the program. d. No research has been done on this aspect of the program.
Answer: A Type: Factual Page: 332
91. Jared is receiving treatment for alcohol abuse, and his therapist has focused largely on how his drinking has interfered with his valued goals. This form of treatment is called a. motivational-enhancement therapy. b. goal-facilitation therapy. c. focused abstinence therapy. d. guided self-change.
Answer: A Type: Factual Page: 336: Focus on Discovery 10.4
32. Hashish is a. derived from resin after smoking marijuana. b. derived from resin from higher quality cannabis plants. c. based upon a mixture of marijuana and heroin. d. milder than marijuana.
Answer: B
35. Which of the following statements about the "stepping-stone" theory of drug use is most accurate? a. Most people who use "soft" drugs will move on to try "harder" drugs. b. Most people who use "hard" drugs started out on "softer" drugs. c. There is no difference between "hard" and "soft" drugs. d. There is no relationship between the use of "hard" and "soft" drugs.
Answer: B
50. George is experiencing symptoms similar to a bad flu; he is sneezing, sweating, becoming tearful, yawning frequently, and has muscle pain. Which of the following drugs is he most likely withdrawing from? a. alcohol b. heroin c. cocaine d. amphetamine
Answer: B Type: Applied Page: 312
53. Which of the following drugs is most likely to have life-threatening withdrawal reactions? a. alcohol b. barbiturates c. heroin d. cocaine
Answer: B Type: Applied Page: 313
39. Recent research regarding marijuana suggests a. that it is not at all addictive. b. it may be addictive. c. there are clearly withdrawal symptoms. d. it is not as dangerous as previously believed.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 306
45. Which of the following best describes the change in the prevalence rate of heroin use in recent years? a. The prevalence rate of heroin has increased primarily among the urban poor. b. The prevalence rate of heroin has increased primarily among well educated people. c. The prevalence rate of heroin has decreased primarily among women. d. The prevalence rate of heroin has decreased dramatically across most groups.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 311
47. Which drug produces euphoria, drowsiness, reverie, and sometimes a lack of coordination? a. cocaine b. heroin c. LSD d. amphetamines
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 312
52. Sedatives most likely affect a. norepinephrine levels. b. the GABA system. c. dopamine receptors. d. muscarinic receptors.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 313
55. Cocaine is classified as a a. sedative. b. stimulant. c. barbiturate. d. hallucinogen.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 313
60. One of the difficulties in conducting studies of the specific effects of methamphetamines, is that a. methamphetamine use is very rare. b. many methamphetamine users have also used other substances. c. individuals who use methamphetamines are particularly likely to also use crack. d. most users of methamphetamines live in rural areas.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 315
64. Mescaline is obtained a. by a chemical procedure that can only be done in a lab. b. from a cactus plant. c. by combining two hallucinogenic drugs. d. None of the above choices are correct.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 318
68. Nitrous oxide has led to death because of a. heart failure. b. asphyxiation. c. violence. d. All of the above choices are correct.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 321: Focus on Discovery 10.3
69. Research has suggested that in cultures or social contexts where heavy drinking is considered normal, a. there are lower consumption rates. b. there are higher consumption rates. c. women are less likely to become alcoholics than women in cultures where drinking is discouraged. d. men in the lower social classes are more likely to become alcoholics.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 322
75. Research suggests that the genetic diathesis for alcoholism may consist of a. sensitivity to the taste of alcohol. b. the ability to tolerate large amounts of alcohol. c. an increased tendency for natural opiates to be released by alcohol. d. None of the above: the nature of the diathesis is unknown.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 328
76. Recent research suggests that the tendency to smoke may be controlled in part by a. baseline levels of serotonin. b. a gene that regulates the uptake of dopamine. c. a deficiency in dopamine. d. a brain area that regulates both serotonin and dopamine.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 329
80. Alcoholics Anonymous programs are usually run by a. psychiatrists or psychologists. b. the participants themselves. c. mental health professionals who are themselves recovering alcoholics. d. trained paraprofessionals.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 332
85. An alcohol treatment strategy that has created considerable controversy has been a. inpatient detoxification. b. controlled drinking. c. covert sensitization. d. contingency management.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 334
90. Why are antidepressants used to treat people who are alcohol dependent? a. They help to reverse the depressive effects of the alcohol while the person is undergoing withdrawal. b. Many people with alcohol dependence are depressed. c. They block the activity of endorphins that are stimulated by alcohol, thus reducing cravings. d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 337
95. By age sixty-five, most smokers a. continue smoking but have fewer cigarettes each day. b. quit. c. become severely ill with a physical disease from smoking. d. also drink to excess.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 338
99. A first step for treating people dependent on drugs is a. helping them identify why they began to use drugs. b. detoxification. c. helping them understand why the drug is not good for them. d. committing to abstinence.
Answer: B Type: Factual Page: 340
44. Heroin is classified as a a. hallucinogen. b. sedative. c. stimulant. d. barbiturate.
Answer: B Type: Factual: Page 310
31. Exposure of a nonsmoker to secondhand smoke a. is less harmful than smoking because of the lower levels of nicotine and tar in secondhand smoke. b. has been shown to have far fewer negative effects than the media has suggested. c. can lead to lung damage. d. has negative effects on the fetuses of pregnant nonsmokers but not on the women themselves.
Answer: C
33. Studies finding changes in the prevalence of marijuana use over the years are examples of which type of research? a. case study b. correlational c. epidemiological d. experimental
Answer: C
34. Epidemiology data have shown that the rate of marijuana use has a. risen steadily since 1980. b. has remained stable since 1991. c. rose steadily from 1991 to 1997, and has remained stable since. d. decreased since 1997.
Answer: C
83. Jared is currently in treatment for alcohol abuse. His therapist asks him to imagine a scene in which he is about to drink alcohol. However, just before he imagines drinking, he instead imagines vomiting violently. This form of therapy is called a. intrapunitive. b. expectation modification. c. covert sensitization. d. contingent control.
Answer: C Type: Applied Page: 334
86. Jared is receiving guided self-change therapy for his alcohol abuse. Accordingly, he is also learning strategies for controlling his behaviors associated with drinking, as well as actual drinking. In such a program, what would NOT be a part of this program? a. The encouragement of minor behavioral changes (e.g., not driving past bars). b. Calculating the amount of money spent on alcohol per year. c. Achieving recognition that he has become completely powerless over alcohol. d. Utilizing an empathic, supportive approach.
Answer: C Type: Applied Page: 335
37. What complicates studies of the effects of marijuana? a. Marijuana contains many compounds. b. Many users are polydrug abusers. c. Effects vary widely with potency and dose. d. Its problems were recognized only recently.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 306
51. Heroin addiction and crime are thought to be highly correlated because a. the drug causes loss of a moral sense, and sociopathy develops. b. criminals are more likely to become drug addicts than non-criminals because of their association with people in the "black market" drug trade. c. addicts commit crimes in order to raise money to buy drugs. d. addicts do not actually commit more crimes but are arrested more often because their behavior while on the drug is disruptive.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 312
61. In the 1980's a new form of cocaine which comes in a rock crystal form was introduced and called a. amphetamine. b. methamphetamine. c. crack. d. freebase.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 317
66. The drug, Ecstasy, is a relatively new form of a. stimulants. b. barbiturates. c. hallucinogens. d. marijuana.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 319
70. An important sociocultural variable that has been cited in the increased use of cigarettes has been a. the role of the family in providing implicit messages regarding smoking. b. rebound effects from the end of 'just say no' campaigns. c. the media and advertising. d. the restriction of places where one may smoke.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 322
72. Recent research suggests that alcohol has little effect on stress if a. alcohol is consumed before the stressor. b. the stressor is social in nature. c. alcohol is consumed after the stressor. d. alcohol is consumed during the stressor.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 326
92. The vast majority of smokers who quit do so a. through quitting cold turkey. b. with the help of hypnosis. c. through scheduled smoking treatment. d. without professional help.
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 338
100. Which of the following has been demonstrated to be most effective in treating cocaine abusers? a. naltrexone b. antidepressants c. cognitive-behavior therapy d. combination of cognitive-behavior therapy and either antidepressants or naltrexone
Answer: C Type: Factual Page: 341
30. Cigarette smoking is more prevalent among a. women. b. the elderly. c. college students. d. blue-collar workers.
Answer: D
40. What psychological effect is common to both marijuana and alcohol? a. impaired memory b. impaired driving skills c. increased relaxation and sociability d. All of the above are common.
Answer: D Type: Applied Page: 306
57. Jolynn took a drug that caused the following symptoms: she felt wide awake and friendly, and had no interest in lunch despite not having eaten since the night before. After taking a second dose of the drug, she became nervous and confused and developed a severe headache. Which of the following drugs did Jolynn probably take? a. alcohol b. marijuana c. barbiturates d. amphetamines
Answer: D Type: Applied Page: 313
36. The stepping-stone theory is also referred to as a a. correlational theory. b. multi-determined theory. c. social facilitation theory. d. gateway theory.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 307: Focus on Discovery 10.1
42. Studies of addiction to marijuana have indicated that a. use of the drug leads to physical dependence stronger than that of nicotine. b. use of the drug leads to tolerance. c. more experienced smokers need less marijuana to become high. d. Both choices b and c are correct.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 308
58. Which of the following are withdrawal symptoms from caffeine? a. headaches b. anxiety c. fatigue d. All of the above choices are correct.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 314: Focus on Discovery 10.2
59. Chronic use of methamphetamines a. was condoned by Freud. b. is rarely correlated with use of other drugs. c. actually enhances cognitive abilities. d. may result in smaller hippocampal volume.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 315
62. A recent study indicated that there were more hospital ER visits for ______ than for any other drug. a. heroin b. amphetamine c. marijuana d. cocaine
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 317
63. LSD is a (n) a. amphetamine. b. methamphetamine. c. stimulant. d. hallucinogen.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 317
65. Flashbacks following LSD use are caused by a. drug- induced changes in brain structures. b. LSD released from storage in cells. c. personality variables that render the user susceptible. d. The cause is unknown.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 318
74. What has been shown to be related to the changes in marijuana consumption among high school students? a. Social factors that foster marijuana use, such as joblessness or economic factors. b. Media images supporting cigarette smoking. c. Lowered purity of marijuana available in the market. d. Beliefs about the risks associated with marijuana smoking.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 327
77. Nearly all drugs, as well as alcohol, stimulate a. sensation seeking pathways. b. GABA pathways. c. serotonin systems in the brain. d. dopamine systems in the brain.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 329
79. A major goal of inpatient hospital- based treatment for alcohol abuse is a. to focus upon sobriety as a major criteria for discharge. b. helping the individual admit there is a problem. c. increasing nutrition and creating a behavior that inhibits alcohol consumption. d. detoxification.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 331
81. The treatment goal of Alcoholics Anonymous is a. to help people cope with their spouse's or parent's drinking. b. to change the public's perceptions of alcohol and alcoholism. c. to learn to drink socially without becoming drunk. d. achieving abstinence from drinking.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 332
88. Antabuse is a medication for alcoholics which a. reduces anxiety during the detoxification period. b. helps replace the nutrients lost through malnutrition. c. mimics the physiological effects of alcohol without creating the same psychological effects. d. causes violent vomiting when alcohol is ingested.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 335
89. Which of the following is a risk of administering drugs to alcoholics as a means of treating their symptoms? a. The person is simply seeking a chemical cure when the cause may be psychological. b. Making the person believe that taking a substance is necessary to solve the problem. c. Many of the recommended medications also have unpleasant side effects that are compounded by the withdrawal from alcohol. d. All of the above choices are correct.
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 335
97. How effective are nicotine gum and patches in helping smokers quit? a. highly effective as a primary treatment b. largely ineffective even as a supplement to other programs c. moderately effective, as side-effects cause many to discontinue their use d. moderately effective when combined with psychological treatment
Answer: D Type: Factual Page: 339
16. Alcohol goes into the __________ and is absorbed into the blood, after which it is metabolized by the __________. a. small intestine; kidneys b. small intestine; liver c. stomach; liver d. stomach; kidneys
B
22. Which of the following statements is true? a. All fetuses exposed to alcohol will have cognitive problems later in life. b. Research suggests that growth deficits associated with prenatal alcohol exposure may be moderated by healthy family environments. c. Research indicates that moderate drinking has no effect on the fetus. d. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism has concluded that mild drinking is harmless for pregnant women.
B
24. Interpretation of the research demonstrating links between alcohol use and positive health benefits is complicated primarily by a. directionality problem. b. third-variable problem. c. lack of double-blind studies. d. lack of control groups.
B
26. Nicotine stimulates a. muscarinic receptors, which are associated with decreased pain perception. b. nicotinic receptors, which in turn stimulate dopamine receptors. c. dopamine receptors directly. d. serotonin receptors.
B
3. Wanda drinks frequently, and now does not require as much alcohol as six months ago to achieve the same effect. She reports that she can "outdrink" most people. Wanda is probably a. genetically predisposed to alcoholism. b. developing a physiological dependence on alcohol. c. acquiring behavioral skills in modulating her drinking. d. deluding herself. This is not physically possible.
B
1. Which is the most serious problem? a. substance abuse b. substance dependence c. substance use d. All of the above are equally serious
B Substance Dependence
2. Catherine has been unable to obtain crack for several weeks because she has had no money and so has not used the drug for the past month. She went through withdrawal symptoms when she was unable to take her usual dose. She craves the drug all the time and is constantly searching for ways to get some. Her efforts to obtain crack have seriously interfered with her ability to work and take care of her children. Which of the following DSM-IV diagnoses would best fit Catherine's symptoms? a. substance abuse b. substance dependence c. addiction d. Catherine does not qualify for a DSM-IV diagnosis since she has not used the drug for the past month.
B Substance Dependence
17. Which of the following persons will be most affected by two ounces of alcohol? a. A 195 pound woman who just ate a Big Mac. b. A 150 pound man who has an empty stomach. c. A 125 pound woman who has an empty stomach. d. All of the above people will be similarly affected by two ounces of alcohol.
C
19. After the blood alcohol level peaks and begins to decline, alcohol acts as a _________________ on the central nervous system. a. stimulant b. narcotic c. depressant d. hallucinogen
C
25. Nicotine is the addicting agent in a. marijuana. b. hashish. c. tobacco. d. cocaine.
C
18. The initial effect of alcohol is a. depressive. b. sedating. c. anxiety producing. d. stimulating.
D
20. Heavy drinkers a. suffer malnutrition from reduced food intake. b. suffer malnutrition by alcohol blocking proper absorption of nutrients. c. experience vitamin deficiencies. d. All of the above choices are correct.
D
23. Mild to moderate levels of alcohol consumption can a. lead to alcohol dependence in women who have experienced a stressful event. b. lead to cirrhosis. c. be related to better dietary habits and therefore longer lifespan. d. be related to decreased risk for coronary heart disease.
D
27. Which of the following are medical problems associated with long-term cigarette smoking? a. emphysema b. cancer of the esophagus c. cancer of the larynx d. All of the above are medical problems associated with long-term cigarette smoking
D
9. Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in alcohol tolerance but not in depression? a. serotonin b. dopamine c. norepinephrine d. GABA
D
7. Delirium tremens refers to a. a symptom of conversion disorder. b. the symptoms that accompany an overdose of heroin. c. the symptoms that may accompany withdrawal from alcohol. d. the hallucinations common in schizophrenia.
c
5. Substance dependence may be distinguished from substance abuse because a. substance dependence is associated more with legal trouble because of usage. b. substance use results in not meeting major obligations. c. substance dependent users endanger themselves by driving while under the influence. d. substance dependence is associated with failed attempts to reduce usage.
d