psych ch 11-12

a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which individuals exhibit one or more of the following symptoms: lack on concentration, excitability, and impulsivity

ADHD

_____ refers to the impaired decision making that occurs in a team when making the right decision is less important than maintaining harmony

group think

_______ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on their membership in a particular group

prejudice

_________ is the tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members

risky shift

___ involves strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and is often predominant in the early part of a love relationship

romantic love

for a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, they must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness for at least

2 weeks

the volunteer participants in Solomon Asch's experiment on conformity conformed to group pressure to select the incorrect answer approximately ______% of the time

35%

change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard

Conformity

the ___ was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the US

DSM - diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

_______ is based on a person's desire to be liked by a group

Normative social influence

the anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce future situation

OCD

when individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person, they are displaying

affectionate love

A fear becomes a phobia when

an individual will go to any length to avoid the situation that he fears

_______ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

anorexia nervosa

______ is a psychological disorder characterized by guiltiness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit

antisocial personality disorder

__ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas, and how they feel about the world

attitudes

The process by which we come to understand the cause the other's behavior is known as.....

attribution

the Americans with disabilities act

banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commerical buildings.

the _____ approach is evident in the medical model

biological

the ______ approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitters

biological

_________ is a mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state

bipolar disorder

genetic factors are stronger predictors of _____ disorder than of ______ disorder

bipolar than depressive

______ is an OCD related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance

body dysmorphic disorder

____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various context

borderline personality disorder

eating disorder in which an individual, typically female, consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern

bulimia nervosa

the most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have OCD is excessive

cleaning

___ is the psychological discomfort caused by 2 inconsistent thoughts

cognitive dissonance

Solomon Asch's experiment of social context demonstrates ____

conformity

the reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibilities when one is part of a group

deindividuation

the stanford prison experiment provides a dramatic example of how social situations and the roles we take in on life can influence

deindividuation

_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life

depression

a theory that suggest pre-exsisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder

diathesis stress model

Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders.

disease

________ is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

_______ involves a sudden loss of memory or changes in identity

dissociative disorders

the most dramatic, least common and most controversial dissociative disorder

dissociative identity disorder

which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder

dissociative identity disorder

___refers to the rationalizing the amount of work we put into getting something by increasing its value

effort justification

______ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good or avoid guilt

egoism

according to social exchange theory, the most important predictor of relationship success is

equity

the tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups

ethnocentrism

___ is a reflection of a person's conscious and openly shared attitude, which might be measured using a questionnaire ____refers to attitudes that exists on a deeper, hidden level, thus they must be measured with a method that does not require awareness

explicit racism/implicit racism

the ____ is the overestimated degree to which everybody else thinks or acts the way we do

false consensus effect

all of the following are symptoms of PTSD except

feeling emotionally charged

________ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion

flat effect

Deficits in the functioning of the _____ are associated with aggression

frontal lobes

the tendency for an observer to underestimate the impact of the external situation and overestimate the impact of inner traits when they seek explanations of a person's behavior

fundamental attribution error

_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. _____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture

hallucinations, delusions

individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ levels of perfectionism and ______ levels of self-efficacy

high, low

all of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorder EXCEPT

history on manic episodes

when members of a group know something that a person doesn't, that person will follow the group to be right. this is an example of:

informational social influence

according to attribution theory, attributions vary along _____&_____ causes

internal & external

attributions that include causes inside and specific to a person, such as his or her traits and abilities

internal attributions

according to the national institute of mental health, the leading cause of disability is the US is

major depressive disorder

With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered

maladaptive

______ refers to a psychological state in which an individual feels overexcited and unrealistically optimistic

mania

which of the following statement about panic disorders is FALSE

men are twice as likely as women to be diagnosed with panic disorder

a depressive disorder is classified as a ___ disorder

mood

depressive disorders are _____, whereas bipolar disorders are ____

more common in women, equally common in men and women

A classic series of experiments by Stanley Milgram demonstrated the profound effect of

obedience

in attribution theory, the person who offers a casual explanation of the actor's behavior is called the ......

observer

_____ are recurrent thoughts, and ____ are recurrent behaviors

obsessions. compulsions

in a ______ disorder a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause

panic disorder

__refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others

person perception

____ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality

positive illusions

the ___ symptoms of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or excess of normal function, whereas the ____ symptoms reflect withdrawal, behavior deficits, and the loss of normal functions

positive, negative

The mere exposure effect provides one possible explanation for why _________ increases attraction

proximity

the ___ approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders

psychological

_____ refers to a psychological state in which a person's thought perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality

psychosis

dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of

ptsd

behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors

relational aggression

______ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered, psychotic thought processes

schizophrenia

_____ theory is Daryl Bem's take on how behavior influences attitude

self perception

_______ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own success and deny responsibility for one's own failures

self-serving bias

Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of the neurotransmitters

serotonin and nor-epinephrine

an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear for being humiliated or embarrassed in public

social anxiety disorder

the area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information

social cognition

the process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors and abilities in relation to others is known as ____

social comparioson

The effects of others on our behavior can take the form of _________, imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotion, and ideas

social contagion

according to ______, social relationships involve the exchange of goods, the objective of which is to minimize cost and maximize benefits

social exchange theory

according to _______ the most important predictor of relationships success is having both partners feel that each is doing their fair share

social exchange theory

_____ refers to the way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership

social identity

which theory best explains why individuals like to think of their group as an in-group?

social identity theory

the study of how people think about, influence and relate to other people

social psychology

A ______ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider variations from one individual to another

stereotype

__ is an individual's fast acting, self fulfilling fear, of being judged based on a negative idea about their group

stereotype threat

an important feature of optimal intergroup contact that involves working together on a shared goal is known as _____

task-oriented cooperation

______ is a hormone typically implicated in aggressive behavior

testosterone