Psych Ch 11 and 1

All of the following are reasons for requiring clearly specified procedures for the administration and scoring of assessment measures, such as standardized tests, EXCEPT to

decrease the amount of time needed to administer the test

Initially, intelligence quotients were calculated on the basis of a person's mental and chronological ages. Using that approach, a person with a mental age of 12 and an intelligence score of 120 would have a chronological age of

10

Colleen received a score of 100 on an IQ test. The mean for the test is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. Assu the test had a normal distribution of scores. Colleen's score on the test was equal to or greater than the scores of what percent of people?

15

The ratio of mental age to chronological age for a child of average intelligence is

1:1

Mathematics achievement scores from a group of tenth graders are shown above. The distribution is normal with a standard deviation of 10. Approximately what percentage of students scored between 50 and 80?

82%

Which of the following types of test is designed to measure an individual's knowledge of a subject?

Achievement

Which of the following characterizes a behavioral approach to psychology?

A study of how reinforcement effects learning

John B. Watson is best known as the founder of

Behaviorism

Ivan Pavlov was most well known for which of the following?

Conditioning dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell

Most intelligence tests are normed such that the mean score is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. Therefore, the discovery of the Flynn effect leads one to conclude that

IQ tests should be renormed at periodic intervals

Martha is an undergraduate student who is interested in pursuing a career in psychology. She wants to use her knowledge of psychology to help employees become more productive in the workplace. Which field of psychology should Martha select in graduate school?

Industrial-organizational

Which of the following statements describes the Flynn effect?

Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the United States were higher in 2003 than in 1993.

Of the following topics, which would a cognitive psychologist be most likely to study?

Problem solving strategies

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?

Psychodynamic

Which of the following is always true of standardized tests?

They are supposed to be administered and scored in a consistent manner

Charles Spearman's concept of g is most accurately defined as

a single, underlying intellectual capacity measured by intelligence tests

A test that is labeled an achievement test is most likely to be given to

allow a student to be exempted from a college course

A test that measures a student's potential ability is

an aptitude test

A basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who

appear fertile

A test that is valid must

be reliable

Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?

behaviorist

The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual's mental ag and his or her

chronological age

Ivan Pavlov is best known for his research that involved pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of food Food naturally caused the dogs to salivate, and eventually the dogs salivated to the sound of the bell alone. Pavlov named this phenomenon

classical conditioning

Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist's view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?

cognitive

Which of the following types of intelligence is most clearly demonstrated by an individual's knowledge of facts?

crystallized intelligence

Of the following, a behavioral psychologist is most likely to study the

effects of token economies on establishing social skills among children with emotional disturbances

The component of intelligence described by Raymond Cattell as involving the ability to understand logical relationships, reason abstractly, and learn quickly is related to which of the following?

fluid intelligence

Cognitive theorists emphasize the

formation and modification of schemas

Which of the following perspectives argues that every person has the potential to become self-actualized?

humanistic

Average IQ scores have increased steadily over the past 100 years. It has been argued that this effect is most likely due to

increase in the average number of years in school

The type of intelligence that Howard Gardner described as individuals abilities to understand themselves and to be aware of their talents and limitations is

intrapersonal

A disadvantage of using Alfred Binet's concept of mental age in assessing intelligence is that

it is inappropriate for adults

In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain

perceptual organization

Alfred Binet's efforts to measure intelligence were directed at

predicting children's success in school

In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children's

problem solving strategies

The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives?

psychoanalytic

Which of the following perspectives suggests that depression is due to the unconscious conflicts and hostile feelings that originate in early childhood?

psychoanalytic

A test author most interested in ensuring that individuals receive similar scores on a personality test every time they take it is attempting to increase which of the following?

reliability

Henry took an intelligence test and scored lower than he thought he should. He kept retaking the test, but he kept getting about the same score each time. This series of events indicates that the test was

reliable

If students get approximately the same score on the second administration of a test as they did on the first, then thetest is

reliable

James takes an IQ test when he is in third grade and receives a score of 112. When he is tested again in sixth grade with an alternate version of the same test, his score is 114. The fact that the two scores are very similar most directly indicates that the IQ test is

reliable

The Flynn effect refers to the

rise in average IQ scores over time

Which of the following is most likely to be used as evidence against the concept of g?

savant syndrome

A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having

scored higher than 75% of the test takers

Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves

self-examination of mental processes

Barbara is a talented architect. On which type of intelligence will she most heavily rely to complete her next building design?

spatial

An evolutionary psychologist would explainthat humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and socialaffiliation due to a need for

survival

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study

the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving

Research on stereotype threat indicates that students might not do as well as they can on a test if

they are informed that people of their ethnicity, age, or gender usually do not perform well on the tests

Lewis Terman's studies of gifted children indicated that

they generally demonstrate above-average emotional stability and social satisfaction in adulthood