Psych Ch. 2

The ? of the cerebral cortex are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.

association areas

An example of the interaction of the nervous and endocrine systems can be seen in our response to danger. The ? orders the adrenal glands to release the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which act to provide a surge of energy.

autonomic nervous system

Gabby, a split-brain patient, is seated in front of a screen. As she focuses on the middle of the scree, the image of a fork is briefly flashed on the RIGHT side of the screen. Gabby will ?

be able to verbally name the object

After she suffered a brain injury, Marla had difficulty walking in a smooth, coordinated manner. It is likely that she suffered damage to her:

cerebellum

The threadlike structures that contain genes are called ?

chromosomes

External influences on development, such as social support, are said to constitute our ?

environment

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in speaking?

frontal

When two people grow up in very similar environments, ? becomes more important when looking for the source of their differences.

heredity

? raised apart have less similar personalities than identical twins raised together and more similar personalities than fraternal twins raised apart.

identical twins

In 1870, German physicians Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig used mild electrical stimulation in an animal's brain to make parts of the body move. When they stimulated the ? , the right side moved.

left motor cortex

The action potential is produced by the ?

movement of positive ions across the membrane of the axon

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ? of their adopted children.

personality traits

If Professor Thomas electrically stimulates the ? in a sleeping animal, the animal will immediately wake up and be alert.

reticular formation

Some researchers believe that addictive disorders, such as substance use disorders and binge eating, may stem from malfunctions in natural brain systems for pleasure and well-being. People genetically predisposed to this ? syndrome may crave whatever provides that missing pleasure or relieves negative feelings.

reward deficiency

A number of antidepressant medications work to increase this neurotransmitter since low levels of it are linked to depression.

serotonin

Stan's wife wakes him up from a peaceful slumber to tell him that she heard a noise. As he slowly gets up to investigate, his heart begins to race, his mouth gets dry, and he begins to sweat. Clearly, Stan's ? has been activated.

sympathetic nervous system

Larry was in an automobile accident in which he suffered serious head trauma. When he regained consciousness, he could not remember any new information and experiences that occurred since the accident. Larry likely had damage to which area of the limbic system?

the hippocampus

Vince really enjoys eating ice cream. The joy he receives from eating it comes from the dopamine reward center in which area of the brain (the area is located in front of the hypothalamus)?

the nucleus accumbens

This endocrine gland secretes many different hormones, some of which affect other glands.

the pituitary gland

Each cerebral hemisphere can be roughly divided into four pairs of lobes. Which lobes process auditory information?

the temporal lobes