PSYCH CH 6

When Claire was baking an apple pie, the odor of the pie triggered some memories of her childhood. She remembered playing with her younger brother in the living room while her mother baked apple pies. Her memory is an example of a(n) _____.

context-dependent memory

In short-term memory an image tends to fade after _____ if it is not repeated or rehearsed.

10 to 12 seconds

Which of the following is true about elaborative rehearsal?

It involves extending the semantic meaning of the letters that need to be remembered.

Which of the following is true about maintenance rehearsal?

It involves mentally repeating a list or saying the information to oneself.

Which of the following statements is true about long-term memory?

It is analogous to a biochemical "hard drive."

Which of the following is true about anterograde amnesia?

It is the failure to remember the events that occurred after a physical trauma.

Which of the following statements is true about retroactive interference?

It is the interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously.

Which of the following statements is true about explicit memory?

It is the memory of things that are clearly stated or explained.

Which of the following is true about the serial position effect?

It is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items on a list.

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to _____.

determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory

The term _________ in memory theory, means to cause information to be lost from short-term memory by adding new information.

displace

_________ is the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli.

echoic memory

At a painting exhibition, Martha had admired a painting that depicted a farm. Half an hour later, when she was having lunch with a friend, Martha was able to recall several details depicted in the painting. She remembered correctly the colors that were used, the animals that were drawn, and even the number of trees in the painting. Martha's ability to remember these details would be known as _____.

eidetic imagery

_________ is the maintenance of detailed visual memories over several minutes.

eidetic imagery

Abe and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Abe her telephone number at a party, but Abe is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Linda. Abe and Rose have different _____ of the event.

episodic memories

_________ is the inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of three or so.

infantile amnesia

A(n) _________ is an assumed change in the nervous system that reflects the impression made by a stimulus.

memory trace

Once we have learned the multiplication tables, the recall of six times six is relatively automatic due to _____.

priming

_________ is the activation of specific associations in memory, often as a result of repetition and without making a conscious effort to access the memory.

priming

Jonah loves learning new languages. In high-school, he learned French and in college, he learned Italian. Sometimes, when he has a problem remembering Italian words, French words come to mind instead. This is an example of _____.

proactive interference

_________ is the memory to perform an act in the future, as at a certain time or when a certain event occurs.

prospective memory

Stephen was recently involved in a car accident due to which he was critically injured. He is unable to recall the events that led to the accident. Stephen is suffering from _____.

retrogade amnesia

_________ is the failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma.

retrogade amnesia

_________ are nonsense syllables presented in pairs in experiments that measure recall.

​Paired associates

_________ of stored information means locating it and returning it to consciousness.

​Retrieval

To remember the names of all the countries in Asia, Jennifer is mentally repeating all the country names several times. This scenario illustrates _____.

​maintenance rehearsal

In Freud's psychodynamic theory, _________ is the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness.

​repression

A(n) _________ is a way of mentally representing the world, such as a belief or an expectation, which can influence perception of persons, objects, and situations.

​schema

General knowledge is referred to as _________.

​semantic memory

If the __________ is damaged, a person can form visual memories but not verbal memories.

​thalamus

Caleb had read in the newspaper that a popular corporation had appointed a new CEO. When he was talking about this to a friend, Caleb could only remember the first letter and the last letter of the new CEO's name. This illustrates _____.

​the serial-position effect

The ----_____ is the feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved.

​tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon