Psych.-Ch.11 Study Guide

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

Sigmund Freud

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial Development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?

integrity vs. despair

Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an) ________.

introvert

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless,disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.

anal

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

balance between extroversion and introversion

Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems.According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively.

become neurotic strategies

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive.Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection andreassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using?

moving toward people

In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life.

the self-realization process

Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________.

extrovert

In the ________ stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).

genital

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

high self-efficacy

The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally Relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to AfricanAmerican culture.

Contemporized-Themes

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research suggests that There are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult Personality: interactivity and self-regulation.

The word "interactivity" should be changed to the word "reactivity."

Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his Psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________.

an external locus of control

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well becauseshe takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________.

beliefs and expectations

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

giving them unconditional love

As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the Pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment.

humanism

During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?

latency

Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working aretail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________.

low self-efficacy

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and Behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using?

moving against people

When Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as A private hideaway. What coping strategy is Fay using?

moving away from people

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development?

climate of sexual repression