Psych Chap 1-3
What role does the somatic nervous system play?
It transmits messages about sights, sounds, smells, and so on, to the central nervous system.
__________are specialized cells of the nervous system that receive and transmit messages.
Neurons
Which of the following represents an interaction of one's nature and nurture?
Phenotype
__________is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Psychology
_____ was a founder of the school of functionalism.
William James
Gender
_____ refers to the culturally defined concepts of masculinity and femininity.
The axon bundle that transmits neural impulses from the organ of Corti to the brain is known as the__________.
auditory nerve
Psychologists with a__________perspective are most likely to focus on the evolution of behavior.
biological
The oval window transmits vibrations into the inner ear, the bony tube called the__________.
cochlea
A number of people with severe cases of epilepsy have split-brain operations in which much of__________is severed.
he corpus callosum
The _____ perspective is grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
humanistic-existential
Wilhelm Wundt used__________to try to discover the basic elements of experience.
introspection
Emily suffers from insomnia. When she went to see a doctor, she was told that her sleeplessness was caused by the deficiency of a particular hormone. The doctor then gave her sleeping pills containing the deficient hormone. Emily has _____ deficiency.
melatonin
The__________minimizes leakage of the electrical current being carried along the axon, thereby allowing messages to be conducted more efficiently.
myelin sheath
Which of the following is true of behaviorism?
Behaviorists define psychology as the scientific study of behavior, not of behavior and mental processes.
Which of the following statements is true of handedness?
Being left-handed was once seen as a deficiency.
The two main divisions of the central nervous system.
Brain and Spinal Cord
The__________lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the "master gland."
pituitary gland
Some researchers consider the__________to be the "executive center" of the brain, where decisions are made to keep information in working memory and to solve problems.
prefrontal cortex
The pineal gland secretes ______.
prolactin.
Sean believes that many of our unconscious ideas and impulses stem from our childhood conflicts. Based on his beliefs, it can be said that Sean is a _____.
psychoanalyst
Each kind of neurotransmitter has a unique chemical structure, and each can fit into a specifically tailored harbor, or__________, on the cell receiving a message.
receptor site
Amy accidentally hit her elbow against the edge of a wall. Amy's mother rushed to her and rubbed the affected elbow. Amy's pain subsided. Which theory would best explain this incident?
The gate theory
Which of the following theories proposed that there are three types of color receptors, but they are not sensitive only to red, green, and blue?
The opponent-process theory
Which of the following statements is true of the absolute threshold?
It is determined by exposing individuals to progressively stronger stimuli until the minimum stimuli the person can detect is found.
_____ is part of the maturation process that leads to a child's ability to crawl and walk during the first year.
Myelination
According to the biological perspective of psychology,__________interact with inherited factors to determine specific behavior and mental processes.
environmental factors
The perception of objects or events through means other than the recognized sensory organs is termed__________.
extrasensory perception
A neuron relays its message to another neuron across a junction called a__________.
synapse
The pain message is relayed from the spinal cord to the__________and then projected to the cerebral cortex, making us aware of the location and intensity of the damage.
thalamus
B. F. Skinner proposed:
that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a positive outcome.
Monozygotic twins share _____ of their genes.
100 percent
Which of the following is an important factor emphasized by the sociocultural perspective in understanding behavior and mental processes?
Gender
__________remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system.
Glial cells
Which of the following is a drawback of case studies?
Interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations.
Which of the following is the function of the iris?
Regulating the amount of light that enters the eye
__________is the school of psychology that argues that the mind consists of three basic elements- sensations, feelings, and images-that combine to form experience.
Structuralism
__________is the sense of equilibrium that informs us about our bodies' positions relative to gravity.
The vestibular sense
Which of the following statements is true of hormones?
They are secreted directly into the bloodstream.
Which of the following statements is true of rod cells in the retina of the eye?
They are sensitive only to the intensity of light.
Erik Erikson focused more on n.
conscious choice and self-direction and less on unconscious processes
An association among variables is known as__________.
correlation
The _____ is a thin membrane inside the ear that vibrates in response to sound waves.
eardrum
The _____ considers the psychological factors that influence people and their sense of perception.
signal-detection theory
Researchers historically agreed on four primary taste qualities:
sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.
Psychologists with a__________perspective are most likely to investigate the ways we perceive and mentally represent the world, how we learn, remember the past, plan for the future, solve problems, form judgments, make decisions, and use language.
cognitive
Which of the following senses is dominant in human beings?
Vision
The _____ is the body's system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream.
endocrine system
Famous neoanalysts such as Karen Horney and Erik Erikson differ from earlier psychodynamic practitioners in that they:
focused less on unconscious processes and more on conscious choice and self-direction.
Structuralists tended to ask, "What are the pieces that make up thinking and experience?" In contrast,__________tended to ask, "How do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the requirements of their lives?"
functionalists
The organ of Corti is
not a membrane that lies coiled within the cochlea.
The _____ is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore the body's reserves of energy.
parasympathetic division
The hearing or auditory area of the cortex lies in the _____ lobe along the lateral fissure of the cerebral cortex.
temporal
Axons end in small, bulb-shaped structures called _____.
terminal buttons
Studies show that__________is connected with aggressive behavior in monkeys, cats, and other animals.
the amygdala
Dizygotic twins are formed
when a zygote divides into two cells that share the same genetic code.
Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. She appears to understand what others tell her, but her responses are slow and laborious. Her sentences are always incomplete, with important grammatical words missing. Which of the following conditions best reflects Phoebe's case?
Broca's aphasia
Which of the following causes Down syndrome?
The correct answer is: The presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair
Which of the following is a defining feature of psychoanalysis?
The emphasis on unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts
Which of the following statements is true of the signal-detection theory?
The intensity of a signal is one factor that determines whether people will perceive sensory stimuli or a difference between signals.
Which of the following is a new basic taste that was recently added to the primary taste qualities?
Umami