psych chapter 11
which of the following summarizes the evolutionary psychology explanation of altruistic behavior?
altruism is more likely to occur among family members, so helping a relative also means promoting the survival of the family genes.
in the field of social psychology, the term blank describes an opinion or perspective that someone has towards a person, behavior , a belief ot a concept
attitude
blank are evaluations of people behaviors, beliefs, and concepts
attitudes
blank theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individuals behavior, that the specific causes of that persons behavior are
attribution
blank theory seek to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individuals behavior, what the specific causes of that persons behavior are.
attributions
which of the following personality traits are associated with aggression?
callousness low levels of agreeableness coldness toward other low levels of conscientiousness
the expectation of reciprocity blank
can encourage altruism
heuristics are cognitive shortcuts that enable us to make blank rapidly
choices
what is the term for the conflict that occurs when a person hold two contradictory attitudes
cognitive dissonance
blank cultures value the group; therefore, they have been associated with greater levels of conformity.
collectivistic
social blank is the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughs, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people.
comparison
social blank is the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people.
comparison
in aschs famous research study, participants agreed with people making an incorrect choice in line length judgement task. the study in a classic study of blank
conformity
we will adhere to the rules and norms of society to some degree. the fact that we attend work or school clothes, rather than nude, is an example of blank
conformity
social blank is when an individuals performance improves in the presence of others.
facilitation
True or false: in a study on physical attractiveness, researchers found that participants rated individual faces as more attractive than face than faces that were created by averaging up to 32 other faces.
false
true or false: in a study on physical attractiveness, researchers found that participants rated individual faces as more attractive than faces that were created by averaging up to 32 other faces.
false
one theory of aggression suggest that blank ( the reaction to the thwarting or blocking of goals) produces anger, leading to a readiness to display blank.
frustration aggression
what does the frustration aggression hypothesis state?
frustration always leads to aggression
the blank attribution error is the tendency to explain the behavior of others in terms of their personalities rather than aspects of the situation
fundamental
the tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external situations when they seek explanations is referred to as blank
fundamental attribution error
when people tend to explain behavior in terms of personalities, rather than the situation, this refers to which of the following?
fundamental attribution error
the genetic basis for aggression states that blank are important in understanding the biological basis of aggression
genes
altruism is which of the following?
giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself
helping others consistently leads to increased blank mood
good
blank is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.
groupthink
which of the following are not associated with aggression
high levels of introversions
blank cultures value personal accomplishments and emphasize uniqueness, and have been associated with lower levels of conformity
individualistic
blank cultures value personal accomplishments and emphasize uniqueness, and have been associated with lower levels of conformity.
individualistic
the influence other people have on us because we want to be correct is referred to as
informational social influence
how long did it take participants in one research study to form an impression of an unfamiliar face?
less than a second
which of the following has been linked to aggressive behavior?
lower levels of serotonin
the famous study examining obedience to an experimenter, conducted by blank raised serious ethical concerns and would be unlikely to be approved under todays ethical guidelines
milgrams
when considering the factors of attraction identified in the text, there is physical closeness, otherwise known as blank. There is also acquaintance, and blank
proximity similarity
a confederate is blank
purposely placed in a study by the experimenter in order to manipulate the situation the participants must engage in
blank Is a key aspect of altruistic behavior
reciprocity
blank is a key aspect of altruistic behavior
reciprocity
social loafing occurs when an individual exerts less effort in a group because of the blank accountability for individual effort
reduced
blank refers to activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors
relational aggression
blank love is also called passionate love and has strong components of sexuality and infatuation
romantic
what is the term for expectations about a future event or behavior that act to increase the likelihood that the event or behavior will occur?
self fulfilling prophecies
if people think that members of a specific group lack lack ambition, they may treat them in a way that actually brings about a lack of ambition. What does this illustrate?
self fulfilling prophecy
lower levels of the neurotransmitters blank have been linked to aggressive behavior
serotonin
high levels of the neurotransmitter blank are associated with prosocial behavior
serotonine
several factors that contribute to attraction are noted in the text, including which of the following?
similarity proximity acquaintance
the blank learning approach to aggression emphasizes that social and environmental conditions can teach individuals to be aggressive.
social
when someone is asked to identify themselves and they answer with the religious or ethnic group affiliations, this is stating their blank identity
social
blank blank is the area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information
social cognition
a blank is a generalization about a groups characteristics that does not consider any differences
stereotype
blank threat is ones fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about his or her group
stereotype
pams new friend is a librarian, so pam assumes that she is intellectual, politically liberal, shy , not very social, and probably a vegetarian. What does pams thinking on this describe?
stereotyping
the hormones related to aggression is which of the following? estrogen progesterone oxytocin testosterone
testosterone
person perception is which of the following
the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others
person perception is which of the following?
the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others
attribution theory is which of the following?
the view that people are motivated to discover ther underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as other
social cognition is which of the following?
the way in which individuals think in social situations
a person who experiences stereotype blank is well aware of stereotypical expectations for him or her as a member of a group
threat
true or false: kitty genoveses murder inspired research on peoples likelihood of helping a person in distress.
true
when are attitudes more likely to guide behaviors?
when a person is very aware of his or her own attitudes when a person has strongest attitudes when a person rehearses and practices his or her strong attitudes
which of the following is a circumstance in which researchers would not expect attitudes to guide behavior?
when the persons attitude changed recently
aggression is social behavior blank
whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally
based on the results of research in psychology, which of the following individuals is the least likely to express aggression in the situation?
Samantha had to sit in an air conditioned waiting room for 20 minutes.
in megrims classic obedience study, what percentage of participants eventually used the highest setting on the shocking generator 450 volts to shock the learner
65 percent
which of the following is an example of the fundamental attribution error?
Antonio almost hit you with his car in the parking lot because hes a jerk, not because he couldn't see around a blind corner.
Mary is getting ready for work. which is the least likely circumstance to result in her behaving aggressively toward her colleagues and customers?
Mary has her
blank involves trying to change someones attitudes and/or behavior
PERSUASION
what is the definition of conformity?
a pbehavior brought about by following the standards of others
which of the following faces did participants rate as most attractive?
faces that were an "average" (composite) of several other faces
the limbic system and the frontal lobes are the brain structures related to which of the following?
aggression
blank is giving aid to another person with the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, even if it cost to oneself
altruism
researcher who take a blank viewpoint examine the influence of genetics and neurobiological factors on aggression
biological or psychological
blank occurs when being part of a group reduces personal identity and erodes a sense of personal responsibility.
deindividuation
the term blank is used to describe a process that occurs when being part of a group reduces personal identity and erodes the sense of personal responsibility. One explanation for this is that being a group member give us anonymity
deindividuation
cognitive blank is the conflict that occurs when a person holds two conteadictory attitudes or thoughts
dissonance
cognitive blank is the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts
dissonance
blank involves giving to another person to ensure reciprocity, to gain self esteem, or to present oneself as powerful or caring.
egoism
blank can produce altruistic behavior even toward members of rival groups
empathy
what is a key emotion in altruistic and happens when we feel a oneness with the emotional state of another?
empathy
which of the following best describes social exchanges theory?
equity in a relationship
the blank perspective pf reciprocity is to secure the survival of the family genes, even if the helper individual isn't actually family
evolution
aggression, like other social behaviors, has blank determinants
multiple
blank social influence is the influence that other people have on us because we want them to like and approve of us
normative
blank social influence is the influence that other people have on us because we want then to like and approve of us.
normative
miko has just transferred to a new high school and starts to dress and act like the popular students there because she wants them to like her this is an example of blank social influence
normative
the influence other people have on us because we want them to like us is
normative social influence
the influence other people have on us because we want them to like us is blank
normative social influence
what is the social psychological term for a change in behavior in response to the commands of others?
obedience
which approach to aggression emphasizes the environmental conditions that teach individuals to be aggressive?
observational learning
hitting punching and kicking are examples of blank aggression
overt
blank refers to directly physically or verbally harming another person.
overt aggression
which of the following neurotransmitters and neurohormones are associated with prosocial behaviors select all that apply oxytocin serotonin gaba dopamine norepinephrine
oxytocin serotonin dopamine
when we feel compassion for another persons suffering, areas of the midbrain associated with the perception of blank are activated
pain
what type of love is a state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal?
passionate
blank blank refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others.
person perception
what would a social psychologist be most likely to study?
personal attitudes and the perception of others