Psych chapter 15
Why is a systems approach important in family therapy?
A systems approach is important in family therapy because all of the members of the family are interconnected with each other; if one person experiences a psychological disorder and gets treatment, then everyone is affected.
Zorana is a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Her treatment plan involves a therapeutic approach based on the principles of operant conditioning. What is this approach called? A) behavior therapy B) humanistic therapy C) cognitive restructuring D) electroconvulsive therapy
A) behavior therapy
Samantha, a 14-year-old, seeks help for depression. Her doctor reviews the literature on treating adolescent depression and concludes that taking Prozac, an SSRI antidepressant medication, will likely be ______ in treatingSamantha'ssymptoms.Healsoconcludesthat cognitive-behavioraltherapymay______theimpactof her drug treatment. A) effective;increase B) effective;decrease C) ineffective;increase D) ineffective;decrease
A) effective;increase
What is the most successful treatment for autism spectrum disorder, and what is the major drawback of that treatment?
Applied behavior analysis is the most successful treatment, especially when combined with symbolic play or joint attention, but it requires great commitment from the client and the client's family because it is very intensive and takes years.
Because people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have recurring intrusive thoughts and feel compelled to perform anxiety-reducing actions, the most commonly used treatment for OCD is A) cognitive therapy. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) exposure. D) psychotropic medication.
B
Denise is a teenager taking a psychotropic medication that reduces negative behaviors such as interrupting. Denise has most likely been prescribed a(n) A) antipsychotic. B) stimulant. C) antidepressant. D) anti-anxiety drug.
B
Garrett's family is worried about his behavior. He no longer displays affection toward them, refuses to bathe, and thinks that his neighbor's dog is sending him coded messages in his cereal. Garrett's family takes him to a mental health practitioner, who is most likely to treat him with A) cognitive therapy. B) antipsychotic medication. C) lithium. D) phototherapy.
B
The treatment for depression that works by creating a seizure in the brain using an electrical current is called A) deep brain stimulation. B) electroconvulsive therapy. C) transcranial magnetic stimulation. D) phototherapy.
B
When comparing treatments of depression, Dr. Crowning sees that cognitive-behavioral therapy A) is less effective than drugs. B) is just as effective as drugs. C) does not have an effect above and beyond that of drugs. D) is better suited for other types of psychological disorders.
B
When treating anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, anti-anxiety drugs A) are effective and the treatment of choice for many therapists. B) work in the short term, but symptoms return when the drugs are no longer taken. C) have more negative side effects than other classes of psychotropic medication. D) are not effective because anxiety disorders are more cognitive than biological.
B
When treating bipolar disorders, the drug lithium A) has side effects that intensify over time. B) is more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) shows a reduction in side effects over time. D) is less effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy.
B
The last time Ryan experienced a manic phase, he proposed marriage to four women in one day, maxed out all his credit cards, and quit his job. Ryan's psychiatrist will most likely prescribe a(n) ______ to control his symptoms. A) an antidepressant drug B) antipsychotic drug C) stimulant drug D) anti-anxiety drug
B) antipsychotic drug
Dallas believes that he will never be successful or likable enough. His friends tell him that he is too hard on himself, but he persists in the belief that he will never live up to his own high standards. Because he needs to exchange his negative and unrealistic beliefs about himself for more realistic ones, Dallas would most likely benefit from treatment that includes A) a systems approach. B) cognitive restructuring. C) psychoanalysis. D) unconditional positive regard.
B) cognitive restructuring.
Dr.Eliseo is a modern psychologist. Sometimes he has clients with psychological disorders who do not respond to therapy or typical psychotropic medications. In these extreme cases, he uses alternative treatments, which are likely to include all of the following EXCEPT A) transcranial magnetic stimulation. B) lobotomy. C) deep brain stimulation. D) electroconvulsive therapy.
B) lobotomy.
Cindy has come to Dr. Lindstrom for assistance with border line personality disorder. Which of the following treatment approaches is least likely to be part of a successful treatment using dialectical behavior therapy? A) discussing childhood abuse B) prescribing mood stabilizer drugs C) using mindfulness meditation D) working to develop self-respect
B) prescribing mood stabilizer drugs
Walter has a phobia of elevators. He goes to a psychotherapist, who helps treat the condition by gradually exposing Walter to stimuli that are related to elevators while having him learn to relax. Eventually Walter will be taken to an elevator and encouraged to get on and ride it. What procedure is the psychotherapist using to reduce Walter's phobia? A) exposure and response prevention B) systematic desensitization C) cognitive restructuring D) flooding
B) systematic desensitization
Dr. Ellway uses therapy to explain how his client's thoughts are flawed and then demonstrates how the client could have more positive thoughts. Dr. Ellway is most likely a __________ therapist using __________. A) cognitive; active listening B) humanistic; active listening C) cognitive; rational-emotive therapy D) humanistic; rational-emotive therapy
C
Eric is terrified of cows. In his first session with a therapist, Eric is instructed in some deep-breathing exercises to create a calm state. Then, the therapist prompts Eric to visualize a mildly fear-provoking situation involving driving past a field of cows. Eric's therapist is using A) exposure. B) exposure and response prevention. C) systematic desensitization. D) modeling.
C
Of the following people, who would have the best prognosis of recovering from schizophrenia? A) Reinhard, a male who lives in Germany and who developed the disorder as a child B) Jalisa, who is from the United States and developed the disorder as a child C) Safia, who lives in Egypt and developed the disorder later in life D) Raymond, who lives in the United States and developed the disorder later in life
C
Parker, a clinical psychologist, will have the most difficult time treating which of the following clients? A) Cheyenne, who feels very sad and cannot get out of bed most mornings B) Effie, who is afraid of car accidents so she cannot start her car without kissing her keys exactly four times C) Dante, who is good at lying and cheating other people for his own benefit without regard for their feelings D) George, who is so terrified of social events that he cannot attend his children's birthday parties
C
Theresa is experiencing a depressive episode and undergoes cognitive therapy to treat her symptoms. If she were in therapy with Aaron Beck, she would most likely be asked to challenge her negative thoughts about A) herself and her unconscious needs and motives. B) her upbringing and her past relationships. C) herself, her situation, and the future. D) her skills and how to fulfill her potential for growth.
C
In his practice, Dr. Howard uses the idea that because actions are learned, they can also be unlearned through classical and operant conditioning. Dr. Howard is most likely a __________ therapist. A) cognitive B) humanistic C) behavior D) psychodynamic
C) behavior
Shoshanna works with a therapist who provides support while also improving her social skills in a cost-effective manner. Shoshanna is most likely receiving __________ therapy. A) psychodynamic B) humanistic C) family D) group
D) group
7. Why is exposure therapy a part of treatment for anxiety disorders?
Exposure to a feared object in a safe environment helps the person extinguish a learned fear that is associated with that object.
How can a person know whether a psychological treatment for a disorder is effective?
If a treatment for a psychological disorder is effective, then there should be research on the treatment showing that it works.
What two classes of psychotropic drugs are best for treatment of the elevated moods seen in bipolar disorders?
The two classes of psychotropic drugs that are best for treatment of the elevated moods seen in bipolar disorders are mood stabilizer drugs (such as lithium) and antipsychotics (such as Seroquel).
The last stage of dialectical behavior therapy is __________,and this stage is important because __________. A) identifying the traumatic experiences; these experiences caused the emotional problems B) helping the client develop as an independent, self-respecting person; it reduces the client's problematic dependence on others C) replacing dysfunctional behaviors with adaptive ones; the underlying cause of the disorder is classical and operant conditioning D) dealing with the self-harming behaviors; it increases the client's self-esteem
B
According to the initial and follow-up studies in TADs, were drugs or CBT most effective in treating adolescent depression?
Both were equally effective over the long term.
Can all treatment providers prescribe psychotropic medications?
In most places, only psychiatrists can prescribe psychotropic medications.
Why is insight important in psychodynamic and humanistic therapy?
In psychodynamic therapy, insight makes people aware of their unconscious conflicts so that they can resolve them. In humanistic therapy, insight helps people see how they can fulfill their potential for growth and become the best person they can be.
A cognitive-behavior therapist is LEAST likely to be successful in helping which of the following clients? A) Jan, who believes that she is being followed by people from another planet B) Jordan, who is very anxious about his family being safe in their home and repeatedly checks the locks C) Jouma, who is afraid that people will think badly of her and consequently avoids going to social events D) Jenkins, who is depressed because he believes he is worthless and who sleeps up to 15 hours every day
A
A friend reports that he will be using a fear hierarchy in his next therapy session. He is most likely A) making a list of fearful situations in ascending order. B) intentionally exposing himself to his greatest fear all at once. C) learning how to relax gradually when exposed to a fearful stimulus. D) encouraging others to face their biggest fears.
A
Alberto has antisocial personality disorder, and in addition to therapeutic sessions, his doctor would like to prescribe a psychotropic medication to treat his symptoms. The doctor may have some small success with all of the following EXCEPT A) atypical antipsychotics. B) stimulants. C) anti-anxiety drugs. D) lithium.
A
Brandon, a 6-year-old, was diagnosed with autism at age two. Since then, he has been receiving a treatment called applied behavioral analysis. After four years of receiving applied behavioral analysis, which of the following outcomes is most likely for Brandon? A) He will have a higher IQ than before he started. B) He will have excellent social relationships with family and friends. C) He required intensive treatment at first, but after one year, his time in therapy will be reduced. D) He required behavioral treatment as well as a supplemental therapy, such as group therapy, to increase his social skills.
A
Constanza just entered therapy for an eating disorder. She is starting to recognize how her role in the family affects her family members' treatment of her. She has started to change some of her behaviors; for example, she now stands up for herself when someone criticizes her. Accordingly, her parents are starting to treat her with more respect. The positive changes in the family's interactions make sense if you look at the problem based on a(n) A) systems approach. B) rational-emotive perspective. C) unconditional positive regard approach. D) group perspective.
A
Currently, the most effective treatment of borderline personality disorder includes A) therapy that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques with a mindfulness approach. B) behavioral modification through the use of modeling appropriate relationships. C) prescription of antipsychotic medications. D) controlled operant procedures that help by rewarding adaptive behaviors.
A
Deepa is very shy in public and finds it almost impossible to talk to people she does not know. Others think she is standoffish, but actually, she is afraid that people will criticize her, so she avoids interacting with them. If Deepa chooses to go to psychotherapy to overcome this problem, the therapist who would seem least threatening to her is most likely a A) client-centered therapist. B) rational-emotive therapist. C) psychoanalyst. D) cognitive-behavioral therapist.
A
Disorders of emotion can sometimes be treated by a medication that works by increasing the levels of serotonin and other neurotransmitters in the brain. Such drugs are called A) antidepressants. B) antipsychotics. C) mood stabilizers. D) stimulants.
A
Dr.Aruna has several clients who suffer from anxiety symptoms, and he is interested in finding a treatment plan that will be effective in the long term and have the fewest side effects. Dr. Aruna should try A) cognitive-behavioral therapy only. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy and an antidepressant. C) humanistic therapy and a stimulant. D) an anti-anxiety drug only.
A
Dr.Carmine has a client with obsessive-compulsive disorder. He knows that if he can show his client that nothing bad will happen to her when she is exposed to a fear-inducing trigger, the conditioned association between her anxiety and the stimulus will be broken. To do this, he exposes her to a fearful stimulus and will not allow her to engage in compulsions.Dr.Carmine is using __________ to treat his client. A) exposure and response prevention B) exposure C) systematic desensitization D) a placebo
A
Electroconvulsive therapy may be a better treatment option than drugs for clients who A) are pregnant. B) are mildly depressed. C) also have an anxiety disorder. D) are over age 60.
A
Geneva has been trying to find a medication to help her with her social phobia. So far, no anti-anxiety medications have been helping with her symptoms. Because she is concerned that another mental disorder is occurring in addition to Geneva's phobia, her doctor may also try to treat her with A) antidepressants. B) mood stabilizers. C) stimulants. D) antipsychotics.
A
Janice wants to overcome her fear of snakes. One therapist says she should get over it all at once, and he suggests visiting a pet store and holding a live snake until she no longer feels anxious. A second therapist suggests that she visualize a variety of different snakes while trying to remain relaxed.To treat Janice's phobia,the first therapist is suggesting __________,whereas the second therapist is proposing __________. A) exposure; systematic desensitization B) systematic desensitization; exposure C) modeling; exposure and response prevention D) exposure and response prevention; modeling
A
Jered is suicidal. He has been seriously depressed for about a year and is saying that he wants to "end it all." He has not responded to typical therapies. His psychiatrist believes it is critical to try something that will work as effectively and as quickly as possible. His psychiatrist will probably recommend A) electroconvulsive therapy. B) lithium. C) a combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lithium. D) antidepressants and antipsychotics.
A
Johnny's therapist has asked him to write down every instance of a negative thought and to challenge each of these thoughts so they become less automatic. For example, Johnny can attempt to gather evidence for his negative beliefs (which he probably will not find), or he can try to view the same situation from a neutral or positive point of view. The therapist who is treating Johnny is most like A) Aaron Beck. B) Carl Rogers. C) Sigmund Freud. D) Marsha Linehan.
A
Kathleen has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and is seeing a therapist who is focused on reducing her radical behaviors, discussing her past traumatic experiences, and helping her to develop a sense of independence and self-respect. Kathleen's therapist is most likely using A) dialectical behavior therapy. B) operant procedures. C) psychotropic therapy. D) phototherapy.
A
Malik, a child in intensive applied behavior analysis treatment for autism, has improved in a number of ways after four years with this treatment. All of the following factors influenced Malik's relatively positive prognosis EXCEPT A) the marked cognitive deficiencies he experiences. B) starting treatment before his second birthday. C) having good language skills when beginning treatment. D) being diagnosed with autism by his first birthday.
A
More antidepressants have been prescribed to adolescents in recent decades while the adolescent suicide rate has gone down. This fact provides evidence that A) there is a correlation between antidepressant use in adolescents and lower suicide rates. B) antidepressants directly reduce suicide risk. C) antidepressants are the treatment of choice for adolescent depression. D) other forms of therapy are not as effective as antidepressants, at least for adolescents.
A
On which of the following clients would lithium alone have the most clear and beneficial effect? A) Larry, who has extreme bouts of mania and mild depression B) Lauren, who has extreme bouts of depression and mild mania C) Leighton, who has mild bouts of depression and mania D) Layla, who has extreme bouts of depression and mania
A
Ramon has been diagnosed with panic attacks and has been prescribed an anti-anxiety drug to help relieve his symptoms. He has most likely been prescribed __________ ,and he may experience __________ as a side effect. A) Valium; drowsiness B) Prozac; nausea C) lithium; diminished happiness D) Thorazine; seizures
A
Rebecca notices that as winter approaches and the days get shorter, colder, and less sunny, she feels increasingly sad and down. Rebecca's friend suggests that she try a treatment in which she sits by a high-intensity light source for a short period of time each day. Rebecca's friend is suggesting that she try A) phototherapy. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) behavioral therapy. D) a mood stabilizer.
A
Simone is a practitioner who teaches clients to relax as they are progressively exposed to a feared stimulus or situation without being able to act in any way to reduce their fear.Simone is using __________,a technique used in __________ therapy. A) exposure and response prevention; cognitive-behavioral B) exposure and response prevention; cognitive C) exposure; cognitive-behavioral D) exposure; cognitive
A
Tad needs to seek mental health care because he is experiencing intense anxiety. Which of the following providers is LEAST qualified to provide direct treatment to Tad? A) psychiatric social worker B) counseling psychologist C) psychiatrist D) clinical psychologist
A
When using systematic desensitization, many practitioners now believe that the most important component of alleviating an anxious or fearful response is A) exposure to the feared stimulus. B) the relaxation techniques. C) the client-therapist relationship. D) the type of anxiety being treated.
A
Which of the following students is LEAST likely to show improvements in their attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms after six months of treatment? A) Navid, who has been attending cognitive therapy sessions B) Colbert, who has been prescribed Ritalin C) Imogen, who has been prescribed a stimulant D) Lucia, who has been attending behavioral therapy sessions
A
Your child is being treated with a psychotropic medication for a mental health disorder. She is eating less and experiencing sleep problems, slowed growth, and body twitches.Your child most likely is being treated with __________ for __________. A) Ritalin; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder B) Ritalin; depression C) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder D) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; depression
A
Assiyah, a therapy client, believes she is an unattractive person and thus stays home alone all the time. Her therapist told her, "Go to three social gatherings in the next two weeks. At each event, ask one man out on a date." Assiyah does this, and each man agrees to go on a date with her. She now goes to more social events and believes that she is attractive. Her therapist has successfully used __________ with Assiyah. A) cognitive-behavioral therapy B) behavior therapy C) psychoanalysis D) client-centered therapy
A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
Most evidence from the research literature has found that ________ works best to treat nearly all disorders that include anxious thoughts. A) cognitive-behavioral therapy B) short-term dynamic psychotherapy C) psychoanalysis D) humanistic Gestalt therapy
A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
Lena has been diagnosed with panic disorder. One of her greatest fears is that she'll faint during a panic attack. Her therapist decides to use cognitive restructuring to help reduce her fear of fainting. To be effective, the therapist would need to help Lena A) determine the percentage of times she actually faints during panic attacks. B) determine specific actions she can take to avoid fainting. C) explore the unconscious forces that may underlie her fear. D) identify the biological basis of her fear.
A) determine the percentage of times she actually faints during panic attacks.
Ty needs help healing his relationships with his children and understanding his parenting role as part of a larger context. Ty would most likely benefit from __________ therapy. A) family B) group C) behavior D) cognitive
A) family
Hugh, a 35-year-old man, has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. His doctor is concerned that Hugh's prognosis is poor because people with antisocial personality disorder ______. A) have a lack of empathy that makes it difficult to develop a therapeutic relationship B) have symptoms thatgetworseafterage40 C) respond only to extreme measures, such as a type of psychosurgery called lobotomy D) are not able to learn positive behaviors through operant procedures
A) have a lack of empathy that makes it difficult to develop a therapeutic relationship
Ron is just starting a career as a psychotherapist. What is most important for him to focus on if he wants to make sure he can help his clients? A) the relationship between himself and his client B) the amount of training and expertise he has C) creating a comfortable clinical setting D) treating clients the same age as himself
A) the relationship between himself and his client
Eleanor has been diagnosed with depression and is receiving psychotherapy as her only type of treatment. During psychotherapy, Eleanor may experience all of the following EXCEPT A) transcranial magnetic stimulation. B) active listening. C) cognitive restructuring. D) operant conditioning.
A) transcranial magnetic stimulation.
What is the main difference between ECT and TMS?
Although both forms of these biological treatments disrupt brain activity, ECT uses electrical currents, whereas TMS uses a strong magnetic field.
A drug representative has to explain to doctors how Prozac affects adolescent depression. What is the most accurate statement the drug representative could make? A) Prozac increases suicidal thinking and may increase risk of suicide, but so do other treatments. B) Prozac may increase suicidal thinking, but suicide rates have actually decreased since selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as Prozac, have been introduced. C) Prozac does not increase suicidal thinking or suicide risk, although there are a number of other side effects that are specific to adolescents. D) Prozac does not increase suicidal thinking or suicide risk, and it can be recommended as the most effective treatment available for adolescent depression.
B
Based on the evidence provided in your textbook regarding the behavioral effects of Ritalin therapy, which of the following outcomes is most likely in a group of 12-year-old boys taking the drug for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A) Some boys will experience very serious side effects, such as depression. B) Many boys will perform better academically and socially. C) Most boys will show an increase in negative behaviors and no change in positive behaviors. D) Most boys will show an increase in attentive and productive behaviors, but they will remain somewhat loud and disruptive.
B
Brendon believes that he is worthless, other people do not like him, and he will never have satisfying interpersonal relationships. To counteract this belief, Brendon's therapist says to him, "Brendon, I like and appreciate you. I enjoy interacting with you. What do you think of that?" Soon, Brendon starts to think differently about himself. The therapist is using A) behavioral modification. B) cognitive restructuring. C) free association. D) active listening.
B
Counseling psychologists typically differ from clinical psychologists in that they A) cannot prescribe drugs. B) are less likely to work with someone who has a serious psychological disorder. C) have an advanced degree in clinical psychology. D) provide psychotherapy treatment to clients.
B
Dr.Johnson asks Sam, "How have you gotten your way in the past?" Sam says, "By intimidating and bullying people." Dr.Johnson continues, "And what consequences have resulted from your behavior?" Sam says, "I have been in jail for 12 of the past 13 years." Dr.Johnson asks, "What did you actually accomplish by bullying others?" Sam responds, "I got jail time." Sam will have the best prognosis for his personality disorder if he is treated with __________ therapy. A) psychodynamic B) behavioral C) dialectical behavior D) cognitive
B
Giving a depressed client a placebo instead of an active drug A) has no impact on a client's depressive symptoms. B) alleviates symptoms in approximately 30 percent of clients. C) causes clients to say they feel better even when they do not. D) alleviates some depressive symptoms by affecting brain functioning.
B
James has schizophrenia, and his major symptoms are hallucinations and disordered speech. James may be treated with all of the following EXCEPT A) conventional antipsychotics. B) cognitive restructuring. C) behavioral therapy. D) atypical antipsychotics.
B
Josie treats many clients with anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. All of the following have proven to be effective for treating her clients EXCEPT A) cognitive-behavioral therapy. B) phototherapy. C) systematic desensitization. D) cognitive restructuring.
B
Juanita is seeing a psychiatrist. Her psychiatrist is a mental health professional who can prescribe drugs because she A) has an advanced degree in psychology. B) has a medical degree. C) uses only the psychodynamic approach to therapy. D) can set up a private practice.
B
Malcolm is a mental health practitioner who sees many clients with personality disorders. These clients should be __________ for Malcolm to treat because they __________. A) easy; respond well to psychotropic medications B) difficult; see the environment, not themselves, as the cause of their problems C) easy; think positively about themselves and their future opportunities D) difficult; have a poor sense of self
B
Marcus is a 16-year-old who has been feeling down for a long time and never leaves his room, where he just plays on his computer. A therapist treating Marcus will most likely be successful if he or she uses A) transcranial magnetic stimulation. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) psychotropic medications.
B
Priya has been depressed for the last year and has been hospitalized for the past three months because she is suicidal. Many of the "first-line" or typical treatments for depression have not been effective for Priya, including cognitive therapy and drug therapy. The form of treatment most likely to be effective for her is A) phototherapy. B) transcranial magnetic stimulation. C) a frontal lobotomy. D) an atypical antipsychotic.
B
Psychotherapy treatments for adolescent depression are A) ineffective. B) quite effective on their own, but time-consuming. C) about three times more effective as a treatment than drugs alone. D) seldom effective unless used in combination with drugs.
B
Gerald is a psychologist who intends to use cognitive-behavioral therapy in helping Tad deal with depression. An important first step in using this approach would be for Gerald to A) help Tad identify the unconscious conflicts causing his depression. B) help Tad identify the negative thoughts associated with his depression. C) help Tad improve his self-esteem. D) prescribe Tad an antidepressant.
B) help Tad identify the negative thoughts associated with his depression.
Michael has borderline personality disorder. He does not choose a psychotherapist who uses psychodynamic therapy because it A) does not work for borderline personality disorder. B) is more time consuming and expensive than other effective therapies. C) is based on "talk therapy," which has little effect on psychological functioning. D) relies more on medication than on the client-therapist relationship.
B) is more time consuming and expensive than other effective therapies.
Jonah has panic attacks when he has to give presentations in class. Jonah's therapist helps him change the way he thinks about the symptoms of a panic attack. He also has Jonah practice reading aloud in front of a few people so Jonah will get used to it. Jonah's therapist is using ______ to treat his panic attacks. A) exposure and response prevention B) psychodynamic therapy C) systematic desensitization D) group therapy
B) psychodynamic therapy
During his therapy, Josef is expected to free-associate and to discuss his dreams. Josef is most probably seeing a therapist who specializes in A) cognitive therapy. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) behavior therapy. D) humanistic therapy.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
Johanna is a therapist who works with clients to help them understand their problems and work toward a solution by changing their behavior. Johanna is practicing A) unconditional positive regard. B) psychotherapy. C) psychoanalysis. D) free association.
B) psychotherapy.
Alvira is being treated for borderline personality disorder in an inpatient treatment center. What will the second stage of treatment generally involve? A) brief and intensive group therapy with other clients who have borderline personality disorder to discuss Alvira's suicidal thoughts B) meeting with a cognitive therapist at least twice a week to learn self-respect and problem-solving skills C) discussing the loss of her parents at age five and how this relates to Alvira's current emotional problems D) working to replace her most extreme and dysfunctional behaviors with more adaptive and effective ways of coping
C
Don has a cleanliness obsession that revolves around a fear of dirt and germs. His compulsion involves hand-washing. In treatment for his disorder, Don is asked to touch all the dirty doorknobs in his therapist's office building and is told he cannot wash his hands. He and the therapist then sit together while Don tries to relax and overcome his feelings of extreme discomfort. This treatment A) is better suited for generalized anxiety disorder. B) has been shown to be ineffective and may even make symptoms worse. C) is an appropriate therapy based on extinguishing a conditioned response. D) is less effective than drugs in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C
Dr.Acacia plans to open a clinic to provide better mental health services to children and adolescents. Dr.Acacia wants to convince others that these services are needed. He is likely to use all of the following arguments to help his case EXCEPT A) an estimated 10 to 20 percent of children and adolescents experience psychological disorders. B) early experiences are crucial in developing psychological health in adulthood. C) parents are more likely to pay money for psychological care for their children than for themselves. D) negative thoughts and behaviors are more easily changed during this period of time; therefore, treatment can be more beneficial than it would be in adulthood.
C
Fabricio has a Ph.D. in clinical psychology. Which of the following actions can he NOT perform in most states? A) have a private practice B) conduct research on his therapy techniques C) prescribe drugs for mental health problems D) work in a hospital setting
C
Hans has severe obsessive-compulsive disorder, and neither therapy nor drug treatment has effectively improved his symptoms. Hans is beginning to explore alternative methods to help his disease. Hans is most likely to discuss __________ with his doctor as an extreme treatment. A) electroconvulsive therapy B) transcranial magnetic stimulation C) deep brain stimulation D) antipsychotics
C
In terms of alternative therapies for depression,some clients with mild to moderate depression respond well to __________,whereas clients with severe and difficult-to-treat depression may respond better to __________. A) regular aerobic exercise; phototherapy B) changes in their diet; electroconvulsive therapy C) regular aerobic exercise; electroconvulsive therapy D) changes in their diet; phototherapy
C
Jerome is afraid of the ocean. In order to help him overcome his fear, Jerome's therapist suggests that they immediately go swim in the ocean for 30 minutes. Jerome's therapist is using the __________ technique. A) systematic desensitization B) placebo C) exposure D) simulation
C
John is being treated with a biological therapy for a disorder. The side effects of this therapy are irreversible and include twitching muscles in his neck and face and uncontrollable salivation. John probably has __________ and is being treated with __________. A) depression; a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor B) depression; transcranial magnetic stimulation C) schizophrenia; a conventional antipsychotic D) schizophrenia; deep brain stimulation
C
Liliya is a young girl with autism. Her parents recently began training in applied behavior analysis. Upon beginning treatment, which of the following complaints might Liliya's parents have? A) Liliya's social skills have not improved at all, even though her sensory abilities have increased. B) Liliya still scores very low on IQ tests despite the intensive treatment, and she will still be in special classes at school. C) There is a large amount of time required from the parents to implement the treatment. D) Liliya's attentional capacity will still be so limited that her parents will need to continue training her until she is much older.
C
Mary has recently been treated with antidepressants and is engaging in intensive, long-term therapy in an inpatient setting. The therapy emphasizes reducing self-harming behaviors, improving coping skills, exploring past traumatic experiences, and developing self-respect. This combination is the best form of therapy available for her disorder. Mary most likely has A) severe depression. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) borderline personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C
Nathan is experiencing both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, both of which need to be treated. His psychiatrist is most likely to treat him with A) lithium. B) tardive dyskinesia. C) atypical antipsychotics. D) conventional antipsychotics.
C
Sean is receiving treatment for antisocial personality disorder. His therapist knows that treating Sean will be __________ because Sean __________. A) easy; has low self-esteem, which is quickly fixed with cognitive therapy B) moderately difficult; may not respond to mood-stabilizing drugs C) very difficult; has difficulty creating a positive client-therapist relationship D) impossible; views his problems as too overwhelming to treat
C
Shoshanna is hyperactive at school, often having trouble with instructions, sitting still in her seat, and focusing on her school work.Shoshanna is most likely to be treated with a __________,such as __________. A) stimulant; Xanax B) mood stabilizer; Prozac C) stimulant; Ritalin D) mood stabilizer; lithium
C
Which of the following people is Roman, a paraprofessional, best able to help? A) Thomas, a schizophrenic with hallucinations and delusions B) Akash, a student who is struggling to adapt to life at college C) Roberto, a former drug addict who is now sober and needs help finding a job D) Nikesh, who is hospitalized for depression and needs to find an outpatient clinic
C
You meet a new person at a party who tells you that she is a counseling psychologist. You correctly believe that she A) is a therapist for people with a diagnosed mental disorder. B) provides psychotropic treatment to mentally ill people in the hospital. C) counsels people with adjustment and life stress problems. D) works under the supervision of a clinical psychologist to help people who have life stress problems.
C
Young Benny tells Lisa, "It is not that I am a bad person. It is just that I like to hit people with my toy gun. " Lisa replies, "I hear you saying that you feel like your desire to use your toy gun does not make you a bad person. " Lisa is using __________ with Benny. A) empathy B) unconditional positive regard C) active listening D) modeling
C
Zac is a 12-year-old boy who receives behavioral therapy to reduce his hyperactive behavior and increase his ability to pay attention. His therapist explains that during treatment he will modify Zac's behavior by A) eliciting his undesirable behavior to understand his thought processes. B) getting him to model correct behavior. C) reinforcing his desirable behavior. D) helping him to recognize and understand the motives for his bad behavior.
C
Dr. Richie is treating a patient who is impulsive, manipulative, and constantly telling lies. He may have a difficult time helping his patient because the patient likely has A) a depressive disorder. B) an anxiety disorder. C) antisocial personality disorder. D) borderline personality disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
Dr. Sampson is a clinical psychologist who knows that cognitive-behavioral therapy works best to help clients with A) personality disorders. B) schizophrenia. C) anxiety and mood disorders. D) autism.
C) anxiety and mood disorders.
Peter, a man with schizophrenia, experiences auditory hallucinations, slow speech, and apathy. His doctor is likely to prescribe a(n) ______ to treat all of these symptoms. A) conventional antipsychotic B) mood stabilizer drug C) atypical antipsychotic D) stimulant
C) atypical antipsychotic
Jenny is receiving psychotherapy for an eating disorder. Her therapist is warm and empathetic and can easily take her perspective. He encourages Jenny to express her thoughts and feelings about her eating issues and does not judge or criticize anything she says. This therapist is most likely using a __________ therapeutic approach. A) cognitive-behavioral B) rational-emotive C) client-centered D) psychoanalytic
C) client-centered
Which type of therapeutic technique, developed by Dr. Marsha Linehan, has been found to be beneficial to people who have been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder? A) deep brain stimulation B) transcranial magnetic stimulation C) dialectical behavior therapy D) operant procedures
C) dialectical behavior therapy
Joey is trying to find an effective treatment for his obsessive-compulsive disorder. If you were his therapist, which of the following methods would you recommend as likely to be the most effective? A) antidepressant medication B) deep brain stimulation C) exposure and response prevention
C) exposure and response prevention
Eileen, a psychotherapist, interacts with her clients as equals as she helps them fulfill their potential for personal growth. She does not give clients advice, but provides the acceptance and support that will allow them to change their own behavior. Eileen most likely uses a ______ therapy approach with clients. A) cognitive B) psychodynamic C) humanistic D) behavior
C) humanistic
Craig has been successfully treated for severe depression. He has an associate's degree and now volunteers at a suicide crisis center, conducting intake interviews with new patients as a way to help others. Craig is most likely a ______. A) clinical psychologist B) psychiatric social worker C) paraprofessional D) counseling psychologist
C) paraprofessional
Heather would like to learn to change her behavior and resolve problems with her husband. Heather would most likely benefit from A) dream analysis. B) free association. C) psychotherapy. D) active listening.
C) psychotherapy.
Why is cognitive-behavioral therapy effective for many disorders, especially anxiety and depressive disorders?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is so effective because it treats both the distorted thoughts and maladaptive behaviors that are seen in both anxiety and depressive disorders.
LaToya, who experiences only minor depression, was recruited for a research study in which she will receive either an antidepressant or a placebo.LaToya receives the active drug treatment. Compared with people receiving placebo treatment, LaToya will A) be equally likely to experience symptom relief. B) tend to expect symptom relief and therefore will experience it. C) be less likely to expect symptom relief. D) experience similar symptom relief to those who were given a placebo.
D
Abraham is receiving therapy that helps him to evaluate the emotional expressions of others, effectively use verbal and nonverbal communication, and express affection to family and friends. It is most likely that Abraham has A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. B) bipolar I disorder. C) dissociative identity disorder. D) schizophrenia.
D
Arnold is working with a client who has obsessive-compulsive disorder. Although he will be treating the client with cognitive-behavioral therapy, Arnold would also like to prescribe a psychotropic medication to help relieve some of the client's symptoms. Arnold should most likely try a(n) A) anti-anxiety drug. B) anti-psychotic. C) stimulant. D) antidepressant.
D
Client A has schizophrenia believed to be caused by brain dysfunction, and he is being seen by a psychiatrist. Client B has a mild eating disorder believed to be caused in part by inaccurate beliefs, and he is being seen by a clinical psychologist.Client A will likely receive __________ treatment,and Client B will likely receive __________. A) deep brain stimulation; behavioral therapy B) humanistic therapy; an antipsychotic C) social skills training; a stimulant D) an antipsychotic; cognitive therapy
D
Dr.Ramos, a psychiatrist, treats many adolescent clients who suffer from depression. She often treats these clients with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as Prozac. If Dr.Ramos would like to add another type of treatment that has been shown to improve the prognosis for adolescents, she should recommend both Prozac and A) dialectical behavior therapy. B) exposure and response prevention. C) client-centered group therapy. D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
D
In addition to therapy, Norah often uses psychotropic medications to help her clients with their symptoms of psychopathology. Norah might use any of the following categories of drugs EXCEPT A) antidepressants. B) mood stabilizers. C) stimulants. D) transcranial magnetic stimulation.
D
Madeline is in treatment for a mental health disorder. In the first step of the process, she learns that every time she feels like cutting herself, she should instead listen to jazz music, which soothes her. By substituting a harmful behavior with a more adaptive one, Madeline is learning coping skills that will help her in the next step of therapy as she reflects on the abuse she suffered in childhood. Madeline is being treated with A) cognitive therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) rational-emotive therapy. D) dialectical behavior therapy.
D
Sarabi has symptoms of major depression and severe mania. Her doctor decides that the best course of treatment to alleviate all of Sarabi's symptoms is A) cognitive-behavioral therapy. B) lithium. C) Prozac. D) a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and lithium.
D
Troy, a 6-year-old boy with autism, has received applied behavior analysis treatment for the past four years. Which of the following statements about Troy's current situation is most accurate? A) Troy's treatment is relatively easy to implement, but his parents are thinking of dropping out because the treatment is so expensive. B) Troy's cognitive skills have significantly improved, but he dislikes his treatment so he has become defiant and difficult. C) Troy is satisfied with his treatment and is a happier child, but his IQ is still low and he cannot be taught in normal classrooms at school. D) Tory's treatment is very time consuming and intense, but his IQ is now 20 points higher than when he started treatment.
D
Tulisa is a college sophomore who seeks mental health services on her university's campus to help her cope with the stress of her upcoming exams. She should most likely be treated by a A) psychiatric social worker. B) paraprofessional. C) psychiatrist. D) counseling psychologist.
D
When comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)and drug treatments for treating anxiety disorders, A) drugs are more effective. B) relapse is less likely with drugs. C) CBT is more cost-effective. D) CBT has longer-lasting effects.
D
When you go to your therapist in an attempt to overcome your fear of heights, she asks you to lie on a couch and relax while you imagine slowly climbing up the steps of a ladder. By having you progressively relax while imagining a stressful stimulus, she is using A) exposure. B) modeling. C) cognitive restructuring. D) systematic desensitization.
D
Every time her name is spoken, Simone is rewarded with her favorite candy if she makes eye contact with her teacher. Simone most likely has been diagnosed with ______and is being treated with______. A) ADHD; play therapy B) ADHD; applied behavioral analysis C) autism spectrum disorder; play therapy D) autism spectrum disorder; applied behavioral analysis
D) autism spectrum disorder; applied behavioral analysis
Rand gets very anxious when he is in an enclosed space. Every time he gets in an elevator, he thinks, "I will never get out of here alive. " His therapist helps Rand by having him think instead, "The doors of the elevator closed correctly and they will open correctly in just a minute. " His therapist is using A) systematic desensitization. B) active listening. C) modeling. D) cognitive restructuring.
D) cognitive restructuring.
Jeremy has very high levels of anxiety. He needs treatment in a structured therapy setting and wants social support, but he does not have a lot of money. The best treatment choice for Jeremy would be A) psychoanalysis. B) client-centered therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) group therapy.
D) group therapy.
Olga knows her therapist is using client-centered therapy when she A) interprets Olga's dreams to understand her unconscious conflicts. B) uses direct suggestions for how Olga could behave in more adaptive ways. C) gets Olga to understand the perspective of others so she can be more empathetic. D) helps Olga understand herself better by listening to and clarifying Olga's feelings.
D) helps Olga understand herself better by listening to and clarifying Olga's feelings.
You have gone to the university's counseling center. There, you encounter a therapist who does not pass judgment on your behavior. Rather, he encourages you to talk about your experiences, and he often repeats back to you what you have just said. This therapist is most likely using A) behavioral modification. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) psychoanalysis. D) humanistic therapy.
D) humanistic therapy.
Aidan's therapist believes that cognitive-behavioral therapy will help to relieve the symptoms of his major depressive disorder. As part of this therapy, his therapist will most likely suggest that Aidan ______. A) take an antidepressant for 8 weeks before coming back for another visit B) sit under a high-intensity light source for a short period each day C) expose himself to situations that make him feel depressed until his mood improves D) keep a journal to track his negative thoughts and then work to change his thoughts
D) keep a journal to track his negative thoughts and then work to change his thoughts
Dr. Macallan is a behavioral therapist. When treating a person with schizophrenia, Dr. Macallan takes his client out to dinner in order to show what behaviors are appropriate when dining in public. Dr. Macallan is using __________ to help his client. A) a token economy B) unconditional positive regard C) cognitive restructuring D) modeling
D) modeling
The textbook discusses two basic, general approaches that can be used to treat clients with mental health disorders. These approaches are A) psychoanalysis and behavior modification. B) cognitive therapy and group therapy. C) dream analysis and electroconvulsive therapy. D) psychotherapy and biological therapy.
D) psychotherapy and biological therapy.
Formal psychological treatment aimed at changing thoughts and behavior is known as A) cognitive therapy. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) psychoanalysis. D) psychotherapy.
D) psychotherapy.
What is the general prognosis for those with antisocial personality disorder (APD)?
Few therapies work for people with antisocial personality disorder (APD), but most people with APD show a reduction in antisocial behavior after about age 40.
For depressive disorders, what psychotherapy treatment can be just as effective as antidepressants?
For depressive disorders, the psychotherapy treatment of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be just as effective as antidepressants.
11 What role does mindfulness play in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
Mindfulness meditation is used in the first stage of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) to help the person control attention to focus on the present to replace extreme behaviors.
What are the three differences between the atypical antipsychotics and the conventional antipsychotics used to treat schizophrenia?
The three differences between atypical antipsychotics and conventional antipsychotics are that the atypical antipsychotics: (1) act on different neurotransmitters; (2) reduce negative, not just positive, symptoms of schizophrenia; and (3) do not produce the side effect of tardive dyskinesia.
What is a possible reason that stimulants can help reduce ADHD?
These drugs stimulate brain regions involved in behavioral control and paying attention.