Psych Chapter 15

In the Wada test, a short-acting _______ is injected into the carotid artery first on one side of the brain, then on the other.

anesthetic

The human brain shows a clear _______, during which exposure and practice with language must occur in order for language skills to develop normally.

critical period

Which region of cortex is crucial for face recognition?

fusiform gyrus

In infants, the left planum temporal is larger than the right, suggesting that

humans have an inborn neural mechanism for language

Under which circumstance would a doctor request that a patient undergo a Wada test?

if a patient may need to undergo neurosurgery

Studies using fMRI show that in addition to face recognition, the fusiform region is also activated when identifying

individual members of other categories, such as birds or cars, especially if the viewer has relevant expertise in those categories

Nonverbal visual stimuli, such as faces or shapes, are recognized more accurately if they are presented to the

left visual field

_______ is an anatomical abnormality of developmental dyslexia that is associated with excessive cortical folding in areas such as the temporoparietal junction.

micropolygyria

Aphasic patients may produce nonsensical or meaningless words called

neologisms

Birdsong is similar to human speech in that

proper expression of the FOXP2 gene appears to be crucial

People with conduction aphasia are unable to

repeat words or sentences

The goal of constraint-induced movement therapy is to encourage stroke patients to use the afflicted arm by _______ the unaffected arm.

restraining

A native English-speaking person with _______ dyslexia would have great difficulty reading the title The Tough Coughs as He Ploughs the Dough.

surface

Consistent with the motor theory of speech perception, deaf people who use American Sign Language use _______ language-related regions of the left hemisphere as hearing people who use spoken language do.

the same

A large frontal lesion in the left hemisphere can produce _______ aphasia.

Broca's

Children show evidence of sensitivity to the "rules" of language by the age of _______ months.

7

In ERP studies of normal subjects, it has been found that a grammatically correct sentence containing a word whose meaning does not fit into the sentence provokes a(n) _______ wave from _______ cortex.

N400; temporoparietal

A patient speaks in a fluent manner, although her speech contains many paraphasias that make it unintelligible. She also demonstrates poor comprehension of verbal material. This patient is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.

Wernicke's

Which of the following best describes the Wernicke-Geschwind model of aphasia?

Connectionist

The complete loss of the ability to understand language, or to speak, read, or write is called _______ aphasia.

global

Which statement about the evolution of languages is most accurate?

languages are being lost or absorbed as a result of increasing globalization

Hemispheric specialization is also known as

lateralization

A left-ear advantage for verbal sounds can be observed in up to 50% of

right-handed individuals

Early studies using electrodes to stimulate discrete areas of cortex, thereby disrupting neural function, found

that electrical stimulation interfered with language abilities

In patients with aphasia following a stroke, the greatest amount of language recovery is likely to be achieved _______ after the episode of brain damage.

within 3 months