Psych Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception

What organ of the body is about 20 square feet in size?

skin

The __________ have to do with touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.

skin senses

Which of the following is TRUE about pictorial depth cues?

They require visual cues from only one eye.

________ is the name for the annoying ringing in one's ears.

Tinnitus

________ sense is the body process that is mostly to blame if you become dizzy after a long ride on a carousel at the amusement park.

Vestibular

________ pain is detected in the organs.

Visceral

______ states that the smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50 percent oft he time is always a constant

Weber's law

Free nerve endings respond to

pain.

The tendency to interpret an object as always being the same size regardless of its distance from the viewer is

size constancy

The ________ controls the size of the pupil.

iris

The cilia in the nose act most like

the taste buds on the tongue.

_________ is the rotation of the two eyes in their sockets to focus on a single object.

Convergence

Which of the following statements related to culture and perception is TRUE?

Culture can affect visual perception

________ can inhibit the transmission of pain signals in the brain.

Endorphins

________ is the way the brain deals with unchanging information from the environment.

Habituation

Which of the following is TRUE about James Vicary's study on subliminal perception in advertising?

He never actually conducted the study.

Which of the following is TRUE about depth perception?

It helps one to judge how far away objects are.

Which of the following statements best explains how the sense of taste works?

Molecules of food fit into receptors on taste buds, and neural signals are fired to the brain.

The ________ illusion tends to occur more in societies with lots of buildings that have straight lines and corners.

Müller-Lyer

________ are just beneath the skin and respond to pressure.

Pacinian corpuscles

When you smell an odor, which aspect of the substance you are smelling actually enters your nose to create the sensation of smell?

Particles of the substance itself

Which of the following is TRUE about color-deficient vision?

Problems involving one set of cones can be an inherited recessive trait.

_____ is due to the lack of functioning red cones

Protanopia

_____ refers to a rapid series of still pictures that seem to be in motion.

Stroboscopic motion

What is the common name for the taste receptor cells?

Taste buds

The linear perspective is an example of

a monocular cue.

The ________ is the lowest level of stimulation that a person can consciously detect 50 percent of the time the stimulation is present.

absolute threshold

______ is also called a muscular cue

accomodation

Which pictorial depth cue causes distant objects, such as mountains, to appear hazier than nearby objects?

aerial perspective

The most common cause of conduction hearing impairment is

an infection.

People with extremely high numbers of taste buds

are called supertasters.

In the figure-ground relationship, one has a tendency to perceive objects

as existing on a background.

Where is the retina located?

at the back of the eye

The amplitude of the light wave determines

brightness.

In 1996, Lindemann proposed a fifth primary receptor which detects which type of taste?

brothy

Taste and smell receptors are activated by

chemicals.

Nerve hearing impairment can be helped with the use of

cochlear implants.

In Gestalt theories, the principle of closure refers to the tendency to

complete incomplete figures.

Motion sickness can be explained by

conflict between visual input and other sensory input.

The tendency to believe that the dummy, not the ventriloquist, is doing the talking is largely due to

contiguity.

Frequency is measured in

cycles per second, or hertz.

People who are blind from birth, but later have their sight restored, are unlikely to develop

depth perception.

The olfactory bulbs are located

directly below the frontal lobes.

Which mammals have the ability to hear up to 200,000 Hz?

dolphins

the body's reaction to dizziness with nausea is

evolutionarily adaptive

How many primary taste sensations have been identified by researchers?

five

In opponent-process theory, there are _______ primary colors.

four

The best current explanation for how pain works is the

gate-control theory.

The tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchanging information is known as

habituation.

People who have difficulty with their hearing are said to be either totally or partially

hearing impaired.

Research suggests that perception may be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT

if someone is right-brained versus left-brained.

When someone is viewing an afterimage, it appears

in all the wrong colors

Depth perception seems to develop

in early infancy.

Which of the following is TRUE about the Necker Cube?

it has conflicting sets of depth cues

The tendency for lines that are actually parallel to seem to converge, as when you look down a long interstate highway, is

linear perspective.

When Stephen looks out at a field of red, purple, and yellow tulips, he can only see shades of gray. His condition is

monochrome color blindness.

Kinesthetic sense involves

movement and location of body parts in relation to each other.

The halves of the retinas toward the center of the head are the

nasal retinas.

Rods are visual sensory receptors responsible for

noncolor sensitivity to low light.

Sensory information related to smell is processed in the

olfactory bulbs.

A highly saturated red color would contain ________ wavelengths.

only red

The _______ contains the receptor cells for the sense of hearing

organ of Corti

One's tendency to perceive things in a certain way because of previous experience or expectation is called

perceptual set.

What portion of the ear serves as a funnel for sound from the outside world?

pinna

What are the three primary colors of light?

red, blue, green

Long wavelengths are at the ____ end of the visible spectrum, whereas short wavelengths are at the _____ end.

red; blue

which part of the eye receives sensory signals and relays that information to the brain?

retina

The three aspects to the perception of light are brightness, color, and

saturation.

When you smell the odor of the garbage can in the kitchen when you first come home, then after a while the smell seems to go away, you are experiencing

sensory adaptation.

If you are experiencing habituation,

sensory receptors are still responding to stimuli.

Terry stepped on a nail while walking around barefoot in her yard one week ago. The spot where the skin was punctured still hurts, reminding her to take it easy on her foot. The soreness Terry is experiencing is known as ________ pain.

somatic

The term ______ refers to stimuli that are below the level of conscious awareness.

subliminal stimuli

Thomas Young's theory of color vision

suggested that color vision is made possible by red, blue, and green cones.

Brightness is determined by

the amplitude of the wave.

Which of the following is TRUE about the otolith organs?

they are found just above the cochlea

which of the following is TRUE about rods?

they are responsible for peripheral vision

Saturation or purity is to light as ________ is to sound.

timbre

if you stare at something for a long time, it does not disappear because

tiny movements of the eyes keep them from adapting to what they see

The use of preexisting knowledge to organize individual features into a unified whole is known as

top-down processing.

The process of converting outside stimuli into neural activity is called

transduction

Lindemann proposed that the most recent taste to be identified should be called

umami

amplitude is interpreted as

volume

According to gate-control theory

when the spinal gates open farther there is a greater experience of pain.

In studies of pain, research has shown that

women feel pain more intensely than men.