Psych Chapter 4
consciousness
a concept with many meanings, including sensory awareness of the world outside, direct inner awareness of one's thoughts and feelings, personal unity, and the waking state
circadian rhythm
a cycle that is connected with the twenty-four-hour period of the earth's rotation
stimulant
a drug that increases activity of the nervous system
depressant
a drug that lowers the rate of activity of the nervous system
mindfulness meditation (MM)
a form of meditation that provides clients with techniques they can use to focus on the present moment rather than ruminate about problems
barbiturate
an addictive depressant used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep
hydrocarbons
chemical compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon
nonconscious
descriptive of bodily processes, such as growing hair, of which we cannot become conscious
psychoactive substance
drugs that have psychological effects such as stimulation or distortion of perceptions
unconscious
in psychodynamic theory, descriptive of ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness
preconscious
in psychodynamic theory, descriptive of material that is not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one's attention
repression
in psychodynamic theory, the automatic (unconscious) ejection of anxiety- evoking ideas, impulses, or images from awareness
direct inner awareness
knowledge of one's own thoughts, feelings, and memories without the use of sensory organs
secondhand smoke
smoke from the tobacco products and exhalations of other people; also referred to as passive smoking
amphetamines
stimulants derived from alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl-ethylamine, a colorless liquid consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
sleep apnea
temporary absence or cessation of breathing while sleeping
suppression
the deliberate, or conscious, placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out of awareness
selective attention
the focus of consciousness on a particular stimulus
transcendental meditation (TM)
the simplified form of meditation brought to the United States by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and used as a method for coping with stress
activation-synthesis model
the view that dreams reflect activation of cognitive activity by the reticular formation and synthesis of this activity into a pattern
narcolepsy
a "sleep attack" in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly
hypnosis
a altered state of consciousness in which people are highly suggestible and behave as though they are in a trance