Psych Chapter 6 Questions

You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this? a) fixed interval b) fixed ratio c) variable interval d) variable ratio

c) variable interval

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning. a) associational b) instinctive c)processual d) reflexive

a) associational

In operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior. a) negative reinforcement b) positive reinforcement c) punishment d) punishment reinforcement

a) negative reinforcement

Which statement about Edward C. Tolman is incorrect? a)He disagreed with John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. b) He found that emotions can be a conditioned response. c)He placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze. d)His experiments demonstrated that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement.

b

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________. a) conditioned response b) conditioned stimulus c) unconditioned response d) unconditioned stimulus

b) conditioned stimulus

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed. a) continuous b) partial c) primary d) secondary

b) partial

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time the desired behavior is performed. a) continuous b) partial c) primary d) secondary

b) partial

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert? a)boys display fear differently from girls b)boys display more fear than girls c)emotion can be a conditioned response d)fear cannot be a conditioned response

c

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior? a) acquisition b) extinction c) punishment d) recovery

c) punishment

Which statement about B. F. Skinner is correct? a) He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated. b)He placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze. c)He worked with Edward C. Tolman to prove that fear is both an instinct and a reflex. d)His experiments demonstrated that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement.

d

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________. a) classical conditioning b) higher order conditioning c) neural stimulus d) spontaneous recovery

d) spontaneous recovery

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning? a) blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long he takes to find a button hidden in a room b) determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if he is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting c)knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student d)rewarding a boy for finishing his vegetables with ice cream and counting how many nights of reinforcement are required before he voluntarily eats his vegetables

c

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this? a) classical b)conditioning c) observational d)operant

c) observational