Psych Chapter 6
Bobby is seventeen and has been engaging in risky behaviors, such as reckless driving, skipping class, and breaking curfew. Which of the following is an explanation for Bobby's actions that most psychologists support?
Bobby is still developing new neural connections in his brain.
Rik, who is an adolescent, was always studious and quiet throughout childhood. His parents are concerned because he suddenly dyed his hair, pierced his tongue, and started hanging out with a different crowd. A few months later, he tried out for the football team and became so active in sports that he neglected his schoolwork. According to psychologists, which of the following would best explain Rik's changes in behavior?
He is going through the process of exploring his identity that many adolescents experience.
Shamir wants to be a doctor like both of his parents when he gets older. He never thought of doing anything else. Which of the following best explains Shamir's decision?
He is identity foreclosed.
Which of the following researchers found that ducklings will follow the first figure they see within their first day of hatching?
Konrad Lorenz
Which of the following scenarios best describes what Erik Erikson thought someone might experience in early adulthood?
Mohammed has dated a few people but has not been very successful, so he has decided to give up on dating.
Which of the following statements is most true about how a newborn's senses function?
Most senses function normally, but sight develops slowly with experience.
Which of the following is a conclusion you can make using Figures Nine and Ten?
Mothers' alcohol use and smoking are positively correlated to birth defects
A healthy, seventy-year-old editor of a print magazine is likely to experience the greatest decline in which of the following cognitive tasks?
Quickly learning the process of editing and publishing an Internet-based magazine
Trinna and Suzanne are identical twins who were the same length at birth. They were adopted by different families at birth and then reconnected in their early thirties. Trinna is two inches shorter and was a severely selective eater as a child. A researcher was conducting an investigation about twins separated at birth. What research method and explanation best fit this scenario?
A case study, because both heredity and environment are important in determining length and height.
Researchers hypothesize that the older a baby is when it begins to crawl, the longer it will take the baby to stop exhibiting earlier rocking behaviors. The researchers go into the infant room of a day care center every day for six weeks. Every time a baby rocks, the researchers record it. They document which babies are already crawlers and at what age each started crawling. What will help the researchers with their investigation?
Their knowledge that rocking behavior develops before crawling behavior and that rocking behavior eventually goes away once crawling behavior begins
Researchers want to study the effects of teratogens. They should conduct
an experiment using pregnant rats
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is
authoritative, because children have boundaries that are reasonable and justified.
The ability to generate several alternate hypotheses in order to explain a phenomenon demonstrates cognition in which of the following Piagetian stages?
formal-operations
You have a cousin named Holden who flunked out of three expensive private schools and was arrested for wandering the streets of New York using his parents' credit card. Holden is intelligent but cannot seem to get motivated toward any career. What conflict would Erikson say Holden is struggling with?
identity versus role confusion
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are most primarily concerned in a search for
identity.
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all the following human traits except
motor development.
Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because
researchers apply findings and theories from other areas of psychology to the specific topic of human development.
Which of the following is the correct term for a mental rule Piaget said we use to interpret out environment?
schema
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research (in about 66 percent of the cases she studied)?
secure
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
sensorimotor
Gender stereotypes are a result of
societal norms and other environmental factors
Jaime, a six month old, is fussy and does not transition well between situations. According to Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess, this behavior is part of Jaime's
temperament
Most prenatal influences on humans are genetic or hormonal in origin except for
teratogens.
A major difference between the psychoanalytic stage theories (Freud and Erikson) and the more cognitive or experiential stage theories (Piaget and Kohlberg) is
the psychoanalytic theories are less empirical.
A principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is the
time span of the study.
Harlow's experiments with substitute mothers made of wire demonstrated the importance of what aspect of nurturing?
touch
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley are very strict with their children. They do not spend a lot of time talking with them, except to tell them what to do. Which of the following theorists would be most likely to study this type of parenting behavior?
Diana Baumrind
Which of the following statements correctly matches a physiological change with its corresponding stage of development?
Decrease in sex hormones in late adulthood
You read in your philosophy class textbook that humans are born "tabula rasa" or "blank slates." As a student of psychology, which of the following responses would you have?
The statement is incorrect. Humans are born with a set of reflexes that help us survive.
