Psych - Chapter 9

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?

Sigmund Freud

What is the name of a document that mandates that a person NOT receive steps to revive a person if their heart stops beating or if they stop breathing?

a DNR order

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

What stage of development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity?

cognitive development

What stage of development in Piaget's theory is when children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time, they lack the ability to think abstractly.

concrete operational stage

Jody is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

disorganized

Patty is a doctoral student in psychology. What can she use to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period?

surveys

Sally has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will "change her ways" and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Danica is at what stage of grieving?

bargaining

Explain what kind of parenting style you will use to raise your own children, and what later outcomes you would expect as a result?

authoritative

Janie knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency, and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Janie breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Janie is operating at what level of Kohlberg's theory of morality?

individualism and exchange

Jory, a six-year-old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does too. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? Explain.

environmental factors that affect people

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of what type of motor skills.

fine motor skills

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of what lobe in the cerebral cortex?

frontal lobe

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? Explain.

genetics

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of what type of motor skills.

gross motor skills

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental whats?

milestones

Josie is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Josie wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Josie is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

permissive

What stage of development involves growth and changes to the body and brain, senses, motor skills as well as health and wellness?

physical development

Fred has learned that he has Parkinson's disease and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document, so she can make medical decisions for Fred when he is unable to do so for himself. What is this document called?

proxy

What stage of Jean Piaget's theory, is the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies?

sensorimotor

What is the goal of hospice care?

to provide both dignity and pain management to dying patients in a comfortable environment

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs mistrust

Which theorist stated that lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage, we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

Erik Erikson

Describe the Strange Situation experiment.

"In this procedure of the Strange Situation, the child is observed playing for 21 minutes while caregivers and strangers enter and leave the room, recreating the flow of the familiar and unfamiliar presence in most children's lives. The situation varies in stressfulness and the child's responses are observed."

What is an advanced directive?

a document that spells out ones wishes concerning healthcare, in case of a situation where they are not able to express their wishes themselves

What begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge?

a zygote

18-month-old Bobby learned the schema for apples. When Bobby sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies what?

accommodation

What were the five stages of grief proposed by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross?

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking what kind of trajectory.

discontinuous

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face what task of development?

identity vs. role confusion

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs despair

What are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information?

schemata

Felix is a one-year-old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure