psych Exam 3 part 2
C
According to McCrae and Costa, the Big Five factors comprise a person's a.characteristic adaptations. b.objective biography. c.basic tendencies. d.external influences.
False
According to McCrae and Costa, the Five Factor Model and the Five Factor Theory are terms that can be used interchangeably. True) False)
A
According to McCrae and Costa, the ultimate contributor to personality is a.biology. b.self-concept. c.childhood experience.. d.the ability to adapt to new experiences.
False
According to McCrae and Costa, the ultimate source of human behavior is childhood experience. True) False)
D
Cattell's famous personality scale is called the _______. a.NEO-Personality Inventory b.FIRO-B c.MBTI d.16 PF Scale
core
Characteristic adaptations are among the ______ components of personality.
agreeableness
Costa and McCrae's A factor represents _____ .
extraversion
Costa and McCrae's first two factors were neuroticism and _____.
D
Mathematically, the technique of reducing a number of variables to a smaller number is called a.induction. b.the experimental method. c.variance. d.factor analysis.
False
McCrae and Costa are currently the only researchers seriously investigating the Big Five factors. True) False)
False
McCrae and Costa believe that personality traits are nearly completely determined by early adolescence. True) False)
False
McCrae and Costa do not consider the Big Five to be a theory. True) False)
B
McCrae and Costa's Five-Factor Model (FFM) can both ______ and _____ behavior. a. forecast, foretell b.predict, explain c.identify, analyze d.measure, hypothesize
explain
McCrae and Costa's Five-Factor Model (FFM) can both predict and ______ behavior.
False
People in the United States score considerably higher on measures of extraversion than do people in Spain. True) False)
D
People who score low on ______________ tend to be quiet and reserved. a.intelligence b.psychoticism c.compromise d.extraversion
False
Personality psychologists are more likely to attribute behavior to situational traits. True) False)
B
Personality psychologists are more likely to attribute behavior to_________. a.day to minute situation b.enduring traits c.cognitive displacement d.overt emotionalism
five
Presently, most researchers who study personality traits agree that _____, and only _____, and no fewer than _____ dominant traits continue to emerge from factor analytic techniques.
True
The largest and most frequently studied of Cattell's normal traits are the 16 personality factors found on Cattell's (1949) Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16 PF Scale). True) False)
16
The largest and most frequently studied of the normal traits are the __ personality factors found on Cattell's (1949) ____ Personality Factors Questionnaire (__ PF Scale).
Paul Costa
"Big Five" traits of personality and their widespread adoption and acceptance owes much to the research and theory of Robert McCrae and________
A
A person's view of what he or she is like is called _____. a.self-concept. b.objective biology. c.external influences. d.characteristic adaptations.
C
A trait is best described as a.a cluster of surface factors. b.a temporary attitude toward a person or event. c.a relatively permanent disposition of a person. d.an environmentally determined hypothetical construct that shapes an individual's behavior and thought.
30
According to McCrae and Costa, personality traits are fairly consistent after the age of _____ .
18,000
Allport's major contribution to trait theory may have been his identification of nearly ______ trait names in an unabridged English language dictionary.
False
Although they have published much together, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa live nearly 3,000 miles apart. True) False)
D
Cattell and McCrae and Costa both used an (a) _________ of gathering data. a.deductive method b.comparison method c.intuition method d.inductive method
inductive method
Cattell and McCrae and Costa both used an _______ of gathering data; that is, they began with no preconceived bias concerning the number or name of traits or types.
False
Cattell and McCrae and Costa both used an deductive method of gathering data. True) False)
True
Cattell classified traits into temperament, motivation, and ability. True) False)
False
Cattell used three different media of observation to examine people called X data, Y data, and Z data. True) False)
D
Currently, the Big Five can most accurately be called a.a model. b.an armchair speculation. c.a taxonomy. d.a theory.
biography
Everything a person does across the lifespan is an objective _____ .
C
Factor C in the Five-Factor theory is a.consistency. b.cooperation. c.conscientiousness. d.compromise.
correlations
Factor analysis is largely the collection and quantifying of observations, and then demonstrating ________.
False
Factor anaylsis is based solely upon the observations of people's behaviors. True) False)
A
Hans J. Eysenck insisted that only __ major factors can be discerned by a factor analytic approach. a.3 b.5 c.16 d.18,000
three
Hans J. Eysenck insisted that only _____ major factors can be discerned by a factor analytic approach.
False
Hans J. Eysenck insisted that only seven major factors can be discerned by a factor analytic approach. True) False)
False
Historically psychologists concur on a unique set of personality traits that target the major dimensions of personality. True) False)
stable
Research suggests that the traits of the Big Five are _____ over time and consistent across cultures.
traits
Social psychologists explain behavior by the situation, whereas: personality psychologists attribute behavior to enduring ______.
False
The A factor in the Big Five theory represents anxiety. True) False)
C
The A in McCrae and Costa's theory stands for a.anxiety. b.aggression. c.agreeableness. d.activity.
taxonomy
The Big Five began as a _____ ; that is, a classification system.
B
The Five Factors have been found across cultures and show some permanence with _____. a.race b.age c.gender d.sexual orientation
True
The Five-Factor Theory (often called the Big Five) includes neuroticism and extraversion; but it adds openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. True) False)
the Big Five
The Five-Factor Theory (often called_______) includes neuroticism and extraversion; but it adds openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
A
The advocates of the Five-Factor Theory favor the _______ rotation of factor analysis. a.orthogonal b.triangulated c.oblique d.hexagonal
orthogonal
The advocates of the Five-Factor Theory favor the ________ rotation.
True
The advocates of the Five-Factor Theory favor the orthogonal rotation to demonstrate fewer, meaningful traits. True) False)
A
The fifth factor of the Big Five is _______ and describes people who are ordered, controlled, organized, ambitious, achievement focused, and self-disciplined. a.conscientiousness b.agreeableness c.neuroticism d.extraversion
neuroticism
The five major dimensions of personality are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, ________, and openness to experience.
A
The theories of McCrae and Costa and of Eysenck rate a.high on biological determinants of personality. b.high on teleology. c.low on their ability to generate research. d.high on free will vs. determinism.
False
There are ten major dimensions of personality that have been widely accepted by personality psychologists. True) False)
B
Today most researchers who study personality traits agree that __, and only __, and no fewer than __ dominant traits continue to emerge from factor analytic techniques. a.3 b.5 c.7 d.16
True
Traits are more stable than states. True) False)
unipolar
Traits generated through factor analysis may be either _______ or bipolar.
B
Which of the following statements is true? a.Traits are of two kinds—dispositional and hypothetical. b.Traits are more permanent than states. c.Traits represent a broader concept than factors. d.Traits cannot be extracted through the use of factor analysis
