Psych exam 4
________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.
Anxiety
Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.
B.F. Skinner
Who developed social-cognitive theory?
Bandura
________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.
Group polarization
Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?
Hans and Sybil Eysenck
________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.
Heritability
A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.
inferiority
During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.
intake
Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.
issues of race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment
Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. What is an example of interpersonal behavior?
moments fo confrontation to moments of working together and helping others
Who developed psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud--psychodynamic perspective of personality
Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis?
Stanley Milgram
_______ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.
Trait
Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?
Wakerfield
When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.
a person's knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting
A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.
anxiety
A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.
attitudes
Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?
autism spectrum disorder
Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?
behavior therapy
The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.
bystander effect
People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
An archetype is a ________.
pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness?
central route
Which group is play therapy often used to treat?
children
Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.
chronic
What is comorbidity?
co-occurrence of two disorders
The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next.
collective unconscious
A psychological disorder is a ________.
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.
persona
Aversive conditioning is a ________.
counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior
Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?
foot-in-the-door technique
Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?
group therapy
Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.
psychotic
Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________.
relapse
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.
seasonal pattern
Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.
self-serving bias
Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.
self-serving bias
What is a social role?
socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group
Self-efficacy is ________.
someone's level of confidence in their own abilities
_______ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.
suicidal ideation
What is the just-world hypothesis?
the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve
Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?
unconditional positive regard
Who developed client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
_______ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.
Congruence
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?
Philip Zimbardo
Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.
Rogerian or client-centered
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
Schizophrenia
