Psych Exam 4 Lesson 12

What is the significant flaw in the Asch conformity study? a. Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity-- including race, class, and gender b. Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity-- whether the response was public or private c. Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity-- the size of the group d. Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity-- the presence of another dissenter

a. Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity-- including race, class, and gender

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ____________. a. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting b. written record of a person's history c. prescription for psychotropic medicine d. set of instructions to be carried out in a specific order

a. a person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________. a. consummate b. infatuation c. romantic d. fatuous

a. consummate

Mark and Rosa commit to support each other, but they have no real physical passion and do not share their thoughts and feelings. Their love is called ________. a. empty b. consummate c. romantic d. companionate

a. empty

Kara fails her social psychology exam and then goes home and argues with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes that Kara is yelling at him because she is mean, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a _____________. a. fundamental attribution error b. central attitude shift c. central attribution error d. fundamental attitude shift

a. fundamental attribution error

Which of the following best describes the Asch effect? a. influence of the group majority on an individual's judgement b. influence of one person on a large group c. influence of the group minority on individual judgment d. influence of one person on the creation of a group goal

a. influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn't intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________. a. instrumental aggression b. fatuous aggression c. hostile aggression d. frustration aggression

a. instrumental aggression

What is a major problem with the original Milgram study? a. Milgram was too truthful with his subjects, making his study invalid b. Milgram used deception with his subjects, making his study borderline unethical c. Milgram never published his finding, making his reported results questionable d. Milgram falsified his results, making his study unreliable

b. Milgram used deception with his subjects, making his study borderline unethical

What is the just-world hypothesis? a. a belief common in the US that rejects the idea that people get the outcomes they deserve b. an ideology common in the US that people get the outcomes they serve c. an ideology common in the US that the rich are bad people who will eventually be punished d. a belief common in the US that we will be rewarded in the afterlife

b. an ideology common in the US that people get the outcomes they deserve

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior? a. being raised in a Jewish household b. being in a crowd when someone faints c. being taught that stealing is wrong d. being aggressive toward strangers

b. being in a crowd when someone faints

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel physical attraction. Their love is called ________. a. consummate b. companionate c. fatuous d. romantic

b. companionate

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to buy a small item and then asking the person to buy a larger item later? a. central cognitive b. foot-in-the-door c. peripheral route d. head-in-the-sand

b. foot-in-the-door

Which of the following best describes groupthink? a. group members modify their opinions to agree with the numerical minority b. group members modify their opinions to align with the perceived consensus of the group c. leaders pressure followers to adhere to social norms and roles when working in groups d. group members fail to agree on issues so they dissolve the group

b. group members modify their opinions to align with the perceived consensus of the group

Jasmine belongs to the campus chess club. She associates only with other club members and avoids interacting with nonmembers. Which of the following best describes Jasmine's actions? a. out-group bias b. in-group bias c. scapegoating d. confirmation bias

b. in-group bias

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information? a. normative b. informational c. rational d. cognitive

b. informational

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? a. voting publicly in front of group members b. seeking outside opinions on group decisions c. having the group leader make his position known before discussion begins d. avoiding the development of any contingency plan

b. seeking outside opinions on group decisions

David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory. a. group effect b. social exchange c. individual exchange d. cognitive balance

b. social exchange

What is a social role? a. group expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of the members b. a person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting c. a socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group d. group knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

c. a socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion? a. encouraging your friend to quit smoking and switching to chewing b. creating anti-smoking advertisements that use celebrities to advocate a reduction in cigarette usage c. airing anti-smoking commercials that use graphs to show the annual number of smoking-related deaths d. supporting your sister who has decided to use nicotine gum to quit smoking

c. airing anti-smoking commercials

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness? a. peripheral route b. cognitive dissonance c. central route d. foot-in-the-door

c. central route

____________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors. a. situationism b. collectivism c. dispositionism d. moralism

c. dispositionism

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? a. people will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior b. people will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior c. people will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior d. people will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly

c. people will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate? a. people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social psychology b. people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by their biology c. people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations d. people's thoughts are influenced by biology, while their feelings and behaviors are influenced by social situations

c. people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

Anna thinks that Bill is rude to her because she had to seat him in a noisy, crowded area of the restaurant. Anna takes a ________ view of Bill. a. conditionist b. influist c. situationist d. sexist

c. situationist

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ___________. a. diffusion of responsibility b. aggression c. social loafing d. altruism

c. social loafing

What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment? a. the study went on too long b. the respondents wanted to leave, but Zimbardo would not let them. c. the students were not randomly assigned d. Zimbardo did not use a control group

d. Zimbardo did not use a control group

Tom believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence; however, he believes that Barnaby is unable to stop gambling because Barnaby is addicted to gambling. This is an example of ________. a. dissonant cognition b. cognitive dissonance c. actor bias d. actor-observer bias

d. actor-observer bias

Which term refers to a positive or negative evaluation of a person, idea, or object? a. intuition b. cognition c. sense d. attitude

d. attitude

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________. a. perceptive deception b. peripheral dissension c. aggressive discord d. cognitive dissonance

d. cognitive dissonance

While you walk down a street, an older woman trips and falls. Because there are many people in the vicinity, you assume someone else will help her and continue walking. Which of the following best explains why you did not help her? a. cognitive dissonance b. instrumental aggression c. prosocial behavior d. diffusion of responsibility

d. diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following is a characteristic of peripheral route persuasion? a. focusing on information quality b. using convincing data, facts, and logic c. depending on a motivational audience d. relying on an association with positivity

d. relying on an association with positivity