Psych Final Exam Review

_____ is a disability in which children consistently show inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity over a period of time. Some children show a combination of these symptoms. A)ADHD B)OCD C)PTSD D)EMDR

A) ADHD

In the context of emotional and personality development, which of the following is true of perspective taking? A) It is the social cognitive process involved in assuming the viewpoint of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings. B) It is referred to as the global evaluative dimension of the self. C) It is referred to as the domain-specific evaluation of the self. D) It is the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes.

A) It is the social cognitive process involved in assuming the viewpoint of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings.

_____ adults have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships. A) Securely attached B) Attachment-anxious C) Attachment-avoidant D) Securely detached

A) Securely attached

In a recent research review, massage of preterm infants in the NICU was associated with _____ length of stay, _____ pain, and _____ weight gain. A)a shorter; reduced; improved B)a longer; heightened; reduced C)a shorter; no observable difference in; steady D)no changes in; no; no observable difference in

A) a shorter; reduced; improved

According to Levinson, which of the following should occur at the end of one's teens? A) a transition from dependence to independence B) an increase in generativity C) an increase in feelings of stagnation D) a transition from conventional to postconventional reasoning

A) a transition from dependence to independence

Most of us reach our peak physical performance A) before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26. B) between the ages of 15 and 22. C) before the age of 20. D) before the age of 22, often between the ages of 14 and 19.

A) before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26.

Piaget's preoperational stage is so named because he believed that children in this stage of development A)cannot yet perform reversible mental actions. B)cannot yet form stable concepts. C)are unable to reason. D)cannot operate electronic devices like televisions.

A) cannot yet perform reversible mental actions.

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the 75-to-84 and 85-and-over age groups? A)cardiovascular disease B)kidney disease C)cancer D)hypertension

A) cardiovascular disease

How do the coping strategies of children differ from those of adolescents when they are faced with stress? A)children suppress, adolescents engage B)children engage, adolescents cope C)children engage, adolescents disengage D)children disengage, adolescents suppress

A) children suppress, adolescents engage

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying? A)denial and isolation B)bargaining C)acceptance D)depression

A) denial and isolation

Toddlers' lower emotional competence has been linked in a recent study to A)emotion-dismissing mothers. B)the poor emotion-coaching of fathers. C)the emotion-dismissing behaviors of grandparents. D)a lack of emotion-coaching from peers.

A) emotion-dismissing mothers.

Conflicts arise between parents and adolescents because A)few parents anticipate how strongly their adolescent will push for autonomy and responsibility. B)while parents want autonomy, adolescents want a connection. C)parents want their adolescents to push the boundaries, while adolescents want to maintain the status quo. D)parents want to relinquish all of their control over their adolescent.

A) few parents anticipate how strongly their adolescent will push for autonomy and responsibility.

Parents who hover too closely in their effort to ensure that their children succeed in college and adult life are known in the most recent literature as A)helicopter parents. B)authoritative parents. C)bothersome parents. D)neglectful parents.

A) helicopter parents.

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages is the most important issue to be negotiated in adolescence? A) identity versus identity confusion B) industry versus inferiority C) intimacy versus isolation D) autonomy versus shame

A) identity versus identity confusion

According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is A)initiative versus guilt. B)autonomy versus shame and doubt. C)industry versus inferiority. D)trust versus mistrust.

A) initiative versus guilt.

Which of the following is prominent in Erikson's final stage of integrity versus despair? A)life review B)identity resolution C)integrity formation D)struggle for independence

A) life review

Each year, hundreds of babies in the United States show symptoms such as brain swelling and hemorrhaging, which experts refer to as A)shaken baby syndrome. B)SIDS. C)FADS. D)ADHD.

A) shaken baby syndrome.

One factor that has contributed to the survival of centenarians is A)their ability to cope effectively with stress. B)the lack of stressful events in their lives. C)their years of marriage. D)their socioeconomic status.

A) their ability to cope effectively with stress.

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood and occurs from approximately _____ years of age. A)12 to 18 B)18 to 25 C)20 to 30 D)21 to 26

B) 18 to 25

During the elementary school years, children grow an average of _____ inches a year. A)1 to 2 B)2 to 3 C)5 to 7 D)7 to 10

B) 2 to 3

In the context of socioemotional selectivity theory, which of the following statements is true according to studies on the emotional life of older adults? A)Emotional experiences are less positive in the lives of older adults than in the lives of younger adults. B)Older adults focus less on negative events in their past than younger adults do. C)Older adults show less engagement with highly positive contexts than younger adults. D)Compared with younger adults, older adults react more strongly to negative circumstances.

B) Older adults focus less on negative events in their past than younger adults do.

Children with high self-esteem typically A)become bullies as they grow up. B)are prone to both prosocial and antisocial actions. C)tend to be insecurely attached to their parents. D)have low initiative, which produces uniquely positive outcomes.

B) are prone to both prosocial and antisocial actions.

Changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of _____ processes that affect development. A)cognitive B)biological C)socioemotional D)cultural

B) biological

What causes autism spectrum disorders? A)improper family socialization B)brain dysfunction with abnormalities in brain structure and neurotransmitters C)damage to the prefrontal cortex of the brain D)childhood immunizations

B) brain dysfunction with abnormalities in brain structure and neurotransmitters

Feelings or affects that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being, are known as A) temperament. B) emotions. C) personality traits. D) feeling states.

B) emotions.

The maximum life span of humans A)has increased over time. B)has not changed since the beginning of recorded history. C)has matched their life expectancy in recent times. D)was about 65 years as the second decade of the twenty-first century drew to a close.

B) has not changed since the beginning of recorded history.

Identify the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments. A)identity crisis B)identity diffusion C)identity foreclosure D)identity achievement

B) identity diffusion

Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by A) removing the cap of the DNA molecule. B) injecting it with telomerase. C) rearranging the DNA sequences. D) splicing the 18th and 19th chromosomes.

B) injecting it with telomerase.

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago, early-maturing boys perceived themselves _____ than did their late-maturing counterparts. When the late-maturing boys were in their thirties, however, they had developed a _____ than the early-maturing boys had. A)as an anomaly; stronger feeling of inadequacy B)more positively; stronger sense of identity C)as misfits; more negative self-image D)more negatively; deeper sense of regret

B) more positively; stronger sense of identity

The gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can reduce their A)lung capacity. B)sexual activity. C)infertility. D)thyroid levels.

B) sexual activity.

According to Ellen Berscheid, the most important ingredient of romantic love is A)friendship. B)sexual desire. C)long-term commitment. D)spontaneity in behavior.

B) sexual desire.

Experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, conclude that _____ makes it unlikely that emotions that require thought can be experienced in the first year. A)the lack of innate emotions in the infant brain B)the structural immaturity of the infant brain C)incomplete myelination in the first two months D)the lack of reciprocity of emotional expressions

B) the structural immaturity of the infant brain

Who is at the highest risk of SIDS? A) Malachi, who is 4 weeks old B) Tyrell, who is 6 weeks old C) Chaz, who is 3 months old D) Isaiah, who is 10 months old

C) Chaz, who is 3 months old

Which theorist proposed the "storm-and-stress" view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings? A)Anna Freud B)Jean Piaget C)G. Stanley Hall D)Daniel Offer

C) G. Stanley Hall

Which of the following best describes the way genes shape an individual human life? A)Each gene programs one specific protein in the human body. B)Each gene acts independently of the other. C)Many genes collaborate with each other as well as with nongenetic factors. D)Genes strictly determine the possibility of any individual human life.

C) Many genes collaborate with each other as well as with nongenetic factors.

What do studies say of the American attitude toward euthanasia after the Terri Schiavo incident? A)The general public and experts entirely agree on the precise boundaries of implementing the practice of euthanasia. B)The general population favors active euthanasia. C)There is a trend toward accepting passive euthanasia in cases of terminally ill patients. D)The inflammatory argument of equating the practice of euthanasia with suicide has increased substantially.

C) There is a trend toward accepting passive euthanasia in cases of terminally ill patients.

The leading cause of death in young children in the United States is A)heart disease. B)malnutrition. C)accidents. D)domestic violence.

C) accidents.

Most neuroscientists agree that complex functions such as reading or performing music involve A)the spinal cord. B)only the right hemisphere of the brain. C)both hemispheres of the brain. D)only the left hemisphere of the brain.

C) both hemispheres of the brain.

All the following factors influence both the severity of the damage to an embryo or fetus and the type of defect from a particular teratogen, EXCEPT A)genetic susceptibility. B)dose. C)ethnicity. D)time of exposure.

C) ethnicity.

Erikson proposed that middle-aged adults face a significant issue that he called A)intimacy versus isolation. B)integrity versus despair. C)generativity versus stagnation. D)autonomy versus shame and doubt.

C) generativity versus stagnation.

James is in his mid-forties and has little time to exercise, as he runs a business. However, he knows that he should focus more on his health, eat healthy meals at regular intervals, and exercise as often as he can. One of the age-related conditions that James is most likely to face at his age is A)increased strength in his upper arms. B)sensitivity to high-pitched sounds. C)joint stiffness. D)decreased bladder control.

C) joint stiffness.

Most psychologists believe that it is best for dying individuals to A) be unaware of their condition. B) limit their interaction with others. C) know that they are dying. D) distance themselves from family and friends.

C) know that they are dying.

Many experts on middle adulthood describe the age period of 55 to 65 as A) late adulthood. B) early midlife. C) late midlife. D) early adulthood.

C) late midlife.

During early childhood, girls are _____ than boys. A)much lighter B)more muscular C)slightly smaller D)considerably taller

C) slightly smaller

According to Freud, to reduce anxiety, avoid punishment, and maintain parental affection, children identify with parents, internalizing their standards of right and wrong, thus forming the A)alter ego. B)ego. C)superego. D)id.

C) superego.

According to Albert Bandura, which of the following statements is most likely to be endorsed by students with high self-efficacy? A)"I think I am better than everyone else." B)"I wish I could perform well in sports." C)"I will not be able to do well at this activity." D)"I know that I will be able to achieve the objective in this class."

D) "I know that I will be able to achieve the objective in this class."

According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society, which of the following statements is true about an individual's sleep? A) The level of stress is independent of the quality or amount of sleep. B) Family and social obligations predominantly lead to long hours of sleep in an individual's life. C) Usually five hours of sleep a day is necessary for the optimal performance of an individual. D) Chronic sleep deprivation may contribute to cardiovascular disease and a shortened life span.

D) Chronic sleep deprivation may contribute to cardiovascular disease and a shortened life span.

Which of the following is true of activity theory? A) It states that successful aging depends on three main factors: selection, optimization, and compensation. B) It states that adults become more selective about their social networks as they grow older and place a high value on emotional satisfaction. C) It suggests that older adults should identify and reflect on the positive and negative aspects of their lives. D) It states that adults who cannot carry on their middle-adulthood roles into late adulthood should find substitute roles that keep them engaged.

D) It states that adults who cannot carry on their middle-adulthood roles into late adulthood should find substitute roles that keep them engaged.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) A)are rarely transmitted through oral sex. B)can be prevented by contraceptive pills or implants. C)rarely occur in U.S. adolescents. D)are contracted primarily through sexual contact.

D) are contracted primarily through sexual contact.

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following developmental stages is experienced by an individual during adolescence? A)autonomy versus shame and doubt B)intimacy versus isolation C)initiative versus guilt D)identity versus identity confusion

D) identity versus identity confusion