psych

which correlation best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction

-0.5

which of the following represents a strong negative correlation

-0.9

which of the following represents a weak positive correlation

0.2

From ________ months old, children are most capable of using simple sentences such as "I see."

18 to 24

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

Albert Bandura

the hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic _________ needs to _____________ needs to self-actualization.

Biological; social

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

Getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

Research shows that _________; performance tends to suffer ____________.

Moderate arousal is generally best; when arousal is very high or very low

Karen Horney describe three coping styles when dealing with anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them?

Moving with people

Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________.

Myers-Briggs Type indicator

what is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others

which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other

Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?

Zimbardo

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism

why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine?

a prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link

According to research, the need for _________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to copmplete a second PhD, so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list.

achievement

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

adhd

what was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development

an individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

___________ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that it well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise

anorexia nervosa

which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?

antisocial personality disorder

children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be _________.

anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy

Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory.

arousal

_______ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of the characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes

artificial

which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

Encoding information occurs through ________.

automatic processing and effortful processing

which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

babs saw martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. she is careful to complete her reading list because she sa martin get a reward for doing it

the ______ complex is the part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory.

basolateral

which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?

being conditiond to laugh when you see a top hat then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.

between -1 and +1

the hierarchy of needs in the spectrum of needs ranging from basic _________ needs to ____________ needs to self-actualization

biological; social

mae notices that her daughter, natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. mae can barely see the freckles, but natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. she spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have _______

body dismorphia

How is homosexuality similar to bisexuality?

both types of sexuality involve loving another person

Anasophia binges on chocolates, then induces vomiting, and then swallows laxatives. Anasophia probably suffers from ________ nervosa.

bulimia

which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness?

central route

what should be changed to make the following sentence true? the step of recall, which is the consciousness repetition of information to be remembered in order to move it from STM into long-term memory is called memory

change the word recall to the word rehersal

which of the following makes it more likely that a child will be bullied?

children who are different from others

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.

chunking

the ________ rythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approx. 24 hours

circadian

The ______ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next

collective unconscious

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel physical attraction. Their love is called ________.

companionate

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a ________.

confirmation bias

______ is the tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs

confirmation bias

ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. he is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun and the sound of nearby traffic. ali is in a state of ______.

consciousness

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

construction; reconstruction

Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

conventional

an upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likability of faces in a set of photos. however, they tell participants that the study is about the effects aging on likability. when participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. in this example, the class forgot to _________ in order to resolve the _____ in the study

debrief participants, deceptioin

which of the following experiments involves the use of social learning theory?

determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch Youtube videos of people knitting

the ______ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events

diathesis-stress

Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders.

differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture

Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ____

divded intelligence into two components

Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?

dyslexia

which of the following is a scientific way of determining facts

empirical studies

Mark and Rosa commit to support each other, but they have no real physical passion and do not share their thoughts and feelings. Their love is called ________.

empty

which of the following statements about encoding is incorrect?

encoding involves a single set or neurotransmitters located in the prefrontal cortex

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

erik erikson

which psychological perspective might advance the argument that out sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness

evolutionary

which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?

excessive, persistent fear and anxiety

The likelihood of functional fixedness occurring may be influenced by culture, and it is________.

experienced in both industrial and preindustrial countries equally

Luis works part

extrinsic

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

t/f states of consciousness do not vary over the course of the day

false, they vary

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval

what is confirmation bias

focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified by the following? amantha left her phone somewhere, but she can't remember where

forgetting

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

freud

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

freud

manifest and latent content in dreams is associated with ________

freud

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

fundamental attribution error

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

giving them unconditional love

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

groupthink

Which of the following statements about Charles Spearman is false?

he divided intelligence into two components; crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence

peer reviewers ________

help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

hippocampus

Katia is experiencing a state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn't notice. This state was induced through ________.

hypnosis

Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their _____ might be narcissistic and impulsive

id

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

if you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make It more meaningful

the ______ is controlled by the experimenter

independent variable

An _________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society

inferiority

What is episodic memory?

information about events we have personally experienced

People view the Environmental Protection Agency as competent and believe they know correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment, so they possess ________ social influence when it comes to enforcing a group norm of recycling.

informational

________ (IRB) reviews research that is conducted using empirical research

institutional review board

Scientists who study cognition are searching for ways to understand how we _________, organize, and utilize our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all of the unconscious work that our brains are doing

integrate

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development in which an individual assesses and makes sens of her life and the meaning of her contributions?

integrity vs. despair

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?

integrity vs. despair

People may not intend to distort facts, but ________.

it can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories

________ an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation

jane goodall

which of the following is an example of wakefulness

jemma, competing a marathon

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

just-world

Which of the following is a way that the kinsey research differed from the Masters and johnson research?

kinsey collected data with personal interviews; Masters and johnson recorded measurements of physiological variables

What is semantic memory

knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

Anywhere between 30-70% of individuals with diagnosed cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) also have some sort of ________.

learning disability

what impact did genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a _________

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.

meditation

A _________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working

mental set

Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis?

milgram

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.

motivation

_________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate other objects

motor

Karen Horney described three coping styles when dealing with anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them?

moving with people

which of the following is self-efficacy

naomi believes she can successfully complete law school

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality?

narcissistic personality disorder

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

narcolepsy

in classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ______.

natural stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: _____ and _____

natural; artificial

A developmental psychologist might use __________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at at daycare center or in the life child's own home

naturalistic observation

what kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drivers?

negative

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

negative reinforcement

research shows that receiving some sort of extrinsic reinforcement for engaging in behaviors that we enjoy leads to those behaviors ___________.

no longer providing the same employment

Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds. Greg is ________.

obese

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

ocd

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

operant conditioning

hideki tells a lie and is grounded. he does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). which kind of learning is this?

operant conditioning

which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

parasomnias

How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning?

personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to initiate

A _____ is the best example, or representation, of a concept

prototype

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

psychological dependence

which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm?

refractory period

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

rem

Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________.

representational bias

When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information.

retrograde; anterograde

_________ are the most commonly used species for animal research

rodents

diana and bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other. but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. their love is called______-

romantic

Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?

schizophrenia

________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year

seasonal pattern

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure

which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words

semantics

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

sensory

Dale thinks that women shouldn't work outside the home and vows never to hire a woman at his bank. Dale's attitudes and planned course of action are ________.

sexist

which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

shaping

which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?

sleep deprivation often results in adhd

______ can be used to assess ______

statistical analyses; reliability

which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the sensorimotor stage?

stranger anxiety

Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.

surverys

which of the following is an example of observational learning?

teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park

Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cigarettes, and alcohol are all examples of ________.

teratogens

peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression

that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth

which of the following is not a reason that adhd may be overdiagnosed?

the amount of adhd in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified

what should be changed to make the following sentence true? in social learning theory, B.F. skinner identified three types of models: live, verbal and symbolic

the name b.f. skinner should be changed to albert bandura

Which of the following is an example of a reflex; an unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the environment

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

in Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ______ in the second half of life

the self-realization process

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? the zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord

the word zygote should be changed to the word placenta

what should be changed to make the following sentence true? Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory emphasizes the sexual nature of our development rather than its social nature.

the words sexual and social should be switched

which of the following is not a potential problem associated with relying on college students as participants in psychological research?

they have higher attrition rates than other populations

tayla smokes marijuana. at first, just a few inhalations to cloud her mind. over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same effect. this is an example of

tolerance

In classical condition, the ______ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. for example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (I.e., the stimulus)

unconditioned response

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

when a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior

which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical research?

whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions